|
Percolozoa
The Percolozoa are a group of colourless, non-photosynthetic excavates, including many that can transform between amoeboid, flagellate, and cyst stages. Characteristics Most Percolozoa are found as bacterivores in soil, fresh water and occasionally in the ocean. The only member of this group that is infectious to humans is '' Naegleria fowleri'', the causative agent of the often fatal disease amoebic meningitis. The group is closely related to the Euglenozoa, and share with them the unusual characteristic of having mitochondria with discoid cristae. The presence of a ventral feeding groove in the flagellate stage, as well as other features, suggests that they are part of the Excavata group. The amoeboid stage is roughly cylindrical, typically around 20–40 μm in length. They are traditionally considered lobose amoebae, but are not related to the others, and unlike them, do not form true lobose pseudopods. Instead, they advance by eruptive waves, where hemispherical bulges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excavata
Excavata is an obsolete, extensive and diverse paraphyletic group of unicellular Eukaryota. The group was first suggested by Simpson and Patterson in 1999 and the name latinized and assigned a rank by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 2002. It contains a variety of free-living and symbiotic protists, and includes some important parasites of humans such as ''Giardia'' and '' Trichomonas''. Excavates were formerly considered to be included in the now- obsolete Protista kingdom. They were distinguished from other lineages based on electron-microscopic information about how the cells are arranged (they have a distinctive ultrastructural identity). They are considered to be a basal flagellate lineage. On the basis of phylogenomic analyses, the group was shown to contain three widely separated eukaryote groups, the discobids, metamonads, and malawimonads. A current view of the composition of the excavates is given below, indicating that the group is paraphyletic. Except for some Eugleno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterolobosea
Heterolobosea are a class of Percolozoa. The only member of this class that is infectious to humans is '' Naegleria fowleri'', the causative agent of the often fatal disease amoebic meningitis. Typically, their life cycle alternates between flagellate and amoeboid stages. Etymology Life Cycle Characteristics Phylogeny The first broadly sampled comprehensive phylogenomic (phylotranscriptomic) analysis of the group (from 2025) confirmed the monophyly of Heterolobosea and provided a robustly supported backbone of the phylogeny resulting in the revision of the classification of Heterolobosea to the family level. The basal split of the cladogram has been confirmed between the subphyla Pharyngomonada (monotypic, with a sole family Pharyngomonadidae) and Tetramitia. In Tetramitia, two main clades (new classes) were identified: Selenaionea, consisting of two orders Neovahlkampfiida and Selenaionida in previously unsuspected but fully supported sister relationship, and Eutetr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Percolomonas
''Percolomonas'' is a genus of free-living flagellate Heteroloboseans, forming a clade with ''Stephanopogon''. The genus includes six described species (see infobox). However, ''P. cosmopolitus'' is likely a species complex containing multiple cryptic species of extremely similar morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines *Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts *Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ... but significant genetic divergence. References Percolozoa Discoba genera {{Excavata-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naegleria Fowleri
''Naegleria fowleri'', also known as the brain-eating amoeba, is a species of the genus ''Naegleria''. It belongs to the phylum Percolozoa and is classified as an amoeboflagellate Excavata, excavate, an organism capable of behaving as both an amoeba and a flagellate. This free-living microorganism primarily feeds on bacteria, but can become pathogenic in humans, causing an extremely rare, sudden, severe, and almost always fatal brain infection known as naegleriasis or primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). It is typically found in warm freshwater bodies such as lakes, rivers, hot springs, warm water discharge from industrial or power plants, geothermal well water, and poorly maintained or minimally Water chlorination, chlorinated swimming pools with residual chlorine levels under 0.5 g/m3, water heaters, soil, and pipes connected to tap water. It can exist in either an amoeboid or temporary flagellate stage. Etymology The organism was named after Malcolm Fowler, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psalteriomonas
''Psalteriomonas'' is a genus of excavates in the group of Heterolobosea. The genus was first discovered and named in 1990. It contains amoeboflagellate cells that live in freshwater anaerobic sediments all over the world. The microtubule-organizing ribbon and the associated microfibrillar bundles of the mastigote system is the predominant feature in Psalteriomonas. This harp-shaped complex gives rise to the name of this genus. ''Psalteriomonas''forms an endosymbiotic relationship with methanogenic bacteria, especially with ''Methanobacterium formicicum'' There are currently three species in this genus: ''P. lanterna'', ''P. vulgaris'', and ''P. magna''. Etymology The name of the genus ''Psalteriomonas'' comes from the word ''psalterium'', which means "harp" in Latin. This refers to the harp-like structure of the microtubule-organizing ribbon (body of the harp) and the associated microfibrillar bundle (strings of the harp) of the posterior part of the complex mastigote system, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyromonas
Lyromonas is a genus of Excavata unicellular organism A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells. Organisms fall into two general categories: prokaryotic organisms and .... It has one known species, ''psalteriomonas vulgaris''. References Percolozoa Discoba genera {{Excavata-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gruberellidae
Gruberellidae is a family of Heterolobosea Heterolobosea are a class of Percolozoa. The only member of this class that is infectious to humans is '' Naegleria fowleri'', the causative agent of the often fatal disease amoebic meningitis. Typically, their life cycle alternates between fl ..., Its nucleolus fragments during mitosis, can be uni or multinucleated, has flagellated forms in genera ''Stachyamoeba''. ''Gruberella'', ''Stachyamoeba''. References ADL, S. M., SIMPSON, A. G. B., FARMER, M. A., ANDERSEN, R. A., ANDERSON, O. R., BARTA, J. R., BOWSER, S. S., BRUGEROLLE, G., FENSOME, R. A., FREDERICQ, S., JAMES, T. Y., KARPOV, S., KUGRENS, P., KRUG, J., LANE, C. E., LEWIS, L. A., LODGE, J., LYNN, D. H., MANN, D. G., MCCOURT, R. M., MENDOZA, L., MOESTRUP, Ø., MOZLEY-STANDRIDGE, S. E., NERAD, T. A., SHEARER, C. A., SMIRNOV, A. V., SPIEGEL, F. W. and TAYLOR, M. F. J. R. (2005), The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. Journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amoeboid
An amoeba (; less commonly spelled ameba or amœba; : amoebas (less commonly, amebas) or amoebae (amebae) ), often called an amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods. Amoebae do not form a single taxonomic group; instead, they are found in every major lineage of eukaryotic organisms. Amoeboid cells occur not only among the protozoa, but also in fungi, algae, and animals. Microbiologists often use the terms "amoeboid" and "amoeba" interchangeably for any organism that exhibits amoeboid movement. In older classification systems, most amoebae were placed in the class or subphylum Sarcodina, a grouping of single-celled organisms that possess pseudopods or move by protoplasmic flow. However, molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Sarcodina is not a monophyletic group whose members share common descent. Consequently, amoeboid organisms are no longer classified together in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vahlkampfiidae
Vahlkampfiidae is a family of Heterolobosea. It includes the following genera: * '' Monopylocystis'' * ''Naegleria'' * '' Paravahlkampfia'' * ''Psalteriomonas'' * '' Sawyeria'' * '' Tetramitus'' * '' Vahlkampfia'' * '' Willaertia'' See also *Gruberellidae Gruberellidae is a family of Heterolobosea Heterolobosea are a class of Percolozoa. The only member of this class that is infectious to humans is '' Naegleria fowleri'', the causative agent of the often fatal disease amoebic meningitis. Typi ... References Further reading Percolozoa Discoba families {{Excavata-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schizopyrenida
Schizopyrenida is an order of Heterolobosea. It contains ''Naegleria fowleri ''Naegleria fowleri'', also known as the brain-eating amoeba, is a species of the genus ''Naegleria''. It belongs to the phylum Percolozoa and is classified as an amoeboflagellate Excavata, excavate, an organism capable of behaving as both an ...''. Phylogeny The cladogram from Tolweb and updated by Pánek and Čepička 2014 and family names from Cavalier-Smith 2021. It assumes that ''Schizopyrenida'' has four families under it: Tulamoebidae, Naegleriidae, Vahlkampfiidae, and Percolomonadida References {{Authority control Percolozoa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrasid
The family Acrasidae (ICZN, or Acrasiomycota, ICBN) is a family of slime molds which belongs to the excavate group Heterolobosea. The name element - comes from the Greek ''akrasia'', meaning "acting against one's judgement". This group consists of cellular slime molds. The terms "Acrasiomycota" or "Acrasiomycetes" have been used when the group was classified as a fungus ("-mycota"). In some classifications, ''Dictyostelium'' was placed in Acrasiomycetes, an artificial group of cellular slime molds, which was characterized by the aggregation of individual amoebae into a multicellular fruiting body, making it an important factor that related the acrasids to the dictyostelids. Each cell keeps its individuality even when it forms a stalk and fruiting body to reproduce. Slime molds were originally thought to be in a monophyletic group ''Mycetozoa'', with little distinction between ''Acrasis'' and ''Dictyostelids'', however scientists uncovered that they were distinct groups, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
