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People’s Will Party
The People's Will Party () is a communist party in Syria. History In 2000, shortly after the convention of the 9th Congress of the Syrian Communist Party, 80% of the membership of Damascus organization of the party were expelled. As this illegitimate procedure was widened to cover more party organizations all over Syria, the affected comrades and party organizations formed the National Committee for the Unity of the Syrian Communists, which re-published the Qassioun newspaper. The new party is not affiliated with the National Progressive Front, which brought together the ruling Ba'ath Party and other legal parties. In 2012, the communist group formed an officially registered party known as the People's Will Party that convened its 10th Periodical, 1st after registration, Congress in June 2013. The party ran independent candidates in the parliamentary elections in 2003 and 2007 but failed to win any seats. Nonetheless, in the parliamentary elections of 2012, the Popular Front fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collective Leadership
In communist and socialist theory, collective leadership is a shared distribution of power within an organizational structure, sometimes publicly described or designed as Primus inter pares, ''primus inter pares'' (''first among equals''). Communist states China Collective leadership in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is generally considered to have begun with reformist Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s during the same time period as the Chinese economic reform, who tried to encourage the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, CCP Politburo Standing Committee to rule by consensus in order to prevent a resurgence of autocracy under Maoism, Maoist rule. General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, CCP general secretary Jiang Zemin formally established himself as the "Primus inter pares, first among equals". Some political analysts has alleged that this era of collective leadership has been said to end with Xi Jin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Parties In Syria
Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products in society based on need.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." A communist society entails the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a libertarian socialist approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and an authoritarian socialist, vanguardist, or party-driven approach to establish a socialist state, which is expected to wither away. Communist parties have been described as radical lef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Establishments In Syria
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2020 Syrian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were scheduled to be held in Syria on 13 April 2020 to elect members of the People's Council of Syria. However, on 14 March they were postponed to 20 May due to the coronavirus pandemic. On 7 May it was decided to postpone the elections until 19 July. Syria's parliamentary elections occur every four years, with the last held in 2016. A total of 1,656 candidates ran for office, competing for all 250 seats in Syria's parliament. Background The previous parliamentary election was held on 13 April 2016, although its results were not recognized by the United Nations. On 3 March 2020, President Bashar al-Assad issued a decree setting the date of the election to 13 April 2020. The decree stipulated that 127 of the 250 members of the People's Council were to be workers and farmers, while 123 were to be from other segments of the population. All were to be elected from 15 multi-member constituencies. The announcement came amid a government offensive on Idlib G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2016 Syrian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Syria to elect the People's Council of Syria, People's Council on 13 April 2016, electing members for the List of members of the Parliament of Syria, 2016–2020, 2016–2020 parliamentary term. Background Amidst nearly five years of civil war and ensuing negotiations for a ceasefire, following the Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War and Syrian Arab Army gains, President Bashar al-Assad called the election. At the time of the election, Idlib Governorate was almost entirely outside government control, as it was controlled by rebels. Raqqa Governorate and Deir ez-Zor Governorate were mostly occupied by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, ISIL. As such, elections did not take place in these provinces. Parts of Aleppo Governorate, Aleppo, Homs Governorate, Homs, and Daraa Governorate, Daraa governorates were also held by anti-government forces at the time of the election. Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, Roj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 Syrian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Syria on 7 May 2012 to elect the members of the Syrian People's Council. The elections followed the approval of a new constitution in a referendum on 26 February 2012. Background The elections were postponed from May 2011 to February 2012 and then again, due to the civil war and the referendum on a new constitution. The 250-seat parliament's term expired March 2011 but it was extended in accordance with the country's new constitution. Only a few days before the date announced, peace envoy Kofi Annan said he was awaiting a response from the Syrian leader on "concrete proposals". He had submitted these to him in two rounds of talks in Damascus at the weekend prior to the announcement on the election. On 13 March, President Assad signed decree No.113 setting the election on 7 May 2012. The date of polls was announced on the day when Syrian pro-government forces launched a fresh assault on rebel strongholds in the country’s northwest. Regul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidium
A presidium or praesidium is a council of executive officers in some countries' political assemblies that collectively administers its business, either alongside an individual president or in place of one. The term is also sometimes used for the governing body of European non-state organisations. Communist usage In Communist states the presidium is the permanent committee of the legislative body. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet existed after 1936, when the Supreme Soviet of the USSR supplanted the Congress of Soviets of the USSR, as a replacement for the Central Executive Committee which was headed by "the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee". In its place was the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet alone, no Central Executive Committee, and from 1938 to 1989, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was the formal title of the head of state of the USSR until the office of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet was introduced in 1989, later to be replaced by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Centralism
Democratic centralism is the organisational principle of most communist parties, in which decisions are made by a process of vigorous and open debate amongst party membership, and are subsequently binding upon all members of the party. The concept is mainly associated with Marxism–Leninism and how that governs a political or administrative group such as a party, wherein the party's political vanguard of revolutionaries practice democratic centralism to select leaders and officers, and determine and execute policy.Lenin, Vladimir (1906)"Report on the Unity Congress of the R.S.D.L.P." Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 14 February 2020. Democratic centralism has historically been associated with not only Marxist–Leninist but also |
Multi-party Elections
In political science, a multi-party system is a political system where more than two meaningfully-distinct political parties regularly run for office and win elections. Multi-party systems tend to be more common in countries using proportional representation compared to those using winner-take-all elections, a result known as Duverger's law. In these countries, usually no single party has a parliamentary majority by itself (hung parliaments). Instead, multiple political parties must negotiate to form a coalition with a majority of the vote, in order to make substantial changes. Comparisons with other party systems Unlike a one-party system (or a dominant-party system), a multi-party system encourages the general constituency to form multiple distinct, officially recognized groups, generally called political parties. Each party competes for votes from the enfranchised constituents (those allowed to vote). A multi-party system prevents the leadership of a single party from con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syrian Constitutional Referendum, 2012
A constitutional referendum was held in Syria on 26 February 2012. In response to the Syrian Civil War, President Bashar al-Assad ordered a new constitution to be drafted. The referendum was not monitored by foreign observers. Background The new constitution would set a limit of two seven-year terms for future presidents and also removed Article 8 of the constitution of Syria, which stated that "the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party leads the state and society." Issues Political parties The new constitution removes the de jure Ba'ath Party monopoly over the political life of Syria. The text also prohibits the formation of political parties on an ethnic, religious, regional or tribal basis. However, any planned political party must get the government's permission and approval before it is to be formed. Presidency According to the new constitution, presidential elections are held every seven years. They are intended to be contested by several candidates, unlike the old form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Uprising Phase Of The Syrian Civil War
The Syrian revolution, also known as the Syrian Revolution of Dignity, was a series of mass protests and civilian uprisings throughout Syria – with a subsequent violent reaction by the Ba'athist regime – lasting from 15 March 2011 to 8 December 2024 as part of the greater Arab Spring in the Arab world. The revolution, which demanded the end of the decades-long Assad family rule, began as minor demonstrations during January 2011 and transformed into large nation-wide protests in March. The uprising was marked by mass protests against the Ba'athist dictatorship of president Bashar al-Assad meeting police and military violence, massive arrests and a brutal crackdown, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths and tens of thousands wounded. 13 years after the start of the revolution, the Assad regime fell in 2024 after a series of rebel offensives. Despite al-Assad's attempts to crush the protests with crackdowns, censorship and concessions, the mass protests had become a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
