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People's Republic Of Albania
The People's Socialist Republic of Albania, () was the Marxist-Leninist state that existed in Albania from 10 January 1946 to the 29 April 1991. Originally founded as the People's Republic of Albania from 1946 to 1976, it was governed by the Party of Labor of Albania (PLA) had a constitutionally enshrined monopoly on state power, which it enforced by colonising the state and other mass organisations, and by controlling Albania's supreme organ of state power, the People's Assembly. Communist Albania was established after the end of World War II, succeeding the communist-dominated National Liberation Movement-led (or LANÇ) Democratic Government of Albania. Under the leadership of the PLA and especially Enver Hoxha, Albania pursued an anti-revisionist Stalinist form of Marxism-Leninism, which led to the Albanian-Soviet split in 1956 and then the Sino-Albanian split in 1978. The state was first led by Enver Hoxha from 1946 to 1985, and then by Ramiz Alia from 1985 to 199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a Collective security#Collective defense, collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Polish People's Republic, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc List of non-communist socialist states, socialist republics in Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War. The term "Warsaw Pact" commonly refers to both the treaty itself and its resultant military alliance, the Warsaw Pact OrganisationPage 22, �NATO and OSCE, Partners or Rivals?��, Edward Killham (WPO) (also known as ‘Warsaw Treaty Organization’ (‘WTO’)). The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Comecon, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon), the economic organization for the Eastern Bloc states. Dominated by the Soviet Union, the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to the NATO, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirana
Tirana ( , ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in Albania, largest city of Albania. It is located in the centre of the country, enclosed by mountains and hills, with Dajti rising to the east and a slight valley to the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the distance. It is among the wettest and sunniest cities in Europe, with 2,544 hours of sun per year. Tirana was founded in 1614 by Ottoman Albanian general Sulejman Bargjini, Sylejman Pasha Bargjini, centered on the Sulejman Pasha Mosque, Old Mosque and ''Sulejman Pasha Tomb, türbe''. The city was fairly unimportant until the 20th century, when the Congress of Lushnjë proclaimed it as Albania's capital after the Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912. The site of present-day Tirana has been continuously inhabited since the Iron Age and was likely the core of the Illyrian kingdom of the Taulantii, which in classical antiquity was centred in the hinterland of Durrës, Epidamnus. Following the Illyrian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Assembly Of Albania
The Parliament of Albania () or Kuvendi is the Unicameralism, unicameral Representative democracy, representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Albania; it is Albania's legislature. The Parliament is composed of no less than 140 members Legislative elections in Albania, elected to a four-year term on the basis of direct, universal, periodic and equal suffrage by secret ballot. The Parliament is presided over by the Speaker of the Parliament of Albania, Speaker, who is assisted by at least one deputy speaker. The electoral system is based on party-list proportional representation. There are 12 multi-seat Constituency, constituencies, corresponding to the country's Counties of Albania, counties. The Parliament's powers are defined by the Constitution of Albania. Among its responsibilities, it has the power to amend the borders of Albania or the Constitution, pass all laws, approve the Cabinet of Albania, cabinet, supervise the work of the government, declare war, decide o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adil Çarçani
Adil Çarçani (5 May 1922 – 13 October 1997) was an Albanian politician who served as the List of Prime Ministers of Albania, 24th Prime Minister of Albania during the Communist era led by Enver Hoxha. He served as the titular head of the Albanian government in the years immediately preceding the fall of Communism. Biography Çarçani was born on May 5, 1922, in the village of Fushëbardhë, near Gjirokastër. During World War II, he fought for Partisan forces against the Italy, Italian fascists, and joined the Party of Labour of Albania, Communist Party and the government that it set up after the war. He became mining minister in the 1950s, joined the Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania in the 1960s, and by 1981 had become First Deputy Prime Minister. On December 18, 1981, immediately after the violent death of Mehmet Shehu, Çarçani became the List of Prime Ministers of Albania, 24th Prime Minister of Albania. He remained in that position until February 1991, two mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmet Shehu
Mehmet Ismail Shehu (January 10, 1913 – December 18, 1981) was an Albanian Communism, communist politician who served as the Prime Minister of Albania, Prime Minister of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1954 to 1981. He was known as a close confidant of Enver Hoxha and served in various high-ranking positions in the government. Shehu was Chief of the General Staff (Albania), Chief of the General Staff of the Albanian People's Army from 1946 to 1948 and later served as Ministry of Internal Affairs (Albania), Minister of the Interior from 1948 to 1954. He then assumed the position of Council of Ministers (Albania), Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) from 1954 to 1981 and additionally served as Ministry of Defence (Albania), Minister of People's Defense from 1974 to 1980. Shehu was often regarded as the right hand of Enver Hoxha and played a central role in Albania's political leadership during that era. In 1938, he joined the International Brigade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haxhi Lleshi
Haxhi Lleshi (1 May 1913 – 1 January 1998) was an Albanian military leader and communist politician who served as the Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1953 to 1982. Biography He was born to a Sunni Gheg Muslim Albanian family in Dibër, North-Central Albania. In the 1920s he worked as a shepherd in his homeland. As part of the anti- Zogist movement in 1922, Lleshi's family fled to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where they settled in Debar, and later in Banjishte near Debar. From 1926 to 1931 he attended elementary school, then attended a grammar school in Albania and the second and third stages in the Serbo-Croatian language city of Debar. With the Italian invasion of Albania, Lleshi and his ''émigré'' friend Myslim Peza were sent to Albania. Lleshi received financial aid from the Yugoslavs, part of which went to sponsor the scattered anti-Italian activities in Albania; most notorious was the guerrill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omer Nishani
Omer Nishani (5 February 1887 – 26 May 1954) was an Albanian medical doctor and political figure involved first in the struggle against Ahmet Zogu (known after 1928 as King Zog) in the 1920s and 1930s, and then in the struggle against the fascist occupation of Albania during the 1942–44 period, becoming Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of the People's Republic of Albania (thereby becoming the country's head of state) in 1946 and serving in this position until 1953. Biography Omer was born in Gjirokastër in the Janina Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. His brother, Beso, was a teacher whose students included a young Enver Hoxha (also a native of Gjirokastër). Nishani studied medicine in Istanbul, graduating but not practicing it as a profession. He worked as a physician in Vienna and from 1915 to 1918, worked in Ballsh. He moved to Tirana in the Tirana Hospital and then in Durrës until 1924. In the early 1920s he involved himself in politics. He participated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Heads Of State Of Albania
This is a list of Head of state, heads of state of Albania who have served since the Albanian Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Independence of 1912. Since the Fall of communism in Albania, collapse of the communist regime in 1991, the head of state of Albania is the President of Albania, president of the republic (). The president is Indirect election, indirectly elected to a five-year term and is limited to a maximum of two terms, as specified by the Constitution of Albania, Constitution. As in most parliamentary systems, the president is now by-and-large a Figurehead, ceremonial office, with the Prime Minister of Albania, prime minister ''de facto'' heading the Executive (government), executive branch. Heads of state Independent Albania (1912–1914) Republic of Central Albania (1913–1914) Principality of Albania (1914–1925) Albanian Republic (1925–1928) Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939) Italian Albania (1939–1943) German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramiz Alia
Ramiz Alia (; 18 October 1925 – 7 October 2011) was an Albanian politician serving as the second and last leader of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1985 to 1991, serving as First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania. He was also the country's head of state from 1982 to 1992. He had been seen as a successor by Enver Hoxha and took power after Hoxha died. Early life and politics Alia was born on October 18, 1925, in Shkodër to Gheg Albanian parents who were Muslim. They fled persecution in Yugoslavia. He grew up and spent his childhood in Tirana. In the early part of World War II, Alia was a member of a fascist youth organisation known as the Fascist Lictor Youth Organisation but joined the underground Albanian Communist Youth Organisation in 1941.J.F. BrownBackground Notes to Albania's Party Congress – Special Report, Blinken Open Society Archives, 2 February 1961. In 1943, he became a member of the Albanian Communist Party. He had risen rapidly unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enver Hoxha
Enver Halil Hoxha ( , ; ; 16 October 190811 April 1985) was an Albanian communist revolutionary and politician who was the leader of People's Socialist Republic of Albania, Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985. He was the Secretary (title)#First secretary, First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania from 1941 until his death, a member of its Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania, Politburo, chairman of the Democratic Front of Albania, and commander-in-chief of the Albanian People's Army. He was the twenty-second Prime Minister of Albania, prime minister of Albania from 1944 to 1954 and at various times was both Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (Albania), foreign minister and Ministry of Defence (Albania), defence minister of the country. Hoxha was born in Gjirokastër near Greece in 1908. He was a grammar school teacher in 1936. After the Italian invasion of Albania, he joined the Party of Labour of Albania at its creation in 1941 in the Soviet Union. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of Labour Of Albania
The Party of Labour of Albania (PLA), also referred to as the Albanian Workers' Party (AWP), was the ruling and sole legal party of Albania during the communist period (1945–1991). It was founded on 8 November 1941 as the Communist Party of Albania (, PKSh) but changed its name in 1948 following a recommendation by Joseph Stalin. The party was dissolved on 13 June 1991 and succeeded by the Socialist Party of Albania and the new Communist Party of Albania. For most of its existence, the party was dominated by its First Secretary, Enver Hoxha, who was also the ''de facto'' leader of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985. Background In the 1920s, Albania was the only Balkan country without a communist party. The first Albanian communists emerged from the followers of Albanian clergyman and politician Fan S. Noli. Once in Moscow, they formed the National Revolutionary Committee and became affiliated to the Comintern. In August 1928, the first Albanian Communist Party was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
