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Pectiniidae
Pectiniidae was a family of stony corals, commonly known as chalice corals, but the name is no longer considered valid. Taxonomy The "robust" stony coral families of Faviidae, Merulinidae, Mussidae and Pectiniidae, have traditionally been recognised on morphological grounds but recent molecular analysis has shown that these families are polyphyletic, the similarities between the species having occurred through convergent evolution. A revised classification, proposed in 2012, places the Pacific species of Mussidae in a new family, Lobophylliidae and retains the taxon Mussidae for the Atlantic species. In the revision, the genera '' Echinomorpha'', ''Echinophyllia'' and '' Oxypora'' were transferred from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae, and the genera '' Mycedium'', ''Pectinia'' and '' Physophyllia'' were transferred to Merulinidae. The family Pectiniidae was abolished. Genera The World Register of Marine Species used to include the following genera in the family: *'' Echinomorp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merulinidae
Merulinidae is a family of reef-building stony corals. Characteristics All the genera in this family are colonial, reef-building corals. Skeletal structures are similar to those of Faviidae but are highly fused, without paliform lobes. The valleys are superficial or may be indistinct because of fan-like spreading or contortions in the ridges. Faviidae and Trachyphylliidae are the most closely related families. Genera The World Register of Marine Species includes these genera in the family: *'' Astrea'' Lamarck, 1801 *'' Australogyra'' Veron & Pichon, 1982 *'' Boninastrea'' Yabe & Sugiyama, 1935 *'' Caulastraea'' Dana, 1846 *'' Coelastrea'' Verrill, 1866 *''Cyphastrea'' Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 *'' Dipsastraea'' Blainville, 1830 *'' Echinopora'' Lamarck, 1816 *''Erythrastrea'' Pichon, Scheer & Pillai, 1983 *'' Favites'' Link, 1807 *'' Goniastrea'' Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 *'' Hydnophora'' Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 *'' Hydnophyllia'' † Reis, 1889 *'' Isastraea''† Mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinophyllia
''Echinophyllia'' is a genus of large polyp stony corals. Members of this genus are colonial corals and are generally foliaceous, usually with very thin leaves. They are native to the Indo-Pacific and are sometimes found in reef aquariums. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lists the following species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...: *'' Echinophyllia aspera'' (Ellis & Solander, 1786) *'' Echinophyllia bulbosa'' Arrigoni, Benzoni & Berumen, 2016 *'' Echinophyllia costata'' Fenner & Veron, 2000 *'' Echinophyllia echinata'' (Saville-Kent, 1871) *'' Echinophyllia echinoporoides'' Veron & Pichon, 1980 *'' Echinophyllia galli'' Benzoni & Arrigoni, 2016 *'' Echinophyllia hirsuta'' Nemenzo, 1979 *'' Echinophyllia orpheensis'' Veron & Pichon, 1980 *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Register Of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialists on each group of organism. These taxonomists control the quality of the information, which is gathered from the primary scientific literature as well as from some external regional and taxon-specific databases. WoRMS maintains valid names of all marine organisms, but also provides information on synonyms and invalid names. It is an ongoing task to maintain the registry, since new species are constantly being discovered and described by scientists; in addition, the nomenclature and taxonomy of existing species is often corrected or changed as new research is constantly being published. Subsets of WoRMS content are made available, and can have separate badging and their own home/launch pages, as "subregisters", such as the ''World List ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectinia
''Pectinia'' is a genus of corals Corals are marine invertebrates within the class (biology), class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically form compact Colony (biology), colonies of many identical individual polyp (zoology), polyps. Coral species include the important C ... belonging to the family Merulinidae. Species: *'' Pectinia africana'' *'' Pectinia alcicornis'' *'' Pectinia crassa'' *'' Pectinia elongata'' *'' Pectinia lactuca'' *'' Pectinia laxa'' *'' Pectinia maxima'' *'' Pectinia paeonia'' *'' Pectinia pygmaea'' *'' Pectinia teres'' References Merulinidae Scleractinia genera {{scleractinia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxypora
''Oxypora'' is a genus of large polyp stony corals. Members of this genus are colonial corals and are generally foliaceous, usually with very thin leaves. They are native to the Indo-Pacific and are sometimes found in reef aquariums. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lists the following species: *''Oxypora convoluta'' Veron, 2000 *''Oxypora crassispinosa'' Nemenzo, 1979 *''Oxypora egyptensis'' Veron, 2000 *''Oxypora glabra'' Nemenzo, 1959 *''Oxypora lacera ''Oxypora lacera'', the ragged chalice coral or porous lettuce coral, is a species of large polyp stony corals in the family Lobophylliidae. It is a colonial coral which can be submassive, encrusting or laminar. It is native to the western Indo- ...'' (Verrill, 1864) References Lobophylliidae Scleractinia genera {{Scleractinia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convergent Evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy. The recurrent evolution of flight is a classic example, as flying insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats have independently evolved the useful capacity of flight. Functionally similar features that have arisen through convergent evolution are ''analogous'', whereas ''homologous'' structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions. Bird, bat, and pterosaur wings are analogous structures, but their forelimbs are homologous, sharing an ancestral state despite serving different functions. The opposite of convergence is divergent evolution, where related species evolve different traits. Convergent evolution is similar to paralle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
