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Pałuki
Pałuki () is a historic and ethnographic region lying in central Poland, part of Greater Poland neighbouring Pomerania and Kuyavia. In terms of administrative division the region lies in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship and Greater Poland Voivodship. A diverse relief, forests and numerous lakes serve as tourist attractions. Pałuki is commonly called "the land of 130 lakes" or sometimes even "Little Mazury". The "Piast Trail", leading through several places connected with the origins of the Polish State (Gniezno, Kruszwica), runs across the south of Pałuki. Żnin, Szubin, Kcynia and Barcin are major towns of the regions. Biskupin, Wenecja and Gąsawa also attract visitors. History The name Pałuki is likely derived from łuk, łęk, or łęg, signifying grassy lowlands between arable land. An alternative theory suggests the name comes from the shape of the small hilltops which dot the landscape. The name appeared in the 14th century in the Latin form ''terra Palucacensis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Żnin
Żnin (; , 1941–45: ) is a town in north-central Poland with a population of 14,181 (June 2014). It is in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (previously Bydgoszcz Voivodeship) and is the capital of Żnin County. The historical town, initially established in the 11th century, is situated in the historic land of Pałuki and the Gniezno, Gniezno Lake Area on the river Gąsawka. Etymology The name originates from the Polish language, Polish word "żnieja", meaning harvest or a harvester. During World War II, Żnin's name was "Dietfurt". History The area was known in Ancient Rome, Roman times, especially the nearby fortification of Biskupin, a Lusatian culture site known as the "Polish Pompeii". Biskupin was an early Iron Age Hallstatt C fortified settlement of about 800-1000 people in the Warta, Warta River valley circa 800-650 and 650-475 BC. By 1030, the area was included within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno, Archbishopric of Gniezno. The first mention of Żnin is in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wenecja, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Wenecja (; Polish for "Venice") is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żnin, within Żnin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Żnin and south-west of Bydgoszcz. The village gained city status in 1392, but lost it before 1400. Its location among three lakes (Biskupinskie, Weneckie, Skrzynka) resulted in its name alluding to the lagoon of Venice, Italy. The village, dubbed "the pearl of Pałuki", is one of the greatest tourist attractions in the Pałuki region. Wenecja is located on the line of the narrow gauge railway running from the town of Żnin to famous Biskupin and further on to Gąsawa. The Narrow Gauge Railway Museum and the ruins of the 14th-century castle attract tourists to the village. History In the 14th century, the settlement belonged to the Nałęczów family. At that time it was called Mościska, which Mikołaj Nałęcz changed to Wenecja after his return from his studies in Venic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szubin
Szubin () is a town in Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, located southwest of Bydgoszcz. It has a population of around 9,333 (as of 2010). It is located on the Gąsawka River in the ethnocultural region of Pałuki. A small town in the Pałuki subregion of historical Greater Poland, founded in the Middle Ages, it became more known for being the site of German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II, German-operated prisoner-of-war camps for Allies of World War II, Allied soldiers and officers of various nationalities during the German occupation of Poland in World War II, chiefly Polish, French, British and American. History The first record of a settlement next to the castle of the Pałuka family was noted in 1365. It became a town in 1434. Szubin was a private town of szlachta, Polish nobility, including the Mycielski (Dołęga), Mycielski and Opaliński family, Opaliński families, administratively located in the Kcynia County in the Kalisz Voivodeship (131 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kcynia
Kcynia () is a town in Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland, with 4,702 inhabitants (2010). It is located in the Pałuki ethnographic region in the northern part of historic Greater Poland. History Kcynia started in the Middle Ages, with the rule of the founding Piast dynasty in Poland. In the 11th century, Polish ruler Władysław Herman built a church of St. Giles at the site. In 1255 Kcynia was owned by Duke of Greater Poland Przemysł I. His brother, Duke Bolesław the Pious, in 1262 granted Kcynia town rights along with privileges similar to those enjoyed by Poznań and Gniezno. Kcynia was a royal town of the Polish Crown and a county seat in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province.Pietrykowski, p. 27 The coat of arms of Kcynia depicts the white eagle of Greater Poland. Kcynia suffered a fire in 1441. The town had defensive walls and a castle, which was the seat of local starosts (local royal administrators). In 1594 Poli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gąsawa
Gąsawa is a town in Żnin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Gąsawa. It lies approximately south of Żnin and south-west of Bydgoszcz. It is situated on the western shore of the Gąsawskie Lake in the region of Pałuki. History The oldest known mention of the village comes from the Bull of Gniezno from 1136, when it was part of Piast-ruled Poland. It is famous as the place of the assassination of Leszek I the White, High Duke of Poland (November 23, 1227). Gąsawa received town rights in 1388 from King Władysław II Jagiełło and lost them in 1934. The town name appears as "Gonzawa", "Gonsawa", or "Gassawa" in certain older documents. It was a private church town, administratively located in the Gniezno County in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1600 Gąsawa hosted the Lubrański Academy () which temporarily moved out of pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Historical Regions
Polish historic regions are regions that were related to a Territorial evolution of Poland, former Polish state, or are within present-day Poland, with or without being identified in its administrative divisions. There are several historic and cultural regions in Poland that are called ethnography, ethnographic regions. Their exact borders cannot be drawn, as the regions are not official political or administrative units. They are delimited by culture, such as country traditions, traditional lifestyle, songs, tales, etc. To some extent, the regions correspond to the zones of Polish language, Polish language dialects. The correspondence, however, is by no means strict. Historical regions within the current Polish state The following historical regions, historic regions within Poland's modern borders belonged to the Polish state during most of its existence, inhabited by a majority or a sizeable Polish- or Cashubian-speaking population, thus forming the core Polish territory: *G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Poland
Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (; ), is a Polish Polish historical regions, historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief and largest city is Poznań followed by Kalisz, the oldest city in Poland. The boundaries of Greater Poland have varied somewhat throughout history. Since the Late Middle Ages, Wielkopolska proper has been split into the Poznań Voivodeship (14th century to 1793), Poznań and Kalisz Voivodeship (1314–1793), Kalisz Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, voivodeships. In the wider sense, it also encompassed Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793), Sieradz, Łęczyca Voivodeship, Łęczyca, Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship, Brześć Kujawski and Inowrocław Voivodeship, Inowrocław voivodeships (the last two known as Kuyavian) which were situated further east, and the Santok, Santok Land, located to the northwest. The region in the proper sense roughly coincides with the present-day Greater Poland Voivodesh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wągrowiec
Wągrowiec () is a town in west-central Poland, from both Poznań and Bydgoszcz. Since the 18th century it has been the seat of a powiat. Administratively it is attached to the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The town is situated in the middle of the ethnographic and historical region of Pałuki within Greater Poland and the Chodzież, Chodzież lake area (), on the river Wełna (river), Wełna and its tributaries Nielba and Struga, as well as on the shores of Durów Lake. Geography The region around the town is rich in lakes. The town itself sits in the middle of Lake Durowskie (). The Wągrowiec municipal area boasts a rare attraction: two rivers, the Nielba and Wełna (river), Wełna cross there, without commingling. Administration Wągrowiec is constituted as a ''gmina miejska'', or municipal commune (subdivision), commune. The city is also the seat of the rural commune of Wągrowiec, as well as of powiat of Wągrowiec. Situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship since 1999, Wą ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biskupin
Biskupin () is an archaeological site and a life-size model of a late Bronze Age fortified settlement in north-central Poland that also serves as an archaeological open-air museum. When first discovered it was thought to be early evidence of a West Slavic settlement, but archaeologists later confirmed it belonged to the Biskupin group of the Lusatian culture from the 8th century BC. The Museum is situated on a marshy peninsula in , ca. northeast of Poznań and south of the small town of Żnin. In the years 1956–2000, it was a division of the National Museum of Archaeology in Warsaw. After the Polish local government reforms of 1998, Biskupin was granted the status of an independent institution known as the Archeological Museum in Biskupin. The site is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (''Pomnik historii''), as designated September 16, 1994, and tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland. History of the excavations In 1933, schoolteacher Wale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Kcynia
The Battle of Kcynia took place on June 1, 1656, and was one of the battles of the Swedish invasion of Poland. It resulted in a victory for Swedish forces, commanded by King Charles X Gustav and Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg. In the spring of 1656, Hetman Stefan Czarniecki carried out a raid in Swedish-occupied Greater Poland, during he supported Polish guerrilla forces. On May 20, he left Uniejów, and headed northwards, to Royal Prussia, where his division joined the local pospolite ruszenie, commanded by the Voivode of Malbork Voivodeship, Jakub Weyher. Polish forces camped near Kcynia, feeling safe among the waters of the Noteć river. Meanwhile, Count Adolph John entered Bydgoszcz on May 26. Czarniecki's raid into Royal Prussia alarmed King Charles X Gustav, who at that time commanded the Siege of Danzig. Charles Gustav decided to act quickly, and in late May, he abandoned the siege, and together with his army marched southwards, reaching Bydgoszcz on May 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deluge (history)
The Deluge was a series of mid-17th-century military campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In a wider sense, it applies to the period between the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648 and the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667, comprising the Polish theatres of the Russo-Polish and Second Northern Wars. In a stricter sense, the term refers to the Swedish invasion and occupation of the Commonwealth as a theatre of the Second Northern War (1655–1660) only; in Poland and Lithuania this period is called the Swedish Deluge (, Lithuanian: š''vedų tvanas'', ), or less commonly the Russo–Swedish Deluge () due to the simultaneous Russo-Polish War. The term "deluge" (''potop'' in Polish) was popularized by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his novel '' The Deluge'' (1886). During the wars the Commonwealth lost approximately one third of its population as well as its status as a great power due to invasions by Sweden and Russia. According to Professor Andrzej Rottermund, manager of the Roya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalisz Voivodeship (1314–1793)
Kalisz Voivodeship 1314–1793 (, ) was an administrative unit of Poland from 1314 to the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. It was part of the Greater Polish . Its capital was in Kalisz, and together with neighboring Poznań Voivodeship, Kalisz elected general starosta of Greater Poland. The sejmiks for the two voivodeships took place at Środa Wielkopolska, while general sejmik for the whole Province of Greater Poland took place in Koło, at the Bernardine Abbey. The territory of the voivodeship remained unchanged from 1314 until 1768, when Gniezno Voivodeship was carved out of its northern three counties. Its original area was 15,320 km2., but after 1768 it shrank to . Local starostas resided at Kalisz, Gniezno, Konin, Kcynia, Naklo, Pyzdry, and Złotów. Kalisz Voivodeship had eight senators. These were: Archbishop of Gniezno, Voivode of Kalisz (who resided at the Kalisz Royal Castle), Castellan of Kalisz, Castellan of Gniezno, and Castellans of Ląd, Nak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
