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Patrizia Paterlini-Bréchot
Patrizia Paterlini-Bréchot, born in the Italian city of Reggio Emilia, is an Italian scientist and a professor of cell biology and oncology working at the Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes and at INSERM in Paris. Education Patrizia Paterlini-Bréchot studied medicine at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy. In 1978, she defended a thesis on Hodgkin's Lymphoma, which was awarded the title of ''« Best medical thesis »'' of the year 1978. She pursued her training and validated a double specialization in Hematology (1981), awarded the prize of ''« Best research in Hematology »'' of the year 1979, and in Oncology (1984). Patrizia Paterlini-Bréchot obtained a permanent academic position in the University of L'Aquila (1981), then Bologna (1984) working in the departments of Hematology, Gastroenterology and Oncology. In 1988 she moved to Paris (France) for a training in molecular biology in professor Christian Bréchot's laborat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as List of islands of Italy, nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino. It is the List of European countries by area, tenth-largest country in Europe by area, covering , and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with nearly 59 million inhabitants. Italy's capital and List of cities in Italy, largest city is Rome; other major cities include Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, and Venice. The history of Italy goes back to numerous List of ancient peoples of Italy, Italic peoples—notably including the ancient Romans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Bréchot
Christian Bréchot (born 23 July 1952) is a French physician and scientist who has been serving as president of the Global Virus Network (GVN) since 2017. He previously served as president of the Institut Pasteur from 2013 until 2017 and as chief executive officer of the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) from 2001 to 2007. Professional career Bréchot is specialized in hepatitis B and C and the mechanisms behind liver cancer. He was appointed director of the Liver Cancer and Molecular Virology Inserm unit (U370) in 1993 and Head of the French National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis in 1998. In 1997, he became Head of the Hepatology Department at Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, a position he has held until 2001. He has also been in charge of the Cell Biology Department at the Necker Faculty of Medicine until 2001. On February 14, 2001, Bréchot became CEO of Inserm, taking over from Claude Griscelli. From 2008 to 2013, Christian Bréchot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Biologists
Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Italian, regional variants of the Italian language ** Languages of Italy, languages and dialects spoken in Italy ** Italian culture, cultural features of Italy ** Italian cuisine, traditional foods ** Folklore of Italy, the folklore and urban legends of Italy ** Mythology of Italy, traditional religion and beliefs Other uses * Italian dressing, a vinaigrette-type salad dressing or marination * Italian or Italian-A, alternative names for the Ping-Pong virus, an extinct computer virus * ''Italien'' (magazine), pro-Fascist magazine in Germany between 1927 and 1944 See also * * * Italia (other) * Italic (other) * Italo (other) * The Italian (other) * Italian people (other) Italian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Living People
Purpose: Because living persons may suffer personal harm from inappropriate information, we should watch their articles carefully. By adding an article to this category, it marks them with a notice about sources whenever someone tries to edit them, to remind them of WP:BLP (biographies of living persons) policy that these articles must maintain a neutral point of view, maintain factual accuracy, and be properly sourced. Recent changes to these articles are listed on Special:RecentChangesLinked/Living people. Organization: This category should not be sub-categorized. Entries are generally sorted by family name In many societies, a surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several give .... Maintenance: Individuals of advanced age (over 90), for whom there has been no new documentation in the last ten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Missing (living People)
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISET Test
The ISET Test (Isolation by SizE of Tumor cells / Trophoblastic cells) is a diagnostic test, diagnostic blood test that detects circulating tumor cells in a blood sample. The test uses an Medical test#By method, in-vitro diagnostic system developed at INSERM, the Université Paris Descartes and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris in order to isolate cancer cells from blood without loss and identify them through a diagnostic cytopathology-based approach. __TOC__ Operation A 1-milliliter, ml sample of blood will typically contain 5 to 10 million leukocytes, 5 billion erythrocytes, and a small number of circulating rare cells, including: * non-tumor cells such as epithelial-normal cells, epithelial-atypical cells, endothelial vells and stem cells; * physiological state-dependent cells such as fetal cells in pregnant and ex-pregnant women; * circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which are of diagnostic value in diagnosing various cancers. The diagnostic problem is to find and identify ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ER Stress
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response related to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. It has been found to be conserved between mammalian species, as well as yeast and worm organisms. The UPR is activated in response to an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. In this scenario, the UPR has three aims: initially to restore normal function of the cell by halting protein translation, degrading misfolded proteins, and activating the signaling pathways that lead to increasing the production of molecular chaperones involved in protein folding. If these objectives are not achieved within a certain time span or the disruption is prolonged, the UPR aims towards apoptosis. Sustained overactivation of the UPR has been implicated in prion diseases as well as several other neurodegenerative diseases, and inhibiting the UPR could become a treatment for those diseases. Diseases amenable to UPR inhibition include Cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. During the initial infection period, people often have mild or no symptoms. Early symptoms can include fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, and jaundice, yellow tinged skin. The virus persists in the liver, becoming Chronic condition, chronic, in about 70% of those initially infected. Early on, chronic infection typically has no symptoms. Over many years however, it often leads to liver disease and occasionally cirrhosis. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will develop serious complications such as liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cancer, or esophageal varices, dilated blood vessels in the esophagus and gastric varices, stomach. HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with injection drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, needlestick injuries in healthcare, and blood transfusions, transfusions. In r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust, and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium. The most common calcium compound on Earth is calcium carbonate, found in limestone and the fossils of early sea life; gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, and apatite are also sources of calcium. The name comes from Latin ''calx'' " lime", which was obtained from heating limestone. Some calcium compounds were known to the ancients, though their chemistry was unknown until the seventeenth century. Pure calcium was isolated in 1808 via electrolysis of its oxide by Humphry Davy, who named the element. Calcium compounds are widely used in many industries: in foods and pharmaceuticals for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the '' hepatitis B virus'' (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause both acute and chronic infection. Many people have no symptoms during an initial infection. For others, symptoms may appear 30 to 180 days after becoming infected and can include a rapid onset of sickness with nausea, vomiting, yellowish skin, fatigue, yellow urine, and abdominal pain. Symptoms during acute infection typically last for a few weeks, though some people may feel sick for up to six months. Deaths resulting from acute stage HBV infections are rare. An HBV infection lasting longer than six months is usually considered chronic. The likelihood of developing chronic hepatitis B is higher for those who are infected with HBV at a younger age. About 90% of those infected during or shortly after birth develop chronic hepatitis B, while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five develop chronic cases. Most of those ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carcinogenic
A carcinogen () is any agent that promotes the development of cancer. Carcinogens can include synthetic chemicals, naturally occurring substances, physical agents such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, and Biological agent, biologic agents such as viruses and carcinogenic bacteria, bacteria. Most carcinogens act by creating mutations in DNA that disrupt a cell's normal processes for regulating growth, leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation. This occurs when the cell's DNA repair processes fail to identify DNA damage allowing the defect to be passed down to daughter cells. The damage accumulates over time. This is typically a multi-step process during which the regulatory mechanisms within the cell are gradually dismantled allowing for unchecked Cell division, cellular division. The specific mechanisms for carcinogenic activity is unique to each agent and cell type. Carcinogens can be broadly categorized, however, as activation-dependent and activation-independent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclin A
Cyclin A is a member of the cyclin family, a group of proteins that function in regulating progression through the cell cycle. The stages that a cell passes through that culminate in its division and replication are collectively known as the cell cycle Since the successful division and replication of a cell is essential for its survival, the cell cycle is tightly regulated by several components to ensure the efficient and error-free progression through the cell cycle. One such regulatory component is cyclin A which plays a role in the regulation of two different cell cycle stages. Types Cyclin A was first identified in 1983 in sea urchin embryos. Since its initial discovery, homologues of cyclin A have been identified in numerous eukaryotes including '' Drosophila'', ''Xenopus'', mice, and in humans but has not been found in lower eukaryotes like yeast. The protein exists in both an embryonic form and somatic form. A single cyclin A gene has been identified in Drosophila while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
