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Paris Métro Line 4
Line 4 () is one of the sixteen lines of the Paris Métro rapid transit system and one of its three fully automated lines. Situated mostly within the boundaries of the City of Paris, it connects Porte de Clignancourt (Paris Métro), Porte de Clignancourt in the north and Bagneux–Lucie Aubrac (Paris Métro), Bagneux-Lucie Aubrac in the south, travelling across the heart of the city. Until its southern terminus was changed from Porte d'Orléans (Paris Métro), Porte d'Orléans to Mairie de Montrouge (Paris Métro), Mairie de Montrouge in 2013, the line was sometimes referred to as the Clignancourt – Orléans Line. At in length, it connects with all Paris Métro lines apart from the very short Paris Métro Line 3bis, 3bis and Paris Métro Line 7bis, 7bis branch lines, as well as with all 5 Réseau Express Régional, RER express lines. It also serves three of the Paris Railway stations, Gare du Nord, Gare de l'Est, and Gare Montparnasse. It is the second-busiest Métro line aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Métro Line 7bis
Paris Métro Line 7bis is one of sixteen lines on the Paris Métro. It connects Louis Blanc in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, 10th arrondissement to Pré Saint-Gervais in the 19th arrondissement of Paris, 19th arrondisement in the north-eastern part of the city. With a length of 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) and eight stations, the line is the second shortest on the Paris Métro, only longer than Paris Métro Line 3bis, Line 3bis. The line was opened in 1911, then operating as a branch of Paris Métro Line 7, Line 7. However, due to a large difference in passenger numbers between this branch and the other Line 7 branch (then operating as far as Porte de la Villette (Paris Métro), Porte de La Vilette), the branch was separated from Line 7, forming Line 7bis. Chronology *18 January 1911: The section between Louis Blanc and Pré-Saint-Gervais was opened as a branch of Paris Métro Line 7, Line 7. *3 December 1967 : Because of a lack of traffic, the branch became a separate li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seine
The Seine ( , ) is a river in northern France. Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plateau, flowing through Paris and into the English Channel at Le Havre (and Honfleur on the left bank). It is navigable by ocean-going vessels as far as Rouen, from the sea. Over 60 percent of its length, as far as Burgundy (region), Burgundy, is negotiable by large barges and most tour boats, and nearly its whole length is available for recreational boating; Bateaux Mouches, excursion boats offer sightseeing tours of the river banks in the capital city, Paris. There are 37 List of bridges in Paris#Seine, bridges in Paris across the Seine (the most famous of which are the Pont Alexandre III and the Pont Neuf) and dozens List of crossings of the River Seine, more outside the city. A notable bridge, which is also the last along the course of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Parisien
''Le Parisien'' (; ) is a French daily newspaper covering both international and national news, and local news of Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ... and its suburbs. Since 2015, ''Le Parisien'' has been owned by LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE, better known as LVMH, belonging to French billionaire Bernard Arnault. History and profile The paper was established as ''Le Parisien libéré'' (; ) by Émilien Amaury in 1944, and was published for the first time on 22 August 1944. The paper was originally launched as the organ of the French underground during the German occupation of France in World War II. The name was changed to the current one in 1986. A national edition exists, called ''Aujourd'hui en France'' (; ). LVMH acquired the paper from É ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Paris Express
The Grand Paris Express (; GPE) is a project consisting of new rapid transit lines and the extension of existing lines being built in the Île-de-France region of France. The project comprises four new lines for the Paris Métro, plus extensions of the existing Lines 11 and 14. A total of of new tracks and 68 new stations are to be added, serving a projected 2 million passengers a day. The constructed lines are planned to open in stages, starting with the Line 14 extension in June 2024, until 2031. Since August 2013, the New Grand Paris steering committee has met quarterly. The first public inquiry, focused on the southern section of Line 15 from to Noisy–Champs, was held from October to mid-November 2013. Work on Line 15 began in 2015. Its first section between Métro station and Noisy–Champs RER A station was scheduled at that time to open around 2020, but this has now been pushed back to late 2026. This line was first proposed in the ''Orbival'' project, then integ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montrouge
Montrouge () is a Communes of France, commune in the southern Parisian suburbs, located from the centre of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. After a long period of decline, the population has increased again in recent years. History The name "Montrouge" means Red Mountain - from ''mont'' (mountain) and ''rouge'' (red) - because of the reddish colour of the earth in this area. The name of the community was first mentioned in monastery documents in 1194. Throughout the Middle Ages, the hamlet was home to monasteries and a number of religious orders, while in the 15th century it became the site of quarries used for the reconstruction of Paris. The late sixteenth century saw the plain of Montrouge named "reserve for royal hunts", and during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries it was known for its windmills, which have all now disappeared. On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighbouring communes. On that occasio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rheostat
A potentiometer is a three-terminal (electronics), terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. The measuring instrument called a Potentiometer (measuring instrument), potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its name. Potentiometers are commonly used to control electrical devices such as volume controls on audio equipment. It is also used in speed control of fans. Potentiometers operated by a mechanism can be used as position transducers, for example, in a joystick. Potentiometers are rarely used to directly control significant power (more than a watt), since the power dissipated in the potentiometer would be comparable to the power in the controlled load. Nomenclature Some terms in the electronics industry used t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MP 59
The MP 59 (; ) was a rubber-tyred variant of electric multiple units used on the Paris Métro system in service from 1963 to 2024. Manufactured by a consortium between CIMT-Lorraine (body), Jeumont-Schneider (control circuits), Alsthom and CEM (motors), they were first introduced in 1963 when the busiest routes of Lines 1 and 4 were converted to rubber-tyred pneumatic operation. The trains worked on Line 1 between 1963 and 2000, Line 4 between 1966 and 2012, and Line 11 between 1995 and 2024. By the time of their retirement in June 2024, the MP 59 trains (along with the Sprague-Thomson) were among the oldest trains still in use on any metro system in the world, at 61 years old. Exit from Line 4 With the arrival of the MP 05 automated stock on Line 1, the remaining 48 MP 59 trains on Line 4 were replaced by the MP 89 CC (just like their Line 1 counterparts were). The first MP 89CC train (#01) arrived on Line 4 in April 2011 and went into service on May 23, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
River Seine
The Seine ( , ) is a river in northern France. Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plateau, flowing through Paris and into the English Channel at Le Havre (and Honfleur on the left bank). It is navigable by ocean-going vessels as far as Rouen, from the sea. Over 60 percent of its length, as far as Burgundy, is negotiable by large barges and most tour boats, and nearly its whole length is available for recreational boating; excursion boats offer sightseeing tours of the river banks in the capital city, Paris. There are 37 bridges in Paris across the Seine (the most famous of which are the Pont Alexandre III and the Pont Neuf) and dozens more outside the city. A notable bridge, which is also the last along the course of the river, is the Pont de Normandie, the ninth longest cable-stayed bridge in the world, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Métro Line 1
Paris Métro Line 1 (French language, French: ''Ligne 1 du métro de Paris'') is one of the sixteen lines of the Paris Métro. It connects in the northwest and in the southeast. With a length of , it constitutes an important east–west transportation route within the City of Paris. Excluding Réseau Express Régional (RER) commuter lines, it is the busiest line on the network with 181.2 million travellers in 2017 or 496,000 people per day on average. The line was the network's first to open, with its inaugural section entering service in 1900. It is also the network's first line to be converted from manually driven operation to fully automated operation. Conversion, which commenced in 2007 and was completed in 2011, included new rolling stock (MP 05) and laying of platform edge doors in all stations. The first eight MP 05 trains (501 through 508) went into passenger service on 3 November 2011, allowing the accelerated transfer of the existing MP 89 CC stock to Paris Métro Lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gare Montparnasse
Gare Montparnasse (; Montparnasse station), officially Paris Montparnasse, is one of the seven large List of Paris railway stations, Paris railway termini, and is located in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, 14th and 15th arrondissement of Paris, 15th arrondissements. The station opened in 1840, was rebuilt in 1852 and relocated in 1969 to a new station just south of the original location, where subsequently the prominent Montparnasse Tower was constructed. It is a central element to the Montparnasse area. The original station is noted for the Montparnasse derailment, where a steam train crashed through the station in 1895, an event captured in widely known photographs and reproduced in full scale in several locations. The station serves intercity TGV trains to the west and southwest of France including Tours, Bordeaux, Rennes and Nantes, and suburban and regional services on the Transilien Paris – Montparnasse routes. There is also a Montparnasse – Bienvenüe (Paris M� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
