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Paracerathere
Paraceratheriidae is an extinct family of long-limbed, hornless rhinocerotoids, native to Asia and Eastern Europe that originated in the Eocene epoch and lived until the end of the Oligocene. They represent some of the largest terrestrial mammals to have ever lived. Description The necks and limbs of paraceratheriids are elongate relative to those of living rhinoceroses. The earliest paraceratheres like ''Juxia'' were comparable in size with living rhinoceroses with a body mass of three quarters to one and a half tons, while later members grew substantially larger, with the largest representatives (''Paraceratherium'', '' Dzungariotherium'') estimated to have a body mass of 17 to possibly over 20 tonnes, making them the largest land mammals to have ever lived (though possibly equalled or exceeded by some proboscideans in body mass). Non-fostercoopine paraceratheriids are united by the possession of a retracted nasal notch, a lack of contact between the premaxilla and nasal bones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juxia
''Juxia'', ‘joo-she-a’, (from ) is an extinct genus of Paraceratheriidae, paraceratheriid, a group of herbivorous mammals that are related to the modern rhinoceros. The type species is ''Juxia sharamurenensis'', named by Zhou Mingzhen and in 1964. ''Juxia'' was around the size of a horse. It lived in Asia during the upper Eocene. As an early paraceratheriid, ''Juxia'' was a relatively small animal compared to its later relatives, with a body mass estimated at or , held by elongated long legs and small skull firmly attached to a relatively long neck. Based on its triangular-like teeth and sharp protruding incisors, ''Juxia'' was probably a strict browser, feeding on ferns and leaves on branches where most herbivorous mammals could not reach. In terms of habitat, ''Juxia'' lived in densely lush and tropical forests of what is now China. Though a few skeletons have been found, it is unclear whether this animal was permanently solitary or lived in small social groups, possibly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraceratheriidae
Paraceratheriidae is an extinct family of long-limbed, hornless rhinocerotoids, native to Asia and Eastern Europe that originated in the Eocene epoch and lived until the end of the Oligocene. They represent some of the largest terrestrial mammals to have ever lived. Description The necks and limbs of paraceratheriids are elongate relative to those of living rhinoceroses. The earliest paraceratheres like '' Juxia'' were comparable in size with living rhinoceroses with a body mass of three quarters to one and a half tons, while later members grew substantially larger, with the largest representatives (''Paraceratherium'', '' Dzungariotherium'') estimated to have a body mass of 17 to possibly over 20 tonnes, making them the largest land mammals to have ever lived (though possibly equalled or exceeded by some proboscideans in body mass). Non-fostercoopine paraceratheriids are united by the possession of a retracted nasal notch, a lack of contact between the premaxilla and nasal bone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forstercooperia
''Forstercooperia'' is an extinct genus of forstercooperiine indricotheriinae, paraceratheriid rhinocerotoids from the Middle Eocene of Asia. Description ''Forstercooperia'' is known from a vast amount of cranial material, although only some scant postcranial remains. The average size of the genus is about equal with a large dog, even though later genera like ''Juxia'' and ''Paraceratherium'' reached sizes of a cow and even much larger. Like primitive rhinocerotoids, ''Forstercooperia'' possesses blunt ends on the tips of its nasals, above the nasal incision. Unlike all modern rhinoceroses, the nasals of ''Forstercooperia'', as well as many related genera, lack rugosities, which suggests that they lacked any form of horn. The nasal incision extends fairly far into the upper jaw, ending just posterior to the canine. ''Forstercooperia'' possesses a small post-insicor diastema, not as large as its descendants, and similar in size to that of ''Hyracodon''. Taxonomy ''Forstercooperia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aralotherium
''Aralotherium'' is an extinct genus of hornless rhinocerotoids closely related to ''Paraceratherium'', one of the largest terrestrial mammals that has ever existed. It lived in China and Kazakhstan during the late Oligocene epoch (28–23 million years ago). It is classified as a member of the Paraceratheriidae Paraceratheriidae is an extinct family of long-limbed, hornless rhinocerotoids, native to Asia and Eastern Europe that originated in the Eocene epoch and lived until the end of the Oligocene. They represent some of the largest terrestrial mammals ... subfamily Paraceratheriinae. Two species are known, ''A. prohorovi'' and ''A. sui''. References Paraceratheriidae Oligocene rhinoceroses Chattian genus extinctions Prehistoric placental genera Chattian genus first appearances Prehistoric rhinoceroses Fossil taxa described in 1939 {{Paleo-oddtoedungulate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Eocene
The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''Ēṓs'', ' Dawn') and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch.See: *Letter from William Whewell to Charles Lyell dated 31 January 1831 in: * From p. 55: "The period next antecedent we shall call Eocene, from ήως, aurora, and χαινος, recens, because the extremely small proportion of living species contained in these strata, indicates what may be considered the first commencement, or ''dawn'', of the existing state of the animate creation." The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasal Bone
The nasal bones are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face and by their junction, form the bridge of the upper one third of the nose. Each has two surfaces and four borders. Structure There is heavy variation in the structure of the nasal bones, accounting for the differences in sizes and shapes of the nose seen across different people. Angles, shapes, and configurations of both the bone and cartilage are heavily varied between individuals. Broadly, most nasal bones can be categorized as "V-shaped" or "S-shaped" but these are not scientific or medical categorizations. When viewing anatomical drawings of these bones, consider that they are unlikely to be accurate for a majority of people. The two nasal bones are joined at the midline internasal suture and make up the bridge of the nose. Surfaces The ''outer surface'' is concavo-convex from above downward, convex from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquitanian Extinctions
Aquitanian may refer to: * Aquitanian (stage), a geological age, the first stage of the Miocene Epoch * Aquitanian language, an ancient language spoken in the region later known as Gascony * Aquitani (or Aquitanians), were a people living in what is now Nouvelle-Aquitaine and southwestern Midi-Pyrenees, France * Anything originating from Aquitaine Aquitaine (, ; ; ; ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Aguiéne''), archaic Guyenne or Guienne (), is a historical region of southwestern France and a former Regions of France, administrative region. Since 1 January 2016 it has been part of the administ ..., a region of France {{Disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586. It is the second-oldest university press after Cambridge University Press, which was founded in 1534. It is a department of the University of Oxford. It is governed by a group of 15 academics, the Delegates of the Press, appointed by the Vice Chancellor, vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, Oxford, Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho, Oxford, Jericho. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert M
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' () "fame, glory, honour, praise, renown, godlike" and ''berht'' "bright, light, shining"). It is the second most frequently used given name of ancient Germanic origin.Reaney & Wilson, 1997. ''Dictionary of English Surnames''. Oxford University Press. It is also in use as a surname. Another commonly used form of the name is Rupert. After becoming widely used in Continental Europe, the name entered England in its Old French form ''Robert'', where an Old English cognate form (''Hrēodbēorht'', ''Hrodberht'', ''Hrēodbēorð'', ''Hrœdbœrð'', ''Hrœdberð'', ''Hrōðberχtŕ'') had existed before the Norman Conquest. The feminine version is Roberta. The Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish form is Roberto. Robert is also a common name in many Germanic languages, including En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donald R
Donald is a Scottish masculine given name. It is derived from the Gaelic name ''Dòmhnall''.. This comes from the Proto-Celtic *''Dumno-ualos'' ("world-ruler" or "world-wielder"). The final -''d'' in ''Donald'' is partly derived from a misinterpretation of the Gaelic pronunciation by English speakers. A short form of Donald is Don, and pet forms of Donald include Donnie and Donny. The feminine given name Donella is derived from Donald. ''Donald'' has cognates in other Celtic languages: Modern Irish ''Dónal'' (anglicised as ''Donal'' and ''Donall'');. Scottish Gaelic ''Dòmhnall'', ''Domhnull'' and ''Dòmhnull''; Welsh '' Dyfnwal'' and Cumbric ''Dumnagual''. Although the feminine given name '' Donna'' is sometimes used as a feminine form of ''Donald'', the names are not etymologically related. Variations Kings and noblemen Domnall or Domhnall is the name of many ancient and medieval Gaelic kings and noblemen: * Dyfnwal Moelmud (Dunvallo Molmutius), legendary kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyracodontidae
The Hyracodontidae are an extinction, extinct Family (biology), family of rhinocerotoids endemic to North America, Europe, and Asia during the Eocene through early Oligocene, living from 48.6 to 26.3 million years ago (Mya), existing about . The Hyracodontidae thrived in the rainforests of Kazakhstan, Pakistan, and southwest China, a former coastal region. Fossil evidence also extends their geographical range to Germany, as well as to Mongolia. References Further reading * Lucas, S. G. & Sobus, J. C., (1989), The Systematics of Indricotheres. 358–378 in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., (eds.) 1989: The Evolution of Perissodactyls, Oxford University Press, New York, New York & Oxford, England. Rhinocerotoidea Prehistoric rhinoceroses Oligocene Perissodactyla Rupelian extinctions Prehistoric mammals of North America Prehistoric mammals of Europe Prehistoric mammals of Asia Eocene first appearances Prehistoric mammal families Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope {{paleo- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Browsing (herbivory)
Browsing is a type of herbivory in which a herbivore (or, more narrowly defined, a folivore) feeds on leaves, soft Shoot (botany), shoots, or fruits of high-growing, generally woody plants such as shrubs. This is contrasted with Grazing (behaviour), grazing, usually associated with animals feeding on grass or other lower vegetations. Alternatively, grazers are animals eating mainly grass, and browsers are animals eating mainly non-grasses, which include both woody and herbaceous Dicotyledon, dicots. In either case, an example of this dichotomy are goats (which are primarily browsers) and Domestic sheep, sheep (which are primarily grazers). Browse The plant material eaten is known as ''browse'' and is in nature taken directly from the plant, though owners of livestock such as goats and deer may cut twigs or branches for feeding to their stock. In temperate regions, owners take browse before leaf fall, then dry and store it as a winter feed supplement. In time of drought, herdsme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
