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Pajęczno
Pajęczno is a town in Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, about north of Częstochowa. It is the capital of Pajęczno County. Its population is 6,651 (2020). It is located in the Sieradz Land. History First mentioned in historical sources from 1140, when it was part of Piast-ruled Poland. It had town rights between 1276 and 1870, and again from 1958. It was a royal town of Kingdom of Poland, administratively located in the Radomsko County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. A Jewish community had been residents of Pajęczno since the late 1700s. In the 1921 census, 85.2% of the population declared Polish nationality and 14.8% declared Jewish nationality. When the Germans occupied the town in September 1939, they unleashed a violent attack against the Jewish community, beginning with murder and abuse, then stripping Jews of most of their property, and in 1941, confining them to an overcrowded ghetto. After that, Jews were expelled to forced labour camps ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gmina Pajęczno
__NOTOC__ Gmina Pajęczno is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Pajęczno, which lies approximately south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 11,655 (out of which the population of Pajęczno amounts to 6,674, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,981). Villages Apart from the town of Pajęczno, Gmina Pajęczno contains the villages and settlements of Barany, Czerkiesy, Dylów A, Dylów Rządowy, Dylów Szlachecki, Janki, Kurzna, Ładzin, Łężce, Lipina, Makowiska, Niwiska Dolne, Niwiska Górne, Nowe Gajęcice, Patrzyków, Podładzin, Podmurowaniec, Siedlec, Stare Gajęcice, Tuszyn, Wręczyca and Wydrzynów. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Pajęczno is bordered by the gminas of Działoszyn, Kiełczygłów, Nowa Brzeźnica Nowa Brzeźnica is a village in Pajęczno County, Łódź ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pajęczno County
__NOTOC__ Pajęczno County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pajęczno, which lies south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Działoszyn, lying west of Pajęczno. The county covers an area of . As of 2006 its total population is 53,395, out of which the population of Pajęczno is 6,674, that of Działoszyn is 6,276, and the rural population is 40,445. Neighbouring counties Pajęczno County is bordered by Bełchatów County to the north-east, Radomsko County to the east, Częstochowa County and Kłobuck County to the south, and Wieluń County to the west. Administrative division The county is subdivided into eight gmina The gmina (Polish: , plural ''gminy'' ) is the basic unit of the administrative divi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship ( ) is a Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship (province) of Poland. The province is named after its capital and largest city, Łódź, pronounced . Łódź Voivodeship is bordered by six other voivodeships: Masovian Voivodeship, Masovian to the north and east, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Świętokrzyskie to the south-east, Silesian Voivodeship, Silesian to the south, Opole Voivodeship, Opole to the south-west, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Greater Poland to the west, and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kuyavian-Pomeranian for a short stretch to the north. Its territory belongs to three historical provinces of Poland – Masovia (in the east), Greater Poland (in the west) and Lesser Poland (in the southeast, around Opoczno). Cities and towns The voivodeship contains 11 cities and 35 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures for 31 December 2021): Administrative division Łódź Voivodeship is divided ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sieradz Land
Sieradz Land (; Latin: ''Terra Siradiae'') is a historical region in central Poland, a part of Łęczyca-Sieradz Land (). Its traditional capital is Sieradz, while other bigger cities are Piotrków Trybunalski (another historically important locality), Radomsko, Tomaszów Mazowiecki (partly in Łęczyca Land), Bełchatów, Zduńska Wola, and Pabianice (a suburb of Łódź). Sieradz Land is bordered by Greater Poland in the west, Łęczyca Land in the north-east, Lesser Poland in the south-east and in the south, and Wieluń Land in the south-west. It lies at the Warta, on the left bank of Pilica and on the south-west bank of Ner rivers. It spans an area of 9,700 km2 and has about 950,000 inhabitants. The Łęczyca Land and Sieradz Land combined roughly correspond with present-day Łódź Voivodeship. History The territory formed part of Poland since the establishment of the state in the 10th century. In the High Middle Ages, the main center of the area was Sierad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Ghettos In German-occupied Poland
Ghettos were established by Nazi Germany in hundreds of locations across occupied Poland after the German invasion of Poland.Yitzhak Arad, ''Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka.'' Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1987.''Biuletyn Głównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce,'' Wydawnictwo Prawnicze, 1960. Most ghettos were established between October 1939 and July 1942 in order to confine and segregate Poland's Jewish population of about 3.5 million for the purpose of persecution, terror, and exploitation. In smaller towns, ghettos often served as staging points for Jewish and mass deportation actions, while in the urban centers they resembled walled-off prison-islands described by some historians as little more than instruments of "slow, passive murder", with dead bodies littering the streets. In most cases, the larger ghettos did not correspond to traditional Jewish neighborhoods, and non-Jewish Poles and members of other ethnic groups were ord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793)
Sieradz Voivodeship (, ) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, from 1339 to the second partition of Poland in 1793. It was a part of the Greater Poland Province. The seat of the voivode was in Sieradz, while local sejmiks took place in Szadek. History The history of Sieradz Voivodeship dates back to the year 1138, when following the Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty, Poland was divided into several smaller duchies. One of them was the Duchy of Sieradz, which until the 1260s was part of the Duchy of Łęczyca. In 1290–1300, and after 1306, Sieradz was ruled by Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek, who incorporated it back into the Kingdom of Poland. In 1339, Wladyslaw Lokietek created Sieradz Voivodeship out of the former Duchy. In the west, it bordered Kalisz Voivodeship and the Duchies of Silesia; in the north, along the Ner river, it bordered Łęczyca Voivodeship; in the eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wieluń
Wieluń () is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021). The town is the seat of the Gmina Wieluń and Wieluń County, and is located within the Łódź Voivodeship. Wieluń is a capital of the historical Wieluń Land. Wieluń has a long and rich history. In the past, it used to be an important urban trade centre of the Kingdom of Poland. Several Polish kings and notables visited the town, but following the catastrophic Swedish Deluge (1655–1660), Wieluń declined and never regained its status. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, it was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Bombing of Wieluń is considered to be the first World War II bombing in Europe. It killed at least 127 civilians, injured hundreds more and destroyed the majority of the town. Origin of the name Wieluń was first mentioned in a 1282 document as the town of Velun (in 1283: Vilin). The exact origin of the name has not been explained. Historians claim that either it com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Sovereign States
The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty. The 205 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations System: 193 member states of the United Nations, UN member states, two United Nations General Assembly observers#Current non-member observers, UN General Assembly non-member observer states, and ten other states. The ''sovereignty dispute'' column indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (188 states, of which there are 187 UN member states and one UN General Assembly non-member observer state), states having disputed sovereignty (15 states, of which there are six UN member states, one UN General Assembly non-member observer state, and eight de facto states), and states having a political status of the Cook Islands and Niue, special political status (two states, both in associated state, free association with New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labour Under German Rule During World War II
The use of Slavery, slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany () and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale. It was a vital part of the Economics of fascism#Political economy of Nazi Germany, German economic exploitation of conquered territories. It also contributed to the mass extermination of populations in occupied Europe. The Germans abducted approximately 12million people from almost twenty European countries; about two thirds came from Central Europe and Eastern Europe.Part1 an Part 2 . Many workers died as a result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chełmno Extermination Camp
Chełmno, or Kulmhof, was the first of Nazi Germany's extermination camps and was situated north of Łódź, near the village of Chełmno nad Nerem. Following the invasion of Poland in 1939, Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, Germany annexed the area into the new territory of Reichsgau Wartheland. The camp, which was specifically intended for no other purpose than mass murder, operated from , to , parallel to Operation Reinhard during the deadliest phase of the Holocaust, and again from , to , during the Soviet counter-offensive. In 1943, modifications were made to the camp's killing methods as the reception building had already been dismantled. At the very minimum, 152,000 people were murdered in the camp, which would make it the fifth deadliest extermination camp, after Auschwitz, Treblinka, Bełżec extermination camp, Bełżec, and Sobibor extermination camp, Sobibór. However, the West German prosecution, citing Nazi figures during the Chełmno trials of 1962–65, laid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expulsion Of Poles By Nazi Germany
The Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany during World War II was a massive operation consisting of the forced resettlement of over 1.7 million Polish people, Poles from the territories of Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), German-occupied Poland, with the aim of their Germanisation in Poland (1939–1945), Germanization (see ''Lebensraum'') between 1939 and 1944. The German Government had plans for the extensive Settler colonialism, colonisation of territories of occupied Poland, which were annexed directly into Nazi Germany in 1939. Eventually these plans grew bigger to include parts of the General Government. The region was to become a "purely German area" within 15–20 years, as explained by Adolf Hitler in March 1941. By that time the General Government was to be cleared of 15 million Polish nationals, and resettled by 4–5 million ethnic Germans. The operation was the culmination of the expulsion of Poles by Germany carried out since the 19th century, when Poland was Parti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The Capital of Germany, nation's capital and List of cities in Germany by population, most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in the territory of modern Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic peoples, Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
