Paimpol–Bréhat Tidal Farm
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Paimpol–Bréhat Tidal Farm
The Paimpol–Bréhat tidal farm is a tidal stream turbine demonstration site, located northeast of ÃŽle-de-Bréhat near Paimpol, Brittany, France. It was initially developed by Électricité de France (EdF), initiated in 2004 and construction work began in 2008, but the project was subsequently cancelled by EdF in 2018. This project was to use OpenHydro turbines, with two briefly installed in 2016, but they were later removed. Paimpol–Bréhat is now used as a test site, owned by EdF and managed with support from Seeneoh and Bretagne Ocean Power. In September 2022, the 2 MW three-phase AC grid connection was upgraded, allowing devices to be connected above the water without the need for divers. The test site is about 10 km offshore and covers a rectangular area approximately 140 m × 250 m. Water depths vary across the site at 26 m to 42 m below LAT, with a tidal range of about 11.5 m. Telemac 2D modelling gives a depth averaged velocity o ...
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Île-de-Bréhat
Bréhat (, ; ) is an island and ''commune'' located near Paimpol, a mile off the northern coast of Brittany. Administratively, it is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in northwestern France. Bréhat is actually an archipelago composed of two main islands, separated only at high tide, and many smaller ones. It is famous for its pink granite rocks, very mild micro-climate and Mediterranean vegetation, due to the warm Gulf Stream coming from across the Atlantic. Many day-trippers come to Bréhat every day by the ferry service (les Vedettes de Bréhat) which sails from Pointe de l'Arcouest, to the north of Paimpol, taking about 10 minutes. They come to visit the main tourist attractions, the Paon and Rosedo lighthouses, the St-Michel chapel, the Guerzido beach, the Birlot rwater-mill and the Verrerie of Bréhat. In June 2023 the local municipality imposed a limit on the numbers of summer tourists, citing "overtourism". Climate Bréhat features a temperate oceanic ...
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TELEMAC
In computational fluid dynamics, TELEMAC is short for the open TELEMAC-MASCARET system, or a suite of finite element computer program owned by the Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE), part of the R&D group of Électricité de France Électricité de France SA (; ), commonly known as EDF, is a French multinational corporation, multinational electric utility company owned by the government of France. Headquartered in Paris, with €139.7 billion in sales in 2023, EDF ope .... After many years of commercial distribution, a Consortium (the TELEMAC-MASCARET Consortium) was officially created in January 2010 to organize the open source distribution of the open TELEMAC-MASCARET system now available under GPLv3. Available modules TELEMAC-2D It 2D hydrodynamics module, TELEMAC-2D, solves the so-called shallow water equations, also known as the Saint Venant equations. TELEMAC-2D solves the Saint-Venant equations using the Finite element method, finite-elemen ...
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Energy Infrastructure Completed In 2012
Energy () is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. The unit of measurement for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule (J). Forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object (for instance due to its position in a field), the elastic energy stored in a solid object, chemical energy associated with chemical reactions, the radiant energy carried by electromagnetic radiation, the internal energy contained within a thermodynamic system, and rest energy associated with an object's rest mass. These are not mutually exclusive. All living organisms constantly take in and release energy. The Earth's climate and ecosystems processes are driven primarily ...
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Direct Current
Direct current (DC) is one-directional electric current, flow of electric charge. An electrochemical cell is a prime example of DC power. Direct current may flow through a conductor (material), conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, electrical insulation, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron beam, electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A archaism, term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current. The abbreviations ''AC'' and ''DC'' are often used to mean simply ''alternating'' and ''direct'', as when they modify ''Electric current, current'' or ''voltage''. Direct current may be converted from an alternating current supply by use of a rectifier, which contains Electronics, electronic elements (usually) or electromechanical elements (historically) that allow current to flow only in one direction. Direct current may be converted into alt ...
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PennWell Corporation
Endeavor Business Media, headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee, publishes trade publications and related websites and hosts related events. History The company was founded by Chris Ferrell, former CEO of SouthComm Communications, and others in December 2017. In January 2018, Endeavor acquired the Process Flow Network from Grand View Media. In June 2018, it acquired the remaining assets of SouthComm Communications. In November 2019, the company acquired 20 former PennWell brands from UK-based Clarion Events as well as Informa Intelligence's industry/infrastructure and transportation divisions. In April 2021, the company acquired and relaunched the LightSpec West trade show. In March 2022, the company acquired ''BUILDINGS'' and ''Interior+sources'' magazines. In April 2022, the company acquired New South Research. It also acquired Construction Business Media, publisher of ''Architectural Products'' and ''Architectural SSL'' magazines. In May 2022, the company acquired Putm ...
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Cherbourg-en-Cotentin
Cherbourg-en-Cotentin (, ; Norman: ''Tchidbouo'') is a port city in the department of Manche, Normandy, northwestern France, established on 1 January 2016.Arrêté préfectoral
1 December 2015
The commune takes its name from , the main town of the commune, and from the . Cherbourg is an important commercial, ferry and military port on the . Cherbourg-en-Cotentin is a
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HydroQuest
HydroQuest SAS is a French developer of vertical-axis turbines, generating electricity from river and tidal currents. The company was founded in 2010, in Meylan, Grenoble, and is based in the Inovallée science park. They have installed several small in-river turbines, in France and French Guiana. They also tested a 1 MW tidal stream turbine off the coast of Brittany from 2019 to 2021. HydroQuest and other partners are developing the 17.5 MW FloWatt project, comprising seven tidal stream turbines, expected to be built by 2027. Device concept The HydroQuest turbine is a double vertical-axis design, with counter-rotating blades inspired by Darrieus and Achard turbines. The river turbine can be adapted for most rivers with a depth of greater than . The tidal stream turbine design has two pairs of turbines stacked vertically on two parallel shafts. Each turbine has three blades, and the upper turbine is rotated 60° relative to the lower turbine, so the blades are ...
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Tide
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another. Tide tables can be used for any given locale to find the predicted times and amplitude (or " tidal range"). The predictions are influenced by many factors including the alignment of the Sun and Moon, the phase and amplitude of the tide (pattern of tides in the deep ocean), the amphidromic systems of the oceans, and the shape of the coastline and near-shore bathymetry (see '' Timing''). They are however only predictions, the actual time and height of the tide is affected by wind and atmospheric pressure. Many shorelines experience semi-diurnal tides—two nearly equal high and low tides each day. Other locations have a diurnal tide—one high and low tide each day. A "mixed tide"—two uneven magnitude tides a day—is a third regular category. ...
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Chart Datum
A chart datum is the water surface serving as origin (or coordinate surface) of depths displayed on a nautical chart and for reporting and predicting tide heights. A chart datum is generally derived from some tidal phase, in which case it is also known as a tidal datum. Common chart datums are ''lowest astronomical tide'' (LAT)Australian Bureau of MeteorologNational Tide Centre Glossary(retrieved 30 April 2013) and ''mean lower low water'' (MLLW). In non-tidal areas, e.g. the Baltic Sea, mean sea level (MSL) is used. A chart datum is a type of vertical datum and must not be confused with the horizontal datum for the chart. However, it is necessarily an equigeopotential (a water "level surface"): the chart datum is tilted across smaller to larger tidal range regions; in rivers, it is a sloping and undulating surface following the low stage. Definitions The following tidal phases are commonly used in the definition of chart datums. Lowest and highest astronomical tide ...
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Paimpol
Paimpol (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany in northwest France. It is a tourist destination, especially during the summer months when people are attracted by its port and beaches. Geography The town is located in the north of Brittany, at the western end of the bay of Saint-Brieuc, at the bottom of the bay of Paimpol. The town is on the old national road D 786, 72 mi west of Saint-Malo, 23 mi north-west of Saint-Brieuc, 21 mi east of Lannion (sub-prefecture) and 44 mi to the north-east of Morlaix . Guingamp (sub-prefecture) is 18 mi to the south, and Rennes is 88 mi to the south-east. Population Inhabitants of Paimpol are called ''paimpolais'' in French. In 1960 Paimpol absorbed the former communes Kerity and Plounez. The population data given in the table below for 1954 and earlier refer to Paimpol proper, without Kerity and Plounez. Breton language The municipality launched a linguistic plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 29 September 2008. I ...
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Three-phase Electric Power
Three-phase electric power (abbreviated 3Ï•) is a common type of alternating current (AC) used in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. It is a type of polyphase system employing three wires (or four including an optional neutral return wire) and is the most common method used by electrical grids worldwide to transfer power. Three-phase electrical power was developed in the 1880s by several people. In three-phase power, the voltage on each wire is 120 degrees phase shifted relative to each of the other wires. Because it is an AC system, it allows the voltages to be easily stepped up using transformers to high voltage for transmission and back down for distribution, giving high efficiency. A three-wire three-phase circuit is usually more economical than an equivalent two-wire single-phase circuit at the same line-to-ground voltage because it uses less conductor material to transmit a given amount of electrical power. Three-phase power is mainly used dire ...
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OpenHydro
OpenHydro Group Ltd was an Irish developer of tidal stream turbines, established in 2004. It was acquired by Naval Energies (then DCNS) in 2013, however, Naval Energies decided in July 2018 to stop developing tidal turbines and focus on floating wind turbines. The company subsequently went into liquidation with debts of about €280m. OpenHydro was based in Dublin and had a manufacturing facility in Greenore, Ireland. Naval Energies unveiled a new factory in Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, France alongside the International Conference on Ocean Energy (ICOE2018) just weeks before exiting the tidal energy market. OpenHydro developed an open-centred horizontal-axis turbine, surrounded by a ducting shroud which was claimed to have multiple benefits: increased flow through the turbine, helps align the flow through the turbine, and housed the rim-mounted direct-drive generator thus removing the need for a gearbox. Various iterations of the OpenHydro turbines were tested in Scotland, France, ...
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