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Paguroidea
Hermit crabs are anomuran decapod crustaceans of the superfamily Paguroidea that have adapted to occupy empty scavenged mollusc shells to protect their fragile exoskeletons. There are over 800 species of hermit crab, most of which possess an asymmetric abdomen concealed by a snug-fitting shell. Hermit crabs' soft (non- calcified) abdominal exoskeleton means they must occupy shelter produced by other organisms or risk being defenseless. The strong association between hermit crabs and their shelters has significantly influenced their biology. Almost 800 species carry mobile shelters (most often calcified snail shells); this protective mobility contributes to the diversity and multitude of crustaceans found in almost all marine environments. In most species, development involves metamorphosis from symmetric, free-swimming larvae to morphologically asymmetric, benthic-dwelling, shell-seeking crabs. Such physiological and behavioral extremes facilitate a transition to a sheltered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anomura
Anomura (sometimes Anomala) is a group of decapod crustaceans, including hermit crabs and others. Although the names of many anomurans include the word ''crab'', all true crabs are in the sister group to the Anomura, the Brachyura (the two groups together form the clade Meiura). Description The name Anomura derives from an old classification in which reptant decapods were divided into Macrura (long-tailed), Brachyura (short-tailed) and Anomura (differently-tailed). The alternative name Anomala reflects the unusual variety of forms in this group; whereas all crabs share some obvious similarities, the various groups of anomurans are quite dissimilar. The group has been moulded by several instances of carcinisation – the development of a crab-like body form. Thus, the king crabs (Lithodidae), porcelain crabs (Porcellanidae) and hairy stone crab (Lomisidae) are all separate instances of carcinisation. As decapods (meaning ''ten-legged''), anomurans have ten pereiopods, but the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pylojacquesidae
The Pylojacquesidae are a small family of hermit crabs, comprising only two species in two genera. The family was erected in 2001, after two specimens at ' at the were recognised as being quite distinct from other described hermit crabs. The family members differ from other hermit crabs in that their mandibles are chitinous and toothed. ''Pylojacquesia colemani'' ''Pylojacquesia colemani'' was described in 2001, based on two specimens discovered in the (natural history museum) at the . The specimens had been collected in 1875 by the S.M.S. ''Gazelle'' at in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Brisbane, Australia. It lives in the tubes secreted by serpulid worms of the genus ''Protula'' (Annelida: Serpulidae) in sandy areas of the continental shelf. The specific epithet commemorates Charles Oliver Coleman, curator of Crustacea at the . ''Lemaitreopsis holmi'' ''Lemaitreopsis holmi'' was described in 2007, based on a single female collected on September 20, 1986, at near the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pylochelidae
The Pylochelidae are a family of hermit crabs. Its members are commonly called the 'symmetrical hermit crabs'. They live in all the world's oceans, except the Arctic and the Antarctic, at depths of . Due to their cryptic nature and relative scarcity, only around 60 specimens had been collected before 1987, when a monograph was published detailing a further 400. Description Unlike other hermit crabs, pylochelid hermit crabs are not markedly asymmetrical, with a straight body and equal numbers of appendages on both sides. This characteristic, together with the partial calcification of the abdomen (which is soft in other hermit crabs) led Edward J. Miers, when describing the first species, to consider it to represent a transition between hermit crabs and "Macrura" (long-tailed decapods, such as lobsters and shrimp). Correspondingly, pylochelid hermit crabs do not usually inhabit gastropod shells, but instead withdraw into decayed pieces of wood, stones, tusk shells (especially De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decapoda
The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is estimated to contain nearly 15,000 species in around 2,700 genera, with around 3,300 fossil species. Nearly half of these species are crabs, with the shrimp (about 3,000 species) and Anomura including hermit crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters (about 2500 species) making up the bulk of the remainder. The earliest fossil decapod is the Devonian '' Palaeopalaemon''. Anatomy Decapods can have as many as 38 appendages, arranged in one pair per body segment. As the name Decapoda (from the Greek , ', "ten", and , '' -pod'', "foot") implies, ten of these appendages are considered legs. They are the pereiopods, found on the last five thoracic segments. In many decapods, one pair of these "legs" has enlarged pincers, called chelae, with the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coenobitidae
The Coenobitidae are the family of terrestrial hermit crabs, widely known for their land-living habits as adults. They are found in coastal tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ... regions around the world and require access to the ocean to breed. Although coenobitids are fully terrestrial as adults, they spend their marine life as planktonic larvae. Female coenobitids return to the sea to hatch their eggs and their larvae develop through planktonic zoeal stages to a megalopa, in a similar way as the marine hermit crabs. Just like these species, after settlement, terrestrial hermit crabs megalopae recognize and co-opt gastropods shells, before migrating into the land and molting to the first crab stage. The 17 species are placed in two genera: References * Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diogenidae
The Diogenidae are a family of hermit crabs, sometimes known as "left-handed hermit crabs" because in contrast to most other hermit crabs, its left chela (claw) is enlarged instead of the right. It comprises 429 extant species, and a further 46 extinct species, making it the second-largest family of marine hermit crabs, after the Paguridae. Genera *'' Allodardanus'' Haig & Provenzano, 1965 *''Aniculus'' Dana, 1852 *'' Areopaguristes'' Rahayu & McLaughlin, 2010 *'' Annuntidiogenes'' † Fraaije, Van Bakel, Jagt & Artal, 2008 *'' Bathynarius'' Forest, 1989 *''Calcinus'' Dana, 1851 *'' Cancellus'' H. Milne-Edwards, 1836 *'' Ciliopagurus'' Forest, 1995 *'' Clibanarius'' Dana, 1852 *'' Dardanus'' Paul’son, 1875 *''Diogenes'' Dana, 1851 *'' Eocalcinus'' † Vía, 1959 *'' Isocheles'' Stimpson, 1858 *'' Loxopagurus'' Forest, 1964 *'' Paguristes'' Dana, 1851 *''Paguropsis'' Henderson, 1888 *'' Parapaguristes'' † Bishop, 1986 *'' Petrochirus'' Stimpson, 1858 *'' Pseudopaguristes'' M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paguridae
The Paguridae are a family of hermit crabs of the order Decapoda. This family contains 542 species in over 70 genera:. The king crabs, Lithodoidea, are now widely undestood to be derived from deep within the Paguridae, with some authors placing their ancestors within the genus Pagurus. *'' Acanthopagurus'' de Saint Laurent, 1968 *'' Agaricochirus'' McLaughlin, 1981 *'' Alainopaguroides'' McLaughlin, 1997 *'' Alainopagurus'' Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1995 *'' Alloeopagurodes'' Komai, 1998 *'' Anapagrides'' de Saint Laurent-Dechance, 1966 *'' Anapagurus'' Henderson, 1886 *'' Anisopagurus'' McLaughlin, 1981 *'' Bathiopagurus'' McLaughlin, 2003 *'' Bathypaguropsis'' McLaughlin, 1994 *'' Benthopagurus'' Wass, 1963 *'' Boninpagurus'' Asakura & Tachikawa, 2004 *'' Bythiopagurus'' McLaughlin, 2003 *'' Catapaguroides'' A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 *'' Catapaguropsis'' Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2006 *'' Catapagurus'' A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 *'' Ceratopagurus'' Yokoya, 1933 *'' Cestopagurus'' B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pagurus Bernhardus
''Pagurus bernhardus'' is the common marine hermit crab of Europe's Atlantic coasts. It is sometimes referred to as the common hermit crab or soldier crab. Its carapace reaches long, and is found in both rocky and sandy areas, from the Arctic waters of Iceland, Svalbard and Russia as far south as southern Portugal, but its range does not extend as far as the Mediterranean Sea. It can be found in pools on the upper shore and at the mean tide level down to a depth of approximately , with smaller specimens generally found in rock pools around the middle shore and lower shore regions, with larger individuals at depth. ''P. bernhardus'' is an omnivorous detritivore that opportunistically scavenges for carrion, and which can also filter feed when necessary. ''Pagurus bernhardus'' uses shells of a number of gastropod species for protection, including '' Littorina littorea'', '' Littorina obtusata'', ''Nassarius reticulatus'', '' Gibbula umbilicalis'', '' Nucella lapillus'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dardanus Calidus
''Dardanus calidus'' is a species of hermit crab from the East Atlantic (Portugal to Senegal) and Mediterranean Sea. Description ''D. calidus'' can grow to a length of . It uses large gastropod shells, such as those of '' Tonna galea'' and ''Charonia'' species, which it often decorates with one or more sea anemones of the species ''Calliactis parasitica''. The relationship with the anemone is truly symbiotic, since the anemone gains scraps of food from the hermit crab, while the crab benefits from the anemone's stinging tentacles deterring predators. Distribution and ecology ''Dardanus calidus'' is a scavenger, feeding on decaying matter from the sea bed. It has been collected from depths greater than , but is more typically found in shallower water. Taxonomic history ''Dardanus calidus'' was first described by Antoine Risso in 1827, under the name ''Pagurus calidus'', and was transferred to the genus '' Dardanus'' by Jacques Forest in 1958. The larval form ''Glaucothoë ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parapaguridae
The Parapaguridae are a family of marine hermit crabs from deep waters. Instead of carrying empty gastropod shells like other hermit crabs, they carry colonies of dozen or more sea anemones or zoanthids. Some genera, such as '' Bivalvopagurus'' and '' Tylaspis'', do not inhabit shells. The following genera are included: *'' Bivalvopagurus'' Lemaitre, 1993 *''Oncopagurus'' Lemaitre, 1996 *''Paragiopagurus'' Lemaitre, 1996 *'' Parapagurus'' Smith, 1879 *'' Probeebei'' Boone, 1926 *''Strobopagurus ''Strobopagurus'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Parapaguridae which contains three species. The species within this genus live in ocean The ocean (also the sea or the world ocean) is the body of salt water that covers approx ...'' Lemaitre, 1989 *'' Sympagurus'' Smith, 1883 *'' Tsunogaipagurus'' Osawa, 1995 *'' Tylaspis'' Henderson, 1885 *'' Typhlopagurus'' de Saint Laurent, 1972 References External links * Hermit crabs Terrestrial crustaceans Taxa name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcinidae
Calcinidae is a family of aquatic hermit crab of the superfamily Paguroidea. The following genera are currently accepted within Calcinidae'':'' * '' Allodardanus'' Haig & Provenzano, 1965 * ''Aniculus'' Dana, 1852 * '' Bathynarius'' Forest, 1989 * ''Calcinus ''Calcinus'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae, containing the following species: *'' Calcinus albengai'' Poupin & Lemaitre, 2003 *''Calcinus anani'' Poupin & McLaughlin, 1998 *'' Calcinus argus'' Wooster, 1984 *'' Calcinus cal ...'' Dana, 1851 * '' Ciliopagurus'' Forest, 1995 * '' Dardanus'' Paulson, 1875 * '' Trizopagurus'' Forest, 1952 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q112477726 Hermit crabs Crustaceans described in 2017 Decapod families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bivalve
Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bivalves have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs, like the radula and the odontophore. They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater. The majority are filter feeders. The gills have evolved into ctenidia, specialised organs for feeding and breathing. Most bivalves bury themselves in sediment, where they are relatively safe from predation. Others lie on the sea floor or attach themselves to rocks or other hard surfaces. Some bivalves, such as the scallops and file shells, can swim. The shipworms bore into wood, clay, or stone and live inside these substances. The shell of a bivalve is composed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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