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Orcuttia
''Orcuttia'' is a genus of grass in the family Poaceae. Plants grow up to tall, usually with many stems emerging from the base of the plant, and forming a tuft. The spikelets (groups of flowers) are several-flowered, with reduced upper florets. The lemma tips have between two and five teeth. Described in 1886, the genus contains five species native to California and Baja California. All plants are associated with vernal pools. Plants sprout when the pools are full but grow and flower after the pool bed has dried. These annual grasses, known generally as Orcutt grass, are all rare and federally protected in the United States. Taxonomy ''Orcuttia'' was circumscribed by George Vasey in 1886, based on a collection of ''O. californica'' made by Californian botanist Charles Russell Orcutt, for whom the genus is named. The type locality was near San Quintin Bay in Baja California. ''O. californica'' was not collected again until 1922. ''Orcuttia greenei'' was described ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orcuttia Californica
''Orcuttia californica'' is a rare species of Poaceae, grass known by the common name California Orcutt grass. Distribution It is native to southern California and northern Baja California, where it grows in scattered locations in vernal pool habitat. In 1993 it was known from fewer than 20 occurrences, including those at the Santa Rosa Plateau, a creek drainage near Hemet, California, Hemet, Otay Mesa, San Diego, California, Otay Mesa in San Diego County, California, San Diego County, and one spot in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, Woodland Hills. ''Orcuttia californica'' is a federally listed endangered species, and its existence is still threatened by the disappearance of vernal pools in the region, a naturally rare habitat type that has been reduced further by urban development.USFWSDetermination of endangered status for three vernal pool plants and the Riverside fairy shrimp ''Federal Register'' August 3, 1993. Description ''Orcuttia californica'' is a small, hairy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orcuttia Viscida
''Orcuttia viscida'' is a rare species of grass known by the common name Sacramento Orcutt grass. Distribution It is endemic to Sacramento County, California, where it grows only in vernal pools, a rare and declining type of habitat. As of 1997, two of the nine known populations had been extirpated as habitat has been consumed for urban development, and it was federally listed as an endangered species.USFWSDetermination of endangered status for three plants and threatened status for five plants from vernal pools in the Central Valley of California ''Federal Register'' March 26, 1997. Since its listing, one additional occurrence of the plant has been discovered, for a total of eight extant populations.USFWSFinal designation of critical habitat for four vernal pool crustaceans and eleven vernal pool plants in California and southern Oregon.''Federal Register'' August 6, 2003. Description ''Orcuttia viscida'' is a small, hairy, aromatic annual grass forming sticky, glandular tufts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orcuttia Inaequalis
''Orcuttia inaequalis'' is a rare species of grass known by the common name San Joaquin Valley Orcutt grass. Distribution It is endemic to the Central Valley of California, where it grows only in vernal pools, a rare and declining type of habitat. Many known occurrences of the plant have been extirpated as land in the heavily agricultural Central Valley has been altered, and it was federally listed as a threatened species in 1997. Description ''Orcuttia inaequalis'' is a small, hairy, gray-green annual bunchgrass forming tufts or mats up to about 15 centimeters tall. The fluffy, clustered inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphology (biology), Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of sperma ... is a dense, headlike mass of spikelets, the characteristic that separates this Orcutt grass from the others, which have more spr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuctoria
''Tuctoria'' is a genus of three species of grass in the family Poaceae. Spiralgrass is a common name for plants in this genus. These are bunchgrass species that are found in vernal pools of central California and Baja California, Mexico. The plants are annuals that germinate under water in the spring and grow submerged for weeks. After the pools dry down, the grasses initiate a new set of foliage that lasts for one to two months until flowering and fruiting are complete. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by John R. Reeder in 1982. Along with ''Orcuttia'' and '' Neostapfia'', ''Tuctoria'' is one of three genera in the tribe Orcuttieae, previously outlined by Reeder in 1965. All three ''Tuctoria'' species were formerly assigned to ''Orcuttia'', the type genus of Orcuttieae. Reeder erected ''Tuctoria'' after determining that the three species were more closely related among themselves than to any of the other ''Orcuttia'' species. Shared features include chromosome numbers, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orcuttia Tenuis
''Orcuttia tenuis'', the slender Orcutt grass, is a species of grass which is endemic to northern California. Description It grows in vernal pool habitat in the western and northern foothills surrounding the Sacramento Valley. ''Orcuttia tenuis'' is a federally listed threatened species Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of '' critical depen .... External linksJepson Manual Treatment - 'Orcuttia tenuis'' tenuis [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Russell Orcutt
Charles Russell Orcutt or C.R. Orcutt (born 27 April 1864 in Hartland, Vermont; died in Haiti 25 August 1929) was a noted naturalist sometimes called "cactus man" because on many expeditions he found new species of cacti. He was active in the San Diego Society of Natural History, promoting the foundation of a local natural history museum, now the San Diego Natural History Museum. He edited the ''American Botanist'' (1898-1900), ''American Plants'' (1907-1910), and ''Western Scientist'' (1884-1919) and in his collecting work, made contributions to the fields of botany and malacology. Biography Orcutt was the eldest of five children of Herman Chandler Orcutt and Eliza Eastin Gray Orcutt. In 1879, the Orcutt family moved to San Diego, where his father, a horticulturalist, opened a nursery near the ruins of the San Diego Mission de Alcalá. Orcutt worked with his father, collecting plant specimens in the San Diego area and Baja California. He traveled there with Charles Christopher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vernal Pool
Vernal pools, also called vernal ponds or ephemeral pools, are seasonal pools of water that provide habitat for distinctive plants and animals. They are considered to be a distinctive type of wetland usually devoid of fish, and thus allow the safe development of natal amphibian and insect species unable to withstand competition or predation by fish. Certain tropical fish lineages (such as killifishes) have however adapted to this habitat specifically. Vernal pools are a type of wetland. They can be surrounded by many communities/species including deciduous forest, grassland, lodgepole pine forest, blue oak woodland, sagebrush steppe, succulent coastal scrub and prairie. These pools are characteristic of Mediterranean climates, but occur in many other ecosystems. Generation and annual development During most years, a vernal pool basin will experience inundation from rain/precipitation, followed by desiccation from evapotranspiration. These conditions are commonly associated wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lemma (botany)
A spikelet, in botany, describes the typical arrangement of the flowers of grasses, sedges and some other Monocots. Each spikelet has one or more florets. The spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes. The part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla. In grasses In Poaceae, the grass family, a spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer) bracts at the base, called glumes, followed by one or more florets. A floret consists of the flower surrounded by two bracts, one external—the lemma—and one internal—the palea. The perianth is reduced to two scales, called lodicules, that expand and contract to spread the lemma and palea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals. The flowers are usually hermaphroditic—maize being an important exception—and mainly anemophilous or wind-pollinated, although insects occasionally play a role. Lemma Lemma is a phytomorphological term referring to a part of the spikelet. It is the lowerm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus '' Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caryopsis
In botany, a caryopsis (plural caryopses) is a type of simple fruit—one that is monocarpellate (formed from a single carpel) and indehiscent (not opening at maturity) and resembles an achene, except that in a caryopsis the pericarp is fused with the thin seed coat. The caryopsis is popularly called a grain and is the fruit typical of the family Poaceae (or Gramineae), which includes wheat, rice, and corn. The term ''grain'' is also used in a more general sense as synonymous with cereal (as in "cereal grains", which include some non-Poaceae). Considering that the fruit wall and the seed are intimately fused into a single unit, and the caryopsis or grain is a dry fruit, little concern is given to technically separating the terms ''fruit'' and ''seed'' in these plant structures. In many grains, the " hulls" to be separated before processing are flower bracts. Etymology The name "caryopsis" is derived from the Greek words ''karyon'' and ''-opsis'', meaning "nut" and "ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovary (plants)
In the flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. Specifically, it is the part of the pistil which holds the ovule(s) and is located above or below or at the point of connection with the base of the petals and sepals. The pistil may be made up of one carpel or of several fused carpels (e.g. dicarpel or tricarpel), and therefore the ovary can contain part of one carpel or parts of several fused carpels. Above the ovary is the style and the stigma, which is where the pollen lands and germinates to grow down through the style to the ovary, and, for each individual pollen grain, to fertilize one individual ovule. Some wind pollinated flowers have much reduced and modified ovaries. Fruits A fruit is the mature, ripened ovary of a flower following double fertilization in an angiosperm. Because gymnosperms do not have an ovary but reproduce through double fertilization of unprotected ovules, they produce naked seeds that d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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