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Operation Nordmark
Operation Nordmark ( also : operation 'Kirkwall' ) was a sortie of the German fleet directed against British shipping between Norway and Shetland between 18 and 20 February 1940. Background In retaliation for the Altmark incident the Germans wanted to strike British shipping between Norway and Shetland. It was also hoped that it would help and encourage German ships abroad to run the British blockade and to return home. The operation would also cover the return of the Altmark to Germany, since the Germans did not knew at the time the tanker was beached and could not sail yet. Sortie The German batlle fleet consisting of battleships ''Scharnhorst'' and ''Gneisenau'', the heavy cruiser ''Admiral Hipper'' and the destroyers ''Karl Galster'' and ''Wilhelm Heidkamp'' left Wilhemshaven on 18 February 1940 into the North Sea off Bergen, Norway. A third destroyer, ''Wolfgang Zenker'', was forced to turn back after sustaining damage from ice. The ships operated under the ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Marschall
Wilhelm Marschall (30 September 1886 – 20 March 1976) was a German admiral during World War II. He was also a recipient of the ''Pour le Mérite'' which he received as commander of the German U-boat during World War I. The ''Pour le Mérite'' was the Kingdom of Prussias highest military order for German officers until the end of World War I. Biography Marschall was born in Augsburg, Kingdom of Bavaria, in 1886. In 1906, he entered the Kaiserliche Marine as a Seekadett. During World War I he served as a watch officer on . In 1916, he was trained as a U-boat commander and captained both and by war's end. He sank 41 merchant ships and two troopships, for a total of 119,170 GRT, and was awarded the Pour la Mérite, Germany's highest military honour. While in the Reichsmarine, Marschall served primarily as a ''Vermessungsoffizier'' (surveying officer) and in different staff positions. At the end of 1934 he became commander of the pocket battleship ''Admiral Scheer''. As a Kont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shetland Islands
Shetland, also called the Shetland Islands and formerly Zetland, is a subarctic archipelago in Scotland lying between Orkney, the Faroe Islands and Norway. It is the northernmost region of the United Kingdom. The islands lie about to the northeast of Orkney, from mainland Scotland and west of Norway. They form part of the border between the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the North Sea to the east. Their total area is ,Shetland Islands Council (2012) p. 4 and the population totalled 22,920 in 2019. The islands comprise the Shetland constituency of the Scottish Parliament. The local authority, the Shetland Islands Council, is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. The islands' administrative centre and only burgh is Lerwick, which has been the capital of Shetland since 1708, before which time the capital was Scalloway. The archipelago has an oceanic climate, complex geology, rugged coastline, and many low, rolling hills. The largest island, known as " the Mainland", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orkney Islands
Orkney (; sco, Orkney; on, Orkneyjar; nrn, Orknøjar), also known as the Orkney Islands, is an archipelago in the Northern Isles of Scotland, situated off the north coast of the island of Great Britain. Orkney is 10 miles (16 km) north of the coast of Caithness and has about 70 islands, of which 20 are inhabited. The largest island, the Mainland, has an area of , making it the sixth-largest Scottish island and the tenth-largest island in the British Isles. Orkney’s largest settlement, and also its administrative centre, is Kirkwall. Orkney is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, as well as a constituency of the Scottish Parliament, a lieutenancy area, and an historic county. The local council is Orkney Islands Council, one of only three councils in Scotland with a majority of elected members who are independents. The islands have been inhabited for at least years, originally occupied by Mesolithic and Neolithic tribes and then by the Picts. Orkney wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Daring (H16)
HMS ''Daring'' was a D-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s. The ship spent the bulk of her career on the China Station. She was briefly commanded by Louis Mountbatten before World War II. ''Daring'' escorted convoys in the Red Sea in October–November 1939 and then returned to the UK in January 1940 for the first time in five years. While escorting a convoy from Norway, she was sunk by the in February 1940. Description ''Daring'' displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts, which developed a total of and gave a maximum speed of . Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers. ''Daring'' carried a maximum of of fuel oil that gave her a range of at . The ship's complement was 145 officers and men.Whitley, p. 102 The ship mounted four 45-calibre 4.7-inch Mk IX guns in singl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skagerrak
The Skagerrak (, , ) is a strait running between the Jutland peninsula of Denmark, the southeast coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden, connecting the North Sea and the Kattegat sea area through the Danish Straits to the Baltic Sea. The Skagerrak contains some of the busiest shipping routes in the world, with vessels from every corner of the globe. It also supports an intensive fishing industry. The ecosystem is strained and negatively affected by direct human activities. Oslo and Gothenburg are the only large cities in the Skagerrak region. Name The meaning of ''Skagerrak'' is most likely the Skagen Channel/Strait. Skagen is a town near the northern cape of Denmark (The Skaw). ''Rak'' means 'straight waterway' (compare the Damrak in Amsterdam); it is cognate with ''reach''.Nudansk Ordbog (1993), 15th edition, 2nd reprint, Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag, entry ''Skagerrak''. The ultimate source of this syllable is the Proto-Indo-European root *reg-, 'straight'. ''Rak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than long and wide, covering . It hosts key north European shipping lanes and is a major fishery. The coast is a popular destination for recreation and tourism in bordering countries, and a rich source of energy resources, including wind energy, wind and wave power. The North Sea has featured prominently in geopolitical and military affairs, particularly in Northern Europe, from the Middle Ages to the modern era. It was also important globally through the power northern Europeans projected worldwide during much of the Middle Ages and into the modern era. The North Sea was the centre of the Viking Age, Vikings' rise. The Hanseatic League, the Dutch Golden Age, Dutch Republic, and the Kingdom of Grea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Torpedo Boat Luchs
''Luchs'' was the fourth of six Type 24 torpedo boats built for the German Navy (initially called the ''Reichsmarine'' and then renamed as the ''Kriegsmarine'' in 1935) during the 1920s. The boat made multiple non-intervention patrols during the Spanish Civil War in the late 1930s. During World War II, she played a minor role in the Battle of Kristiansand during the Norwegian Campaign of 1940. ''Luchs'' was sunk in Norwegian waters in July by either a British submarine or a floating mine. Design and armament Derived from the preceding Type 23 torpedo boat, the Type 24 was slightly larger and faster, but had a similar armament.Gröner, p. 191 The boats had an overall length of and were long at the waterline. They had a beam of , and a mean draft of . The Type 24s displaced at standard load and at deep load. ''Wolf''s pair of Brown-Boveri geared steam turbine sets, each driving one propeller, were designed to produce using steam from three water-tube boilers which would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Torpedo Boat Seeadler
''Seeadler'' was the second of six Type 23 torpedo boats built for the German Navy (initially called the ''Reichsmarine'' and then renamed as the '' Kriegsmarine'' in 1935). The boat made multiple non-intervention patrols during the Spanish Civil War in the late 1930s. During World War II, she played a minor role in the Battle of Kristiansand during the Norwegian Campaign of 1940. ''Seeadler'' spent the next couple of years escorting minelayers as they laid minefields and laying minefields herself. She also spent the latter half of 1941 escorting convoys through the Skaggerak. The boat returned to France in 1942 and was one of the escorts for the capital ships sailing from France to Germany through the English Channel in the Channel Dash. ''Seeadler'' then helped to escort one commerce raider through the Channel and was sunk by British forces while escorting another blockade runner in May. Design and armament Derived from the World War I-era large torpedo boat ,)., group=Note t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Destroyer Z7 Hermann Schoemann
Z7 ''Hermann Schoemann'' was a built for Nazi Germany's '' Kriegsmarine'' in the mid-1930s. The ship was plagued by machinery problems for most of her life and was under repair when the Second World War began in September 1939. She covered her sister ships over the next few months as they laid offensive minefields in English waters in late 1939 – early 1940. ''Hermann Schoemann'' played a minor role in the Norwegian Campaign as engine problems limited her availability throughout 1940 and for most of 1941. She was transferred to France in early 1942 to escort two battleships and a heavy cruiser home to Germany through the English Channel in the Channel Dash. The ship was then transferred to Norway where she participated in Operation Sportpalast (Sports Palace), an unsuccessful attempt to intercept Convoy QP 8 returning from Russia. Another unsuccessful intercept was made in early April before the Germans were successful with Convoy QP 11 at the end of the month. The conv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Destroyer Z6 Theodor Riedel
The German destroyer ''Z6 Theodor Riedel'' was a built for the ''Kriegsmarine'' during the mid-1930s. At the beginning of World War II in September 1939, the ship laid defensive minefields to the North Sea. She covered her sister ships over the next few months as they laid offensive minefields in English waters in late 1939–early 1940. She participated in the early stages of the Norwegian Campaign by transporting troops to the Trondheim area in early April 1940 and was transferred to France later that year where the ship covered another minelaying sortie before engine problems caused her to return to Germany in November for repairs. ''Theodor Riedel'' was badly damaged when she ran aground three days after her repairs were completed and was out of action until May 1942. The ship was transferred to Norway in 1942 and ran aground yet again as she prepared to attack one of the convoys to Russia in July. Repairs were completed in December and ''Theodor Riedel'' participated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Destroyer Z5 Paul Jacobi
Z5 ''Paul Jacobi'' was a Type 1934A destroyer built for the '' Kriegsmarine'' in the mid-1930s. The ship was being refitted when World War II began on 1 September 1939 and was tasked to inspect neutral shipping for contraband goods in the Kattegat until early 1940. She participated in the early stages of the Norwegian Campaign by transporting troops to the Trondheim area in early April 1940 and was transferred to France later that year where she made several attacks on British shipping. ''Paul Jacobi'' spent most of 1941 under repair and returned to France in early 1942 to successfully escort two German battleships and a heavy cruiser home through the English Channel (the Channel Dash). The following month, the ship helped to escort another German battleship to northern Norway and returned in May to begin another lengthy refit. ''Paul Jacobi'' spent most of 1943 inactive in the Arctic before returning to Germany in September for another refit. She was badly damaged by Allied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
