|
Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–1612)
The Ottoman–Safavid war of 1603–1612 consisted of two wars between Safavid Iran under Abbas the Great, Shah Abbas I and the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed III and his son Ahmed I. The first war began in 1603 and ended with a Safavid victory in 1612, when they regained and reestablished their suzerainty over the Caucasus and Western Iran, which had been lost at the Treaty of Constantinople (1590), Treaty of Constantinople in 1590. Course Safavid attack and early successes (1603–1604) As a result of the Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590) the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans had gained swaths of the Safavid territories in the northwest and west, including Shirvan Beylarbeylik, Shirvan, Dagestan, most of Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan, Kingdom of Kartli, Kartli, Kingdom of Kakheti, Kakheti, Luristan, and Khuzestan. Abbas I of Persia, Abbas I had recently undertaken a major reform of the Safavid army through the English gentleman of fortune Robert Shirley and the shah's favorite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman–Persian Wars
The Ottoman–Persian Wars also called the Ottoman–Iranian Wars were a series of wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar dynasties of Iran (also known as Persia) through the 16th–19th centuries. The Ottomans consolidated their control of what is today Turkey in the 15th century, and gradually came into conflict with the emerging neighboring Iranian state, led by Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty. The two states were arch rivals, and were also divided by religious grounds, the Ottomans being staunchly Sunni and the Safavids being Shia. A series of military conflicts ensued for centuries during which the two empires competed for control over eastern Anatolia, the Caucasus, and Iraq. Among the numerous treaties, the Treaty of Zuhab of 1639 is usually considered as the most significant, as it fixed present Turkey–Iran and Iraq–Iran borders. In later treaties, there were frequent references to the Treaty of Zuhab. See also * Ottoman� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allahverdi Khan
Allahverdi Khan (, ka, ალავერდი-ხანი; 1560 – June 3, 1613) was an Iranian general and statesman of Georgian origin who, initially a '' gholām'' ("military slave"), rose to high office in the Safavid state. Iskandar Beg Munshi, the Safavid court historian at the time, describes him as "one of the most powerful statesman to hold office under this dynasty", and a "man of great forbearance, modest and chaste". Shah Abbas I demonstrated his genuine respect and affection for him by personally supervising the funeral arrangements, and by going to his house the day after his death to offer his personal condolences to his family. Biography Background Allahverdi was born a Christian Georgian, surnamed Undiladze. Like many of his compatriots and fellow Christian Georgians, Armenians and Circassians, he was taken prisoner in the course of one of the Caucasian campaigns of shah Tahmasp I of Persia and converted to Islam to be trained for service in the '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed III
Mehmed III (, ''Meḥmed-i sālis''; ; 26 May 1566 – 22 December 1603) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death in 1603. Mehmed was known for ordering the execution of his brothers and leading the army in the Long Turkish War, during which the Ottoman army was victorious at the decisive Battle of Keresztes. This victory was however undermined by some military losses such as in Győr and Nikopol. He also ordered the successful quelling of the Jelali rebellions. The sultan also communicated with the court of Elizabeth I on the grounds of stronger commercial relations and in the hopes of England to ally with the Ottomans against the Spanish. Early life Mehmed was born at the Manisa Palace on 26 May 1566, during the reign of his great-grandfather, Suleiman the Magnificent. He was the son of Murad III, himself the son of Selim II, who was the son of Sultan Suleiman and Hurrem Sultan. His mother was Safiye Sultan, an Albanian from the Dukagjin Highlan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas The Great
Abbas I (; 27 January 1571 – 19 January 1629), commonly known as Abbas the Great (), was the fifth Safavid Iran, Safavid shah of Iran from 1588 to 1629. The third son of Mohammad Khodabanda, Shah Mohammad Khodabanda, he is generally considered one of the most important rulers in Iranian history and the greatest ruler of the Safavid dynasty. Although Abbas would preside over the apex of Safavid Iran's military, political and economic power, he came to the throne during a troubled time for the country. Under the ineffective rule of his father, the country was riven with discord between the different factions of the Qizilbash army, who killed Abbas' mother and elder brother. Meanwhile, Iran's main enemies, its arch-rival the Ottoman Empire and the Khanate of Bukhara, Uzbeks, exploited this political chaos to seize territory for themselves. In 1588, one of the Qizilbash leaders, Murshid Quli Khan, overthrew Shah Mohammed in a coup and placed the 16-year-old Abbas on the throne. Howe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Öküz Mehmed Pasha
"Öküz" Mehmed Pasha ("Mehmed Pasha the Ox"), also known as Kara Mehmed Pasha ("the Black") or "Kul Kıran" Mehmed Pasha ("the Disciple-breaker"), was an Ottoman Turkish statesman, administrator, and military figure of the early 17th century. He served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire twice: October 17, 1614 – November 17, 1616 (during the reign of Ahmed I, Sultan Ahmed I), and January 18, 1619 – December 23, 1619 (during the reign of Osman II).İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971 (Turkish) He also served as the List of Ottoman governors of Egypt, Ottoman governor of Egypt from 1607 to 1611. Öküz Mehmed's nickname, "Kul Kiran" (disciple-breaker), came from his success in crushing the mutiny in Ottoman Egypt, Egypt during the early 1600s. Soldiers were often known as a ''kul'', meaning disciple or acolyte in the Ottoman military context. Background Öküz Mehmed Pasha was born in the Karagümrük district of Istanbul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasuh Pasha
Nasuh Pasha was an Ottoman statesman of Albanian origin. He was grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 5 August 1611 until 17 October 1614.İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971 (Turkish) He was from Gümülcine (modern Komotini) and was a damat to the Ottoman dynasty, as he married an Ottoman princess. He was executed for corruption by Ahmed I in 1614. Biography Nasuh Paha born in Gümülcine, he was an Ottoman politician of Albanian origin. He went young to Istanbul and obtained minor assignments from the menagerie. Thanks to the support of his friend Mehmed Agha he quickly got up and was soon appointed voivod of the Qaḍāʾ of Zile, in Anatolia, and then governor of Fülek in Hungary. He married the daughter of Kurdish prince Mir Sheref becoming rich and powerful, which made him proud and cruel. In 1602 he was appointed governor of Sivas, in 1603 of Aleppo and in 1606 of Diyarbekir. In 1606, he was appointed third vizie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuyucu Murad Pasha
Kuyucu Murad Pasha (Ottoman Turkish for "Murad Pasha the Well-digger", i.e. "Gravedigger"; ; 1530 – 1611) was an Ottoman Bosnian statesman who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Ahmed I between December 9, 1606, and August 5, 1611. Maybe he was the fourth husband of Fatma Sultan, a daughter of Sultan Murad III (Ahmed I's grandfather). They married in 1611. Early life He was born in Ottoman Bosnia in 1530.Safvet Bašagić: Znameniti Hrvati Bošnjaci i Hercegovci u turskoj carevini As a young boy of South Slavic origin he was converted to Islam and went through the Devshirme conscription process. Career He was ''beylerbey'' (governor-general) of Karaman in 1585 and Cyprus before being appointed to Damascus in 1593, as well as Aleppo. Upon arriving at the port of Sidon to take up his Damascus office he was received by the Druze chieftain of the Chouf, Fakhr al-Din, who furnished him with numerous gifts. He reciprocated by appointing Fakhr al- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damat Halil Pasha
Damat Halil Pasha (died 1629, Istanbul), also known as Khalil Pasha, was an Ottoman Armenian statesman. He was grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1616–1619 and 1626–1628.İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971 (Turkish) He also served in the Ottoman Navy, and led a number of attacks including the Raid of Żejtun in Malta in 1614. Biography He was born in the village of “Fernos” (or Fırnız) near Zeytun, modern Süleymanlı, in the province of Kahramanmaraş.Aydın, M.," Halil Paşa İbn Pirî Vakfiyesi., Vakıflar Dergisi, Sayı:37, YılːHaziran 2012. URL:http://acikerisim.fsm.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11352/939/Ayd%C4%B1n.pdf?sequence=1 22 Şubat 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Erişim: 2017-02-21 Recruited as a dervish he was brought up in this condition. His brother Shahid Mehmed Pasha held high positions ( beylerbey and vizier) and this helped him to prosper. Shahid died on April ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed I
Ahmed I ( '; ; 18 April 1590 – 22 November 1617) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 to 1617. Ahmed's reign is noteworthy for marking the first breach in the Ottoman tradition of royal fratricide; henceforth, Ottoman rulers would no longer systematically execute their brothers upon accession to the throne. He is also well known for his construction of the Blue Mosque, one of the most famous mosques in Turkey. Early life Ahmed was born at the Manisa Palace, Manisa, probably on 18 April 1590, when his father Mehmed was still a prince and the governor of the Sanjak of Manisa. His mother was Handan Sultan. After his grandfather Murad III's death in 1595, his father came to Constantinople and ascended the throne as Sultan Mehmed III. Mehmed ordered the execution of his nineteen half brothers. Ahmed's elder brother Şehzade Mahmud was also executed by his father Mehmed on 7 June 1603, just before Mehmed's own death on 22 December 1603. Mahmud was buried along with hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander II Of Kakheti
Alexander II ( ka, ალექსანდრე II) (1527 – March 12, 1605) of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king ('' mepe'') of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 1574 to 1605. In spite of a precarious international situation, he managed to retain relative economic stability in his kingdom and tried to establish contacts with the Tsardom of Russia. Alexander fell victim to the Iran-sponsored coup led by his own son, Constantine I. Early reign and political alliances Alexander was a son of King Levan of Kakheti by his first wife Tinatin Gurieli. Upon Levan's death in 1574, Alexander secured his succession in a power struggle with his half-brothers – El-Mirza and Kaikhosro – and their party. He was aided by his kinsman and western neighbor, David XI of Kartli (Daud Khan), who sent auxiliary troops under the princes Bardzim Amilakhvari and Elizbar of the Ksani, and helped Alexander crush the opponents at the Battle of Torgi. Alexander II continued a traditional policy o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George X Of Kartli
George X ( ka, გიორგი X, tr; 1561 – 7 September 1606), of the Bagrationi royal dynasty, was a king (''mepe'') of the eastern Georgian kingdom of Kartli from 1599 until his death. Life George was the eldest son of Simon I of Kartli and his wife, Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti. George fought alongside his father against the Ottoman occupation forces since 1598. He held power after Simon was taken captive by the Turks at the Battle of Nakhiduri in 1599. George attempted several times, though vainly, to ransom his father (who would die as a prisoner in 1612) from captivity and even offered to the Sublime Porte his son as hostage. He soon returned to his struggle against the Ottomans and recovered Lorri in 1601. In 1602, when the Safavid shah of Persia Abbas I resumed a war against the Ottomans, George sided with the Persians and led the Georgian auxiliary troops which took part in the conquest of Erivan in 1603/1604. As a reward, Abbas I granted Giorgi X a minor posse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
