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Ostrów Mazowiecka Massacre
The Ostrów Mazowiecka massacre happened on 11 November 1939, when hundreds of Polish Jews were shot by German policemen under the orders of Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger. Preceding events The Germans invaded and occupied Poland on September 1, 1939. The country was occupied and divided between Nazi Germany, the Slovak State, and the Soviet Union. On September 10, the German army took the town of Ostrów Mazowiecka, which was home to a large Jewish population, and in the German-occupied zone. On that date 15 Jews were killed in the town by the German forces. Three days later Germans invaded the town synagogue. According to a witness account "They destroyed everything in the synagogue, they tore up sheets of paper out of the holy books and then they clung them to their cars. They cut off a Rabbi’s beard and made him wash their feet. Germans made them clean a latrine with a prayer shawl. At night, they undressed women and made them do gymnastic exercises with them." The Jewish ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrów Mazowiecka
Ostrów Mazowiecka (; ) is a town in eastern Poland with 23,486 inhabitants (2004). It is the capital of Ostrów Mazowiecka County in Masovian Voivodeship. History Ostrów was granted town rights in 1434 by Duke Bolesław IV of Warsaw. Its name comes from the Old Polish word ''ostrowa''. In 1461 a parish school was founded in the town. In 1514, Duchess Anna Radziwiłł (nobility), Anna Radziwiłł, who is commemorated in the town with a monument, established four annual fairs and a weekly market, boosting the development of Ostrów. In the 16th century Polish King Sigismund II Augustus built a residence in Ostrów. Ostrów was a Royal city in Poland, Polish royal town, administratively located in the Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795), Masovian Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. The town's inhabitants took part in the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794; however, the following year it was annexed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Quarter (diaspora)
In the Jewish diaspora, a Jewish quarter (also known as jewry, ''juiverie'', ''Judengasse'', Jewynstreet, Jewtown, Judería or proto- ghetto) is the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews. Jewish quarters, like the Jewish ghettos in Europe, were often the outgrowths of segregated ghettos instituted by the surrounding Christian or Muslim authorities. A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or neighborhood is ''"Di yiddishe gas"'' ( ), or "The Jewish quarter." While in Ladino, they are known as '' maalé yahudí'', meaning "The Jewish quarter". Many European and Near Eastern cities once had a historical Jewish quarter and some still have it. The history of the Jews in Iraq is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity c 586 BC. Iraqi Jews constitute one of the world's oldest and most historically significant Jewish communities. Arabic world From the late medieval and early modern period onwards Jews, the only remaining dhimmi, were increasingly confined to g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Masovian Voivodeship
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science, while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, whether its main aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth, or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more general sense, the term ''history'' refers not to an academic field but to the past itself, times in the past, or to individual texts about the past. Historical research relies on primary and secondary sources to reconstruct past events and validate interpretations. Source criticism is used to evaluate these sources, assessing their authenticity, content, and reliability. Historians strive to integrate the perspectives of several sources to devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
November 1939 In Europe
November is the eleventh and penultimate month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 30 days. November was the ninth month of the calendar of Romulus . November retained its name (from the Latin ''novem'' meaning "nine") when January and February were added to the Roman calendar. November is a month of late spring in the Southern Hemisphere and late autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, November in the Southern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent of May in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. In Ancient Rome, Ludi Plebeii was held from November 4–17, Epulum Jovis was held on November 13 and Brumalia celebrations began on November 24. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. November was referred to as Blōtmōnaþ by the Anglo-Saxons. Brumaire and Frimaire were the months on which November fell in the French Republican calendar. Astronomy November meteor showers include the Andromedids, which occurs from Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
