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Osorno–Llanquihue Basin
The Osorno–Llanquihue Basin () is a sedimentary basin located in south-central Chile in the forearc region of the Andes. From north to south the basin spans and area from Catamutún to Reloncaví Sound (40–42° S).Elgueta ''et al''. 2000, p. 7. The deepest part of the basin lie to the east.Elgueta ''et al''. 2000, p. 10. The lower levels of the basin are occupied by coal-bearing Cheuquemó Formation among other units while the Miocene-aged marine Santo Domingo Formation makes up much of the upper stratigraphy. The uppermost levels are made of sediments of Quaternary age of glacial, glaci-fluvial, glaci-lacustrine and volcanic character.Elgueta ''et al''. 2000, pp. 13–14. The thickness of Quaternary sediments is greater to the south reaching almost in Puerto Montt. Sediments in the western part of the basin are roughly estimated to have reached during burial and diagenesis Diagenesis () is the process of physical and chemical changes in sediments first caused by wate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osorno, Chile
Osorno (Mapuche language, Mapuche: Chauracavi) is a List of cities in Chile, city and Communes of Chile, commune in southern Chile and capital of Osorno Province in the Los Lagos Region. It had a population of 145,475, as of the 2002 census. It is located south of the national capital of Santiago, Chile, Santiago, north of the Regions of Chile, regional capital of Puerto Montt and west of the Argentina, Argentine city of San Carlos de Bariloche, connected via International Route 215 through the Cardenal Antonio Samoré Pass. It is a gateway for land access to the Zona Austral, far south regions of Aysén Region, Aysén and Magallanes Region, Magallanes, which would otherwise be accessible only by sea or air from the rest of the country. Located at the confluence of Rahue River, Rahue and Damas River (Chile), Damas River, Osorno is the main service centre of agriculture and cattle farming in the northern Los Lagos Region. The city's cultural heritage is shaped by Huilliche, Span ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forearc Basin
A forearc is a region in a subduction zone between an oceanic trench and the associated volcanic arc. Forearc regions are present along convergent margins and eponymously form 'in front of' the volcanic arcs that are characteristic of convergent plate margins. A back-arc region is the companion region behind the volcanic arc. Many forearcs have an accretionary wedge which may form a topographic ridge known as an outer arc ridge that parallels the volcanic arc. A forearc basin between the accretionary wedge and the volcanic arc can accumulate thick deposits of sediment, sometimes referred to as an outer arc trough. Due to collisional stresses as one tectonic plate subducts under another, forearc regions are sources for powerful earthquakes. Formation During subduction, an oceanic plate is thrust below another tectonic plate, which can be oceanic or continental. Water and other volatiles in the subducting plate cause flux melting in the upper mantle, creating magma that rises and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks. Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age). Historical development Catholic priest Nicholas Steno established the theoretical basis for stratigraphy when he introduced the law of superposition, the principle of original horizontality and the principle of lateral continuity in a 1669 work on the fossilization of organic remains in layers of sediment. The first practical large-scale application of stratigraphy was by William Smith in the 1790s and early 19th century. Known as the "Father of English geology", Smith recognized the significance of strata or rock layering and the importance of fossil markers for correlating strata; he created the first geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santo Domingo Formation
Santo Domingo Formation () is a mainly marine Miocene sedimentary formation located in south–central Chile.Encinas et al., 2008 The formation was defined by R. Martínez Pardo and Mario Pino in 1979 and named after the roadcut locality they studied about southeast of Valdivia. Sediments of the formation accumulated in Valdivia and Osorno–Llanquihue Basin.Elgueta ''et al.''., 2000, p.10 The formations overlie a basement consisting of metamorphic and igneous rocks, the Bahía Mansa Metamorphic Complex and Cretaceous granitoids, respectively. In parts, it further overlies the coal–bearing Pupunahue–Catamutún Formation. The sedimentary facies of the Santo Domingo Formation are composed of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone with smaller amounts of conglomerate.Elgueta ''et al.''., 2000, p.16 The formation underlies Pliocene and Quaternary sediments. Fossil content Some of the trace fossils that can be found in the Santo Domingo Formation are '' Zoophycos'' isp., ''C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene followed the Oligocene and preceded the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by distinct global events but by regionally defined transitions from the warmer Oligocene to the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, Afro-Arabia collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans, and allowing the interchange of fauna between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans and Ape, hominoids into Eurasia. During the late Miocene, the conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheuquemó Formation
Cheuquemó Formation () is a geological formation of sedimentary rock in south-central Chile. The sediments of the formation were deposited during the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene epochs. The formations lower sections are made up of conglomerate, then successions of sandstone, tuff and mudstone Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from ''shale'' by its lack of fissility.Blatt, H., and R.J. Tracy, 1996, ''Petrology.'' New York, New York, ... rich in organic material follows. The formation indicates that sedimentation occurred in an estuarine (paralic) and other non-marine (continental) environments. It contains fossils of the following genera: '' Mytilus'', '' Cardium'' and '' Turritella''. Stratigraphically it overlies the Bahía Mansa Metamorphic Complex and underlies the Miocene Santo Domingo Formation. Description The formation is very similar to the Pupunahue Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reloncaví Sound
Reloncaví Sound or ''Seno de Reloncaví'' is a body of water immediately south of Puerto Montt, a port city in the Los Lagos Region of Chile. It is the place where the Chilean Central Valley meets the Pacific Ocean. The Calbuco Archipelago comprises the islands in the sound, including Tenglo Island, Tenglo, Maillén Island, Maillén, and Huar Islands. Puluqui Island and Queulín Island separate the sound from the Gulf of Ancud. The Carretera Austral runs along the eastern shore of the sound, but is interrupted in the area where the Reloncaví Estuary opens into this wide sound. Located in this same area is the Alerce Andino National Park, home to ancient Fitzroya, alerce trees. Chamiza Wetland makes up a segment of Relonvací Sound northern shore east of Puerto Montt. There is a Ferry service available between La Arena and Puelche Fishing Creeks operated bwww.transportesdelestuario.cl References Bodies of water of Los Lagos Region Sounds of Chile Coasts of Los Lagos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catamutún
Catamutún is a coal mine and locality in Los Ríos Region, Chile.Catamutún: el negocio de la cal agrícola , ''El Austral: El Diario de Osorno''. Catamutún is located 25 km away from the city of La Unión. Coal has been mined in Los Ríos Region since the 1930s and Catamutún begun in 1945 to be exploited by ''Compañía Carbonífera San Pedro de Catamutún'', an enterprise which has since then expanded into mining. The Catamutún mine complex was as of 1990 made up of three individual mine where the same coal b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forearc
A forearc is a region in a subduction zone between an oceanic trench and the associated volcanic arc. Forearc regions are present along convergent margins and eponymously form 'in front of' the volcanic arcs that are characteristic of convergent plate margins. A back-arc region is the companion region behind the volcanic arc. Many forearcs have an accretionary wedge which may form a topographic ridge known as an outer arc ridge that parallels the volcanic arc. A forearc basin between the accretionary wedge and the volcanic arc can accumulate thick deposits of sediment, sometimes referred to as an outer arc trough. Due to collisional stresses as one tectonic plate subducts under another, forearc regions are sources for powerful earthquakes. Formation During subduction, an oceanic plate is thrust below another tectonic plate, which can be oceanic or continental. Water and other volatiles in the subducting plate cause flux melting in the upper mantle, creating magma that ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zona Sur
Zona Sur (''Southern Zone'') is one of the five natural regions on which CORFO divided continental Chile in 1950. Its northern border is formed by the Bío-Bío River, which separates it from the Central Chile Zone. The Southern Zone borders the Pacific Ocean to the west, and to the east lies the Andean mountains and Argentina. Its southern border is the Chacao Channel, which forms the boundary with the Austral Zone. While the Chiloé Archipelago belongs geographically to the Austral Zone in terms of culture and history, it lies closer to the Southern Zone. Geography Although many lakes can be found in the Andean and coastal regions of central Chile, the south (Sur de Chile) has the country's most lakes. Southern Chile stretches from below the Bío-Bío River, Río Bío-Bío at about 37° south latitude to below Chiloé Island, Isla de Chiloé at about 43.4° south latitude. In this lake district of Chile, the valley between the Andes and the Chilean Coast Range, coastal range i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sedimentary Basin
Sedimentary basins are region-scale depressions of the Earth's crust where subsidence has occurred and a thick sequence of sediments have accumulated to form a large three-dimensional body of sedimentary rock They form when long-term subsidence creates a regional depression that provides Accommodation (geology), accommodation space for accumulation of sediments. Over millions or tens or hundreds of millions of years the deposition of sediment, primarily gravity-driven transportation of water-borne eroded material, acts to fill the depression. As the sediments are buried, they are subject to increasing pressure and begin the processes of compaction (geology), compaction and lithification that transform them into sedimentary rock. Sedimentary basins are created by deformation of Earth's lithosphere in diverse geological settings, usually as a result of plate tectonics, plate tectonic activity. Mechanisms of crustal deformation that lead to subsidence and sedimentary basin formatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal Mining In Chile
In Chile, coal mining is restricted to a few places located in its southern half. Energy originating from coal stands for 11,6% of Chile's electricity consumption.Carbon . CNE. Accessed on September 10. 2012. Currently the country is not considered a major producer of coal. The three zones of mining are Zona Central Sur (36–38° S), Zona Sur (39–42° S) and Zona Austral (51–54° S) in southernmost Chile. Most of the coal resources of Chile lie in Zona Austral at southernmost Chile. Zona Central Sur Usage of coal from Bío Bío Region as fuel dates back to at least 1557 when, according to Diego de Rosales, governor García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete, García Hurtado de Mendoza stayed in Quiriquina Island.[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
