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Orphan Wells In Alberta, Canada
Orphan wells in Alberta, Canada are inactive oil or gas well sites that have no solvent owner who can be held legally or financially accountable for the decommissioning and reclamation obligations to ensure public safety and to address environmental liabilities. The 100% industry-funded Alberta Energy Regulator (AER)the sole regulator of the province's energy sectormanages licensing and enforcement related to the full lifecycle of oil and gas wells based on Alberta Environment and Protected Areas, Alberta Environment Ministry requirements, including orphan wells, orphaned and abandoned wells. Oil and gas licensees are liable for the responsible and safe closure and clean-up of their oil and gas well sites under the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) as a legal asset retirement obligation (ARO). An operator's liability for surface reclamation issues continues for 25 years following the issuance of a site reclamation certificate. There is also a lifelong liability in case of contaminat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surface Casing Vent Flow Vs Gas Migration
A surface, as the term is most generally used, is the outermost or uppermost layer of a physical object or space. It is the portion or region of the object that can first be perceived by an observer using the senses of Visual perception, sight and Somatosensory system, touch, and is the portion with which other materials first interact. The surface of an object is more than "a mere geometric solid", but is "filled with, spread over by, or suffused with perceivable qualities such as color and warmth". The concept of surface has been abstracted and formalized in mathematics, specifically in geometry. Depending on the properties on which the emphasis is given, there are several inequivalent such formalizations that are all called ''surface'', sometimes with a qualifier such as algebraic surface, smooth surface or fractal surface. The concept of surface and its mathematical abstractions are both widely used in physics, engineering, computer graphics, and many other disciplines, pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
