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Ordre National Du Mérite
The (; ) is a French order of merit with membership awarded by the President of the French Republic, founded on 3 December 1963 by President Charles de Gaulle. The reason for the order's establishment was twofold: to replace the large number of ministerial orders previously awarded by the ministries; and to create an award that can be awarded at a lower level than the Legion of Honour, which is generally reserved for French citizens. It comprises about 185,000 members; 306,000 members have been admitted or promoted in 50 years. History The comprises about 185,000 members; 306,000 members have been admitted or promoted in 50 years. Half of its recipients are required to be women. Defunct ministerial orders The replaced the following ministerial and colonial orders: Colonial orders * (Order of the Star of Anjouan, 1874) * (Order of Nishan-e-Anuar or Order of Light, 1887) * (Order of the Black Star, 1889) Special ministerial orders of merit * (Order of Societal Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sash
A sash is a large and usually colorful ribbon or band of material worn around the human body, either draping from one shoulder to the opposing hip and back up, or else encircling the waist. The sash around the waist may be worn in daily attire, but the sash from shoulder to hip is worn on ceremonial occasions only. Ceremonial sashes are also found in a V-shaped format, draping straight from both shoulders down, intersecting and forming an angle over the chest or abdomen. Military use Old Europe In the mid-and late-16th century waist and shoulder sashes came up as a mark of (high) military rank or to show personal affection to a political party or nation. During the Thirty Years' War the distinctive sash colour of the House of Habsburg was red while their French opponents wore white or blue sashes and the Swedish voted for blue sashes. Beginning from the end of the 17th century, commissioned officers in the British Army wore waist sashes of crimson silk. The original office ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles De Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the Free France, Free French Forces against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to restore democracy in France. In 1958, amid the May 1958 crisis in France, Algiers putsch, he came out of retirement when appointed Prime Minister of France, Prime Minister by President René Coty. He rewrote the Constitution of France and founded the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic after approval by 1958 French constitutional referendum, referendum. He was elected President of France later that year, a position he held until his resignation in 1969. Born in Lille, he was a decorated officer of World War I, wounded several times and taken prisoner of war (POW) by the Germans. During the interwar period, he advocated mobile armoured divisions. During the German invasion of May 1940, he led an armoured divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chancellor
Chancellor () is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings (government, education, religion). Nowadays the term is most often used to describe: *The head of the government *A person in charge of foreign affairs *A person with duties related to justice *A person in charge of financial and economic issues *The head of a university Governmental positions Head of government Austria The Chancellor of Austria ('), is the head of the Government of Austria. Since 2025, the Chancellor of Austria is Christian Stocker. Germany The Chancellor of Germany (') is the head of government in Germany. In German politics, the ' is e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of France
The Government of France (, ), officially the Government of the French Republic (, ), exercises Executive (government), executive power in France. It is composed of the Prime Minister of France, prime minister, who is the head of government, as well as both senior and junior minister (government), ministers. The Council of Ministers, the main executive organ of the government, was established in the Constitution of France, Constitution in 1958. Its members meet weekly at the Élysée Palace in Paris. The meetings are presided over by the president of France, the head of state, although the officeholder is not a member of the government. The Prime Minister may designate ministers to be titled as ministers of state (), who are the most senior, followed in protocol order by ministers (), ministers delegate (), whereas junior ministers are titled as secretaries of state (). All members of the government, who are appointed by the president following the recommendation of the prim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Master (order)
Grand Master (; ; ; ; ) is a title of the supreme head of various orders, including chivalric orders such as military orders and dynastic orders of knighthood. The title also occurs in modern civil fraternal orders such as the Freemasons, the Odd Fellows, and various other fraternities. Additionally, numerous modern self-styled orders attempt to imitate habits of the former bodies. History Medieval era In medieval military orders such as the Knights Templar or the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, the Grand Master was the formal and executive head of a military and feudal hierarchy, which can be considered a "state within the state", especially in the crusader context ''sensu lato'', notably aimed at the Holy Land or pagan territories in Eastern Europe, as well as the reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula. If an order is granted statehood and thus widely considered sovereign, the Grand Master is also its Head of State. If within the Holy Roman Empire, a Reichsfürst an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordre Du Mérite Saharien
The Ordre du Mérite Saharien (Order of Saharan Merit) was established in 1958 as a reward for social, scientific, economic or administrative services rendered by French or foreign persons who participated in the development of Saharan regions. The medal is fashioned in the form of the Agadez Cross, a traditional emblem of the Tuareg people, Tuareg clans inhabiting the area of the former Sultanate of Agadez in Agadez, Niger. The order was deprecated by decree on 3 December 1963, and superseded by the Ordre National du Mérite. Extant members of the order are permitted to wear their original decorations. Classes The Order has three classes: *''Commandeur'' (Commander) *''Officier'' (Officer) *''Chevalier'' (Knight) References * * Awards established in 1958 1963 disestablishments Orders of chivalry of France, Merite Saharien {{Orders-medals-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Civil Merit (France)
The ''Ordre du Mérite civil'' (Order of Civil Merit) of France was created on 14 October 1957 to reward individuals who have rendered services reported to the state as part of the Ministry of Interior, or to departments, municipalities and public institutions. The order is managed by the Interior minister, assisted by a Council of the Order. The Order was deprecated by decree on 3 December 1963, and superseded by the Ordre national du Mérite The (; ) is a French order of merit with membership awarded by the President of the French Republic, founded on 3 December 1963 by President Charles de Gaulle. The reason for the order's establishment was twofold: to replace the large number of .... Extant members may continue to display their decorations. Classes The Order has three classes: *''Commandeur'' (Commander) *''Officier'' (Officer) *''Chevalier'' (Knight) References * Civil Merit Civil Merit Awards established in 1957 1957 establishments in France 1963 disestabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordre Du Mérite Militaire (France)
The (Order of Military Merit) was a ministerial order of merit of France created on 22 March 1957 to recognize the contributions of active members of the military reserves during times of peace. The order was administered and awarded the Ministry of the Armed Forces (France), Ministry of Defence. The order was created to replace the established in 1934. Holders of the Cross were made members of the , bronze holders as knights, silver holders as officers, and gold holders as commanders. The Order was deprecated by decree on 3 December 1963, and superseded by the . Extant members may continue to display their decorations. Classes The Order has three classes: *''Commandeur'' (Commander) *''Officier'' (Officer) *''Chevalier'' (Knight) References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Ordre du Mérite militaire Orders of chivalry of France, Mérite militaire Civil awards and decorations of France, Mérite militaire Awards established in 1957 1957 establishments in France 1963 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordre Du Mérite Combattant
The ''Ordre du Mérite combattant'' (Order of Merit for Veterans) was a ministerial order of merit of France created on 14 September 1953 to reward individuals who distinguished themselves by their service and dedication in the management of the moral and material interests of veterans and war victims. These individuals' applicable service could be working in the Ministry of Veterans and War Victims or for organizations and associations who work for veterans. The order was administered and awarded the Ministry of Veterans and War Victims. The Order was deprecated by decree on 3 December 1963, and superseded by the Ordre national du Mérite. Extant members may continue to display and wear their decorations. Classes The Order has three classes: *''Chevalier'' (Knight), up to 150 awarded annually. Recipients must be at least 40 years old and have completed 15 years of qualifying service. *''Officier'' (Officer), up to 100 awarded annually. To be eligible for promotion to officer, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordre De La Santé Publique
The Order of Public Health (French language, French: ''Ordre de la Santé publique'') was a French order of merit, created by presidential decree of President Albert Lebrun on 18 February 1938 and amended on 22 May 1954, and awarded for services to the public health and protection of children. It was replaced by the Ordre national du Mérite in 1963. Classes The Order had three classes, and was only awarded to people who was minimum 30 years old. *Commander (40 awards) *Officer (170 awards) *Knight (806 awards) Literature *André Souyris-Rolland: ''Guide des Ordres Civil Français et Étrangers, des Médailles d'Honneur et des Médailles des Sociétés'', Paris 1979 {{DEFAULTSORT:Ordre de la Sante publique 1938 establishments in France 1963 disestablishments in France Orders of chivalry of France, Sante publique Public health in France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordre Du Mérite Social
A suite, in Western classical music, is an ordered set of instrumental or orchestral/concert band pieces. It originated in the late 14th century as a pairing of dance tunes; and grew in scope so that by the early 17th century it comprised up to five dances, sometimes with a prelude. The separate movements were often thematically and tonally linked. The term can also be used to refer to similar forms in other musical traditions, such as the Turkish fasıl and the Arab nuubaat. In the Baroque era, the suite was an important musical form, also known as ''Suite de danses'', ''Ordre'' (the term favored by François Couperin), ''Partita'', or ''Ouverture'' (after the theatrical "overture" which often included a series of dances) as with the orchestral suites of Christoph Graupner, Telemann and J.S. Bach. During the 18th century, the suite fell out of favour as a cyclical form, giving way to the symphony, sonata and concerto. It was revived in the later 19th century, but in a differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Black Star
The Order of the Black Star (''Ordre de l'Étoile Noire'') was an order of knighthood established on 1 December 1889 at Porto-Novo by Toffa, future king of Dahomey (today the Republic of Benin). Approved and recognised by the French government on 30 July 1894, after the establishment of the new statutes of 30 August 1892, according this distinction to all those who worked to develop French influence on the west coast of Africa. Classes The order has five classes: ''Grand-Croix'' (Grand Cross), ''Commandeur avec Plaque'' (Commander with Plaque), ''Commandeur'' (Commander), ''Officier'' (Officer), and ''Chevalier'' (Knight). The order was deprecated by decree on 3 December 1963, and superseded by the Ordre National du Mérite. Extant members of the order are permitted to wear their original decorations. Recipients * Grand Crosses ** Amha Selassie ** Hamengkubuwono VIII ** Edgard de Larminat ** Jean de Lattre de Tassigny ** Charles Debbas * Commanders with Plaque ** Michel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
