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Ordoño IV Of León
Ordoño IV, called the Wicked or the Bad ( 926–Córdoba (Spain), Córdoba, c. 962 or 963) was the king of León from 958 until 960, interrupting the reign of Sancho I of León, Sancho the Fat for a two-year period. He was the son of Alfonso IV of León and his queen, Onneca Sánchez of Pamplona,One modern scholar, Manuel Carriedo Tejedo ("La Version de l"Historia Silense" Sobre la Filiacion de Vermudo II" ''Tierras de León: Revista de la Diputación Provincial'', (1981) 21(44), 38-44), has argued that Ordoño IV was instead son of Galician king Alfonso Fróilaz, a paternity for Ordoño IV also favored by Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz y Menduiña, Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz. García Álvarez, "Ordoño IV" refutes this view, as does Emilio Sáez Sánchez (1947), "Sobre la Filiacion de Ordoño IV", ''Cuadernos de Estudios Gallegos'', 2, 363-75). and nephew of Ramiro II of León and of García Sánchez I of Pamplona. In 958, two years into the reign of Sancho I of León, he benefited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Leonese Monarchs
In the reign of Ordoño I of Asturias (850–866), the kingdom began to be known as that of Kingdom of León, León. In 910, an independent Kingdom of León was founded when the king of Kingdom of Asturias, Asturias divided his territory amongst his three sons. Below follows a list of Leonese monarchs. It is, in part, a continuation of the list of Asturian monarchs. Kings of León Astur-Leonese dynasty Jiménez Dynasty House of Ivrea, House of Ivrea / Burgundy The follow dynasts are descendants, in the male line, of Urraca's husband, Raymond of Burgundy. House of Trastámara Henry II, the founder of the Trastámara dynasty was installed after victory in the Castilian Civil War. Under the Trastámaras, as with the late kings of the House of Ivrea/Burgundy, Castile and León were governed together, constituting the core of the Crown of Castile. House of Habsburg Under the Hapsburgs, León continued to be governed as part of the Crown of Castile, as under the T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navarre
Navarre ( ; ; ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is a landlocked foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and New Aquitaine in France. The capital city is Pamplona (). The present-day province makes up the majority of the territory of the medieval Kingdom of Navarre, a long-standing Pyrenean kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost part, Lower Navarre, located in the southwest corner of France. Navarre is in the transition zone between the green Cantabrian Coast and semi-arid interior areas and thus its landscapes vary widely across the region. Being in a transition zone also produces a highly variable climate, with summers that are a mix of cooler spells and heat waves, and winters that are mild for the latitude. Navarre is one of the historic Basque provinces: its Basque features are conspicuous in the north, but vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
920s Births
9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding . Evolution of the Hindu–Arabic digit Circa 300 BC, as part of the Brahmi numerals, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshatrapa, Andhra and Gupta started curving the bottom vertical line coming up with a -look-alike. How the numbers got to their Gupta form is open to considerable debate. The Nagari continued the bottom stroke to make a circle and enclose the 3-look-alike, in much the same way that the sign @ encircles a lowercase ''a''. As time went on, the enclosing circle became bigger and its line continued beyond the circle downwards, as the 3-look-alike became smaller. Soon, all that was left of the 3-look-alike was a squiggle. The Arabs simply connected that squiggle to the downward stroke at the middle and subsequent European change was purely cosmetic. While the shape of the glyph for the digit 9 has an ascender in most modern typefa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of León
In the reign of Ordoño I of Asturias (850–866), the kingdom began to be known as that of León. In 910, an independent Kingdom of León was founded when the king of Asturias divided his territory amongst his three sons. Below follows a list of Leonese monarchs. It is, in part, a continuation of the list of Asturian monarchs. Kings of León Astur-Leonese dynasty Jiménez Dynasty House of Ivrea / Burgundy The follow dynasts are descendants, in the male line, of Urraca's husband, Raymond of Burgundy. House of Trastámara Henry II, the founder of the Trastámara dynasty was installed after victory in the Castilian Civil War. Under the Trastámaras, as with the late kings of the House of Ivrea/Burgundy, Castile and León were governed together, constituting the core of the Crown of Castile. House of Habsburg Under the Hapsburgs, León continued to be governed as part of the Crown of Castile, as under the Trastámaras. House of Bourbon Family t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bermudo II Of León
Bermudo (or Vermudo) II (c. 953 – September 999), called the Gouty (), was first a rival king in Galicia (982–984) and then king of the entire Kingdom of León (984–999). His reign is summed up by Justo Pérez de Urbel's description of him as "the poor king tormented in life by the sword of Almanzor and in death by the vengeful pen of a bishop." Pelagius of Oviedo (died 1153), half of whose ''Chronicon'' covers the reign of Bermudo, is highly critical of the king. He accuses Bermudo of imprisoning Bishop Gudesteus of Oviedo in the 990s and blames the attacks of Almanzor on Bermudo's sins. Reign In 982, the Galician nobility proclaimed Bermudo, a son of former king Ordoño III of León, as king in opposition to his cousin Ramiro III. This usurpation is usually seen as the extension of ongoing succession crises begun in the 950s. At the time of the usurpation Bermudo II's faction was led by Gonzalo Menéndez and that of Ramiro III by Rodrigo Velázquez. Bermudo was c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
García Sánchez II Of Pamplona
García Sánchez II (Basque: ''Gartzea II.a Santxez''; died ), was King of Pamplona and Count of Aragon from 994 until his death . He was the eldest son of Sancho II of Pamplona and Urraca Fernández and the second Pamplonese monarch to also hold the title of count of Aragon. Modern historians refer to him as ''the Tremulous'', though this appellation likely originally applied to his grandfather, García Sánchez I of Pamplona. Biography Throughout his reign, his foreign policy seems to have been closely linked to that of Castile. His mother was an aunt of count Sancho García of Castile, and also of the powerful count of Saldaña, García Gómez of Carrión, and she appears to have played a role in forming a bridge between the kingdom and county. He joined his cousin Sancho in attempting to break from the submission his father had offered to Córdoba, as a result of which he had to face Almanzor. In 996 he was forced to seek peace in Córdoba. In 997 during an exped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Hayyan
Abū Marwān Ḥayyān ibn Khalaf ibn Ḥusayn ibn Ḥayyān al-Andalusī al-Qurṭubī () (987–1075), usually known as Ibn Hayyan, was an Arab Muslim historian from Al-Andalus Al-Andalus () was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The name refers to the different Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most o .... His work provides an early reference to Viking raiders, called ''Majus'' by him. Works The following works are ascribed to Ibn Hayyan: *''Tarikh Fuqaha Qurtuba'' *''Al-Kitab al ladi Jama'a fihi bayna Kitbay al-Qubbashi wa Ibn Afif'' *''Intijab al-Jamil li Ma'athir Banu Khatab'' *''Al-Akhbar fi'l Dawla al-Amiriya'' (in 100 volumes) *''Al-Batsha al-Kubra'' (in ten volumes). *''Al-Muqtabis fi Tarikh al-Andalus'' (in ten volumes) *''Kitab al-Matin''. His best-known works are ''al-Muqtabis'' and ''al-Matin''. References *Abd al-Rahman al-Hajji (ed.), ''Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sampiro
Sampiro (''c''. 956 – 1041) was a Leonese cleric, politician, and intellectual, one of the earliest chroniclers of post-conquest Spain known by name. He was also the Bishop of Astorga from 1034 or 1035 until his death. According to some sources he was born at Iglesia del Campo in the Bierzo, near Cacabelos, at times confused with Sorribas because at the time it lay within the latter. According to other sources he was born at Zamora. Further, it is uncertain whether all contemporary references to persons named Sampiro refer to the same individual or multiple ones. As a young man Sampiro entered a monastery, either Sahagún or San Miguel de Camarzana. Later he fled to Zamora in light of raids from Muslim territory, and eventually found himself in the royal court at León. He served as a notary to Vermudo II (984–999) and held the highest office at court, that of majordomo, under Alfonso V (999–1028). He was appointed bishop of Astorga round 1034. Sampiro's chr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sancho II Of Pamplona
Sancho Garcés II (Basque: ''Antso II.a Gartzez'', c. 938 – 994), also known as Sancho II, was King of Pamplona and Count of Aragon from 970 until his death in 994. He was the eldest son of García Sánchez I of Pamplona and Andregoto Galíndez. He recognised the Kingdom of Viguera during his reign. Nickname He is sometimes referred to as Sancho ''Abarca'' by modern sources. This appellation was first applied to Sancho II by chroniclers writing centuries after his time who were confused about the succession to Pamplona, creating a single ruler out of the combined careers of Sancho II and his grandfather Sancho I of Pamplona. The weight of evidence suggests that this nickname originally applied to Sancho I. Biography Sancho Garcés was born circa 938, son of García Sánchez I of Pamplona, the second King of Pamplona from the Jiménez dynasty, and his first wife Andregoto Galíndez, daughter of Galindo Aznárez II, Count of Aragon. His maternal grandfather died w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordoño III Of León
Ordoño III (–956) was the King of León from 951 to 956, son and successor of Ramiro II (931–951). He confronted Navarre and Castile, who supported his half-brother Sancho the Fat in disputing Ordoño's claim to the throne. He also had to deal with internal rebellion, attacks from the Muslims of al-Andalus, and the rebellion of Galicia. In response to the Muslims, Ordoño III led a raid as far as Lisbon Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3,028,000 within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, metropolis, as of 2025. Lisbon is mainlan ... (955), coming back north with a very lucrative haul of loot. Faced with this great show of force, Abd-al-Rahman III (912–961) was pushed to negotiate and conclude a peace treaty with the king of León. He tried to continue the actions of his father in fortifying the land and the royal authority in the face ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliph Of Córdoba
A caliphate ( ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with Khalifa, the title of caliph (; , ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (''ummah''). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517 until the Ottoman caliphate was Abolition of the Caliphate, formally abolished as part of the Atatürk's reforms, 1924 secularisation of Turkey. An attempt to preserve the title was tried, with the Sharifian Caliphate, but this caliphate fell quickly after its conquest by the Sultanate o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medinaceli
Medinaceli () is a municipality and town in the province of Soria, in Castile and León, Spain. Built on a hilltop at about 1210 metres above sea level, the town oversees the Jalón valley. The municipality includes other villages like Torralba del Moral. The A-15 and A-2 motorways link up in the municipality. Etymology Its name derives from the Arabic , which was named after the Banu Sulaym an Arab Tribe. History Situated at the confluence of the rivers Jalón and Arbujuelo, Medinaceli was the site of the Celtiberian town known as ''Occilis'' or ''Okilis''. During the Islamic period it enjoyed the status of ''madina'' (city). In this period, the Berber Banū Salīm, a lineage of the Masmuda tribal group, installed in the area. Even after the Banū Salīm fell from grace and were routed in 920, Medinaceli retained its strategic importance for Cordobese authorities, serving as a powerbase for military operations in the north, including the campaign against Christian se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
