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Order Of Military Merit (Russia)
The Order "For Military Merit" () is a military decoration of the Russian Federation established by Decree of the President of Russia, presidential decree No. 442 of March 2, 1994 to reward military excellence. Its statute was amended three times, first on January 6, 1999, by decree No. 19, then on September 7, 2010, by decree No. 1099 which modernised the entire Russian awards system and finally on December 16, 2011, by Presidential Decree No. 1631. History By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 28, 1974, the Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" was established. The initiator of the introduction of the new award was the Minister of Defence (Soviet Union), Minister of Defense of the USSR, Marshal of the Soviet Union, Andrei Grechko. The order had three degrees and was intended to reward military personnel of the Soviet Army, Soviet Navy, Soviet Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Order Of Courage (Russia)
The Order of Courage (, ''Orden Muzhestva'') is a state decoration of the Russian Federation first established on March 2, 1994, by Presidential Decree 442 to recognise selfless acts of courage and valour. Its statute was amended three times, first on January 6, 1999, by Presidential Decree 19, again on September 7, 2010, by Presidential Decree 1099, and finally on December 16, 2011, by Presidential Decree 1631. The Order of Courage nominally replaced the Soviet Order "For Personal Courage" in the post-USSR Russian awards system. Award statute The Order of Courage is awarded to citizens of the Russian Federation who showed dedication, courage and bravery in protecting public order, fighting crime, in rescuing people during natural disasters, fires, accidents and other emergencies, as well as for bold and decisive actions committed during the performance of military or civil duties under conditions involving a risk to life. The Order of Courage may be awarded posthumously ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Flag Of Russia
The national flag of the Russia, Russian Federation (, ) is a tricolour of three equal horizontal bands: white on the top, blue in the middle, and red on the bottom. The design was first introduced by Tsar Peter the Great in 1693, and in 1705 it was adopted as the civil ensign of the Tsardom of Russia; the flag continued to be used as a civil ensign under the Russian Empire. In 1858, Emperor Alexander II of Russia, Alexander II declared the black-yellow-white flag of the Russian Empire, black-yellow-white tricolour as the national flag, and in 1896 it was replaced by the white-blue-red tricolour by Nicholas II of Russia, Nicholas II. In 1917, following the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks banned the tricolour, though it continued to be flown by the White movement during the Russian Civil War. The Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, flag of the Russian SFSR was a red field with its Cyrillic script, Cyrillic acronym "РСФСР" in the upper-left corner, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Stroganov Moscow State Academy Of Arts And Industry
Russian State University of Design and Applied Arts (Stroganov University) () informally named Stroganovka (Строгановка) is one of the oldest Russian schools for the industrial, monumental and decorative art and design. The university is named after its founder, baron Sergei Grigoriyevich Stroganov. History The school was founded in 1825 by Baron Sergey Stroganov. It specialised on the applied and decorative art. In 1843 the school became state-owned. In 1860 it was renamed Stroganov School for Technical Drawing. First Free State Art Workshops After the October Revolution the school was reorganized and became one of the SVOMAS, known as the First Free State Art Workshops. Later changes Since 1930 it became the Moscow Institute for the Decorative and Applied Arts (Московский Институт Декоративного и Прикладного Искусства), MIDIPI (МИДИПИ). In 1945, after the end of the World War II the school was restored as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Merited Artist Of The Russian Federation
Merited Artist of the Russian Federation (, ''Zasluzhenny artist Rossiyskoy Federatsii''), also known as Honored Artist of Russia, is an honorary title in the Russian Federation. The title is awarded to actors, directors, filmmakers, writers, dancers, and singers for exceptional achievements in the arts. The honorary title was originally modeled after the German honorific title for distinguished opera singers. PONS Online Dictionary Historically, the title was bestowed by princes or kings, when it was styled ''Hofkammersänger(in)''. In before 1917, several stars of stage and film were honored with the title "Imperial singer", but after the |
Russian Academy Of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals. Peter the Great established the academy (then the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences) in 1724 with guidance from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gottfried Leibniz. From its establishment, the academy benefitted from a slate of foreign scholars as professors; the academy then gained its first clear set of goals from the 1747 Charter. The academy functioned as a university and research center throughout the mid-18th century until the university was dissolved, leaving research as the main pillar of the institution. The rest of the 18th century continuing on through the 19th century consisted of many published academic works from Academy scholars and a few Academy name changes, ending as The Imperial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kremlin
The Moscow Kremlin (also the Kremlin) is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia. Located in the centre of the country's capital city, the Moscow Kremlin (fortification), Kremlin comprises five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Moscow Kremlin Wall, Kremlin Wall along with the List of Moscow Kremlin towers, Kremlin towers. In the complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace, which was one of the royal residences of the Emperor of Russia, Tsar of Russia, and now is the residence of the President of Russia, president of the Russian Federation. The Moscow Kremlin overlooks the Moskva (river), Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and Alexander Garden to the west. In the Russian language, ''kremlin'' denotes a 'fortress within a city', and there are many historical cities with Kremlin of their own. However, the Moscow Kremlin, the best known, also serves an international-politics Metonymy, metonym that identifies the Government of Russia. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Orders, Decorations, And Medals Of Russia
The State Award System of the Russian Federation has varied and distinct origins. The first being pre-1917 orders of the Russian Empire re-established after the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, the second is from former Soviet orders that were slightly modified and retained post 1991, we also find many completely new awards resembling Imperial awards in basic design since the reintroduction of Russian heraldry. Some of the Soviet awards, decorations, and orders were discontinued after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, while others are still issued by the Russian Federation as of 2021. Many of the awards were simply reworked in the Russian Federation, such as the transition of Hero of the Soviet Union to Hero of the Russian Federation, and Hero of Socialist Labour to Hero of Labour of the Russian Federation. Originally set up following the dissolution of the Soviet Union by Decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation No. 2557-I of March 20, 1992, the statut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Orders, Decorations, And Medals Of The Soviet Union
Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union are decorations from the former Soviet Union that recognised achievements and personal accomplishments, both military and civilian. Some of the awards, decorations, and orders were discontinued after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, while others are still issued by the Russian Federation as of 2024. Many of the awards were simply reworked in the Russian Federation, such as the transition of Hero of the Soviet Union to Hero of the Russian Federation, and Hero of Socialist Labour to Hero of Labour of the Russian Federation. A wide range of Soviet awards and decorations cover the extensive and diverse period of history from 1917 to 1991. Honorary titles Orders Military orders Military and civil orders Civil orders Military medals General Campaign medals Second World War defensive campaign medals Second World War offensive campaign medals Civilian medals Development/restoration campaigns Maternity medals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Russian Constitution Of 1978
The Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of 12 April 1978 was formally its supreme law. History At its Extraordinary Session of 12 April 1978, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR adopted a new republican Constitution, to replace the old Russian Constitution of 1937, including its subsequent amendments. The new Constitution initially consisted of a Preamble and 185 articles, and was prepared as part of the whole process of bringing all 15 republican Constitutions in line with new Constitution of the Soviet Union of October 1977. It was the fourth Constitution of the Russian SFSR. Following a turbulent period of democratization, dissolution of the Soviet Union and subsequent economic reform the Constitution was amended several times. It lost its legal force by the referendum of 12 December 1993, which was preceded by a power struggle between the President of Russia Boris Yeltsin and Russia's legislative institutions – the Congress o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Congress Of People's Deputies Of Russia
The Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR () and since 1992 Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation () was the supreme government institution in the Russian SFSR and in the Russian Federation from 16 May 1990 to 21 September 1993. Elected on 4 March 1990 for a period of five years, it was dissolved (without constitutional authority) by presidential decree during the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 and ended ''de facto'' when the Russian White House was attacked on 4 October 1993. The Congress played an important role in some of the most important events in the history of Russia during this period, such as the declaration of state sovereignty of Russia within the USSR (June 1990), the rise of Boris Yeltsin, and economic reforms. Main functions The Congress had the power to pass laws by majority, which must then be signed by the President (with no right to veto until July 1991). The Congress held the ultimate power in the country (that is, pow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
History Of Russia
The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. The traditional start date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' people, Rus' state in the north in the year 862, ruled by Varangians. In 882, Prince Oleg of Novgorod seized Kiev, uniting the northern and southern lands of the Eastern Slavs under one authority, moving the governance center to Kiev by the end of the 10th century, and maintaining northern and southern parts with significant autonomy from each other. The state Christianization of Kievan Rus', adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Slavs, Slavic and Scandinavians, Scandinavian cultures that defined Russia, Russian culture for the next millennium. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated as a state due to the Mongol invasion of Rus', Mongol invasions in 1237–1240. After the 13th century, Moscow emerged as a significant political and cultural force, drivi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
