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Operation Meridian
Operation Meridian, also known as the "Palembang Raids" was part of a series of British air attacks directed at Japanese-held oil refineries near Palembang on Sumatra during the Second World War, Meridian had two phases: Meridian I on 24 January 1945 and Meridian II on 29 January. As a result, the critical aviation fuel output of the plants at Palembang was reduced by seventy-five percent. Background In August 1944, Operation Boomerang the USAF had used Boeing B-29 Superfortress heavy bombers against the refineries to cut the supply of fuel to the Japanese. The attack had been largely unsuccessful but had shown B-29s could lay naval mines. At the end of 1944, Rear Admiral Sir Philip Vian had deployed the aircraft carriers ''Indomitable,'' ''Indefatigable'' and ''Victorious'' for an air attack (operation Robson) against a refinery at Belawan Deli, in North Sumatra The carrier squadrons had exchanged their Fairey Barracuda aircraft for US-supplied Grumman Avengers which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oil Refinery Burning After An Attack During Operation Meridian In January 1945
An oil is any chemical polarity, nonpolar chemical substance that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and is hydrophobe, hydrophobic (does not mix with water) and lipophilicity, lipophilic (mixes with other oils). Oils are usually flammable and surfactant, surface active. Most oils are unsaturated lipids that are liquid at room temperature. The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be animal fats, animal, vegetable oil, vegetable, or petrochemical in origin, and may be Volatility (chemistry), volatile or non-volatile. They are used for food (e.g., olive oil), fuel (e.g., heating oil), medical purposes (e.g., mineral oil), lubrication (e.g. motor oil), and the manufacture of many types of paints, plastics, and other materials. Specially prepared oils are used in some religious ceremonies and rituals as purifying agents. Etymology First attested in English 1176, the word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enggano Island
Enggano Island (''Pulau Enggano'') is about southwest of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is one of the 92 officially listed outlying islands of Indonesia, though it can also be considered a barrier island of Sumatra. Geography Enggano (from Portuguese '' engano'' "mistake") is about long from east to west and about wide from north to south. Its area is including four small offshore islands around its coast - ''Pulau Merbau'', ''Pulau Dua'' and tiny ''Pulau Banggai'' off Enggano's east coast, and ''Pulau Satu'' off its south coast. The average elevation is about , and the highest point is . Villages There are six villages on Enggano Island, which are all located on the island's only main road, which traverses the island's north-east coast (Yoder 2011:6). * Kayaapu * Kaana * Malakoni * Apoho * Meok * Banjarsari Malakoni, Apoho, and Meok have more Enggano natives, and the other villages have larger immigrant populations. There are ferries to Bengkulu from Kahayapu and Malakoni (Yod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fremantle, Western Australia
Fremantle () () is a port city in Western Australia located at the mouth of the Swan River (Western Australia), Swan River in the metropolitan area of Perth, the state capital. Fremantle Harbour serves as the port of Perth. The Western Australian English, Western Australian vernacular diminutive for Fremantle is Freo. Prior to British settlement, the indigenous Noongar people inhabited the area for millennia, and knew it by the name of Walyalup ("place of the woylie")."(26/3/2018) Inaugural Woylie Festival starts tomorrow" fremantle.gov.au. Retrieved 5 July 2020. Visited by Dutch exploration of Australia, Dutch explorers in the 1600s, Fremantle was the first area settled by the Swan River Colony, Swan River colonists in 1829, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumatra
Sumatra () is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the list of islands by area, sixth-largest island in the world at 482,286.55 km2 (182,812 mi.2), including adjacent islands such as the Simeulue Island, Simeulue, Nias Island, Nias, Mentawai Islands, Mentawai, Enggano Island, Enggano, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung and Krakatoa archipelago. Sumatra is an elongated landmass spanning a diagonal northwest–southeast axis. The Indian Ocean borders the northwest, west, and southwest coasts of Sumatra, with the island chain of Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai Islands, Mentawai, and Enggano off the western coast. In the northeast, the narrow Strait of Malacca separates the island from the Malay Peninsula, which is an extension of the Eurasian continent. In the southeast, the narrow Sunda Strait, containing the Krakatoa archipelago, separates Sumatra from Java. The northern tip of Sumatra is near ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soengei Gerong
Sungai Gerong is an industrial area in South Sumatra, laying just east of the Palembang city, Indonesia. Built by SVPM, in 1912 where the operation started in 1926, starting the discovery of Petak field, in 1914, Trembule field, then Talang Akar found in 1921 as the company large investment, completion the crudes pipeline operations in 1952 from the South Sumatra oil-field. In 1970, The Republic of Indonesia bought this refinery from PT Stanvac Indonesia to become part of its Government Oil Company, PERTAMINA PT Pertamina (Persero) is an Indonesian state-owned oil and natural gas corporation, headquartered in Jakarta. It was created in August 1968 by the merger of ''Pertamin'' (established 1961) and ''Permina'' (established in 1957). In 2020, the .... Petroleum in Indonesia Populated places established in 1912 Populated places in South Sumatra 1912 establishments in the Dutch East Indies {{SSumatra-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
857 Naval Air Squadron
857 Naval Air Squadron (857 NAS), also known as 857 Squadron, was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It most recently operated the Westland Sea King between December 2006 and January 2015. It was established at Squantum in the United States as a Torpedo Bomber Reconnaissance squadron in April 1944. It boarded HMS ''Rajah'' in June, landed in HMS ''Gadwall'', RNAMY Belfast, Northern Ireland, in July, with anti-submarine training at HMS ''Landrail'', RNAS Machrihanish, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. The squadron re-embarked in September for Ceylon, spending time on land at HMS ''Garuda'', RNARY Coimbatore, India and HMS ''Ukussa'', RNAS Katukurunda, Ceylon, before boarding HMS ''Indomitable'' in November. Throughout the winter, using the carrier and HMS ''Nabbington'', RNAS Nowra, Australia as a shore base, the squadron targeted locations in Sumatra, including Palembang, before shifting focus to Sakashima Gunto and Formosa in the spring. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
854 Naval Air Squadron
854 Naval Air Squadron (854 NAS), sometimes expressed as 854 Squadron, was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It most recently operated Westland Sea King ASaC.7 airborne surveillance and control helicopter between December 2006 and December 2014. It first formed in January 1944 at Squantum Naval Air Station in the United States, flying Grumman Avenger. It was disbanded in December 1945, and reformed December 2006 as a helicopter squadron designed for Airborne Surveillance and Control. History Avenger (1944-1945) 854 Naval Air Squadron was established on 1 January 1944, at RN Air Section Squantum, located at Naval Air Station Squantum in Quincy, Massachusetts. It was designated as a Torpedo Bomber Reconnaissance unit and was equipped with twelve Grumman Avenger Mk.II torpedo bombers, which embarked in the ''Illustrious''-class aircraft carrier on 10 April. On 23 May, the squadron was designated to RAF Coastal Command a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
849 Naval Air Squadron
849 Naval Air Squadron (849 NAS), also referred to as 849 Squadron, was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It most recently operated the Merlin HM2 from February until April 2020. It was formed during the Second World War as an aircraft carrier based torpedo-bomber, unit, flying missions against Japanese targets in the Far East. Its service since the Second World War has been as an airborne early warning squadron, flying fixed winged Douglas Skyraiders and Fairey Gannets from the Royal Navy's fixed wing carriers from 1952 until 1978, and airborne early warning Westland Sea King helicopters from 1982 to 2018. Operational history World War two 849 Naval Air Squadron was formed on 1 August 1943 at the Naval Air Station Quonset Point, Rhode Island with Grumman Avenger Is. It returned to the UK and provided anti-surface vessel and anti-submarine patrols over the English Channel prior to and during the D-Day operations.Brown 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
820 Naval Air Squadron
820 Naval Air Squadron (802 NAS), also referred to as 820 Squadron, is a carrier-based Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It currently operates the Merlin HM2 in two capacities, either for anti-submarine warfare or for airborne surveillance, and control, to protect the RN carrier strike group, with a shore base at RNAS Culdrose. The Squadron was formed at RNAS Gosport on 3 April 1933 with the transferral of the Fairey III aircraft from 450 Flight and half of 445 Flight of the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy. History Second World War The squadron's first assignment on its formation was to carry out spotter-reconnaissance duties for the aircraft carrier . They were later re-equipped with Fairey Seals and Blackburn Sharks, eventually receiving Fairey Swordfish in autumn 1937. The squadron was reassigned in November the following year to the new aircraft carrier . The squadron operated from ''Ark Royal'' for the next three years, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barrage Balloon
A barrage balloon is a type of airborne barrage, a large uncrewed tethered balloon used to defend ground targets against aircraft attack, by raising aloft steel cables which pose a severe risk of collision with hostile aircraft, making the attacker's approach difficult and hazardous. Early barrage balloons were often spherical. The kite balloon, having a shape and cable bridling that stabilizes the balloon and reduces drag, could be operated at higher wind speeds than a spherical balloon. Some examples carried small explosive charges that would be pulled up against the aircraft to ensure its destruction. Barrage balloons are not practical at higher altitudes due in large part to the cable's weight. First World War France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom used barrage balloons in the First World War. While the French and German forces developed kite balloons, early British barrage balloons were spherical. Sometimes, especially around London, several balloons were used t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supermarine Seafire
The Supermarine Seafire is a naval version of the Supermarine Spitfire fighter adapted for operation from aircraft carriers. It was analogous in concept to the Hawker Hurricane variants#Sea Hurricanes, Hawker Sea Hurricane, a navalised aircraft, navalised version of the Spitfire's stablemate, the Hawker Hurricane. The name Seafire was derived from the contraction of the full name of Sea Spitfire.Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 247. A carrier-capable version of the Supermarine Spitfire had been proposed by the British Admiralty, Admiralty in May 1938. Despite a pressing need to replace various obsolete types in the Fleet Air Arm (FAA), some opposed the idea, including Winston Churchill, although these disputes were often a result of the overriding priority for land-based Spitfires instead. During 1941 and early 1942, the Admiralty again requested naval Spitfires, resulting in an initial batch of Seafire Mk.Ib fighters in late 1941, which were mainly used to gain experience operating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vought F4U Corsair
The Vought F4U Corsair is an American fighter aircraft that saw service primarily in World War II and the Korean War. Designed and initially manufactured by Vought, Chance Vought, the Corsair was soon in great demand; additional production contracts were given to Goodyear Aerospace, Goodyear, whose Corsairs were designated FG, and Brewster Aeronautical Corporation, Brewster, designated F3A. The Corsair was designed and principally operated as a carrier-based aircraft, and entered service in large numbers with the U.S. Navy and Marines in World War II. It quickly became one of the most capable carrier-based fighter-bombers of the war. Some Japanese pilots regarded it as the most formidable American fighter and U.S. naval aviators achieved an 11:1 kill ratio. Early problems with carrier landings and logistics led to it being eclipsed as the dominant carrier-based fighter by the Grumman F6F Hellcat, powered by the same Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp, Double Wasp engine first f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
