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Operation Ha-Har
Operation HaHar (, ''The Mountain''), or Operation El HaHar, was an Israeli Defence Forces campaign against villages southwest of Jerusalem launched at the end of October 1948. The operation lasted from 19 to 24 October and was carried out by troops from the Harel Brigade, Harel and Etzioni Brigades. The villages were defended by units from the Egyptian army and local militias. By the end of the campaign over a dozen villages had been captured. It coincided with Operation Yoav which attacked Egyptian positions further south. Background In mid-October 1948, the Har’el Brigade published a combat ordinance, which read: "The enemy is planning to cut-off the well-springs of immigration and [Jewish] settlement, to build a nest of war conspiracies against us and against all those who love peace in the world, to cut-off from Israel the Negev; to inflict harm to the capital, the center of yearnings of the generations of Israel; to subjugate the Hebrew element of Jerusalem; to dismantl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1948 Arab–Israeli War
The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, also known as the First Arab–Israeli War, followed the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, civil war in Mandatory Palestine as the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. The civil war became a war of separate states with the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948, the end of the British Mandate for Palestine at midnight, and the entry of a Arab League, military coalition of Arab states into the territory of Mandatory Palestine the following morning. The war formally ended with the 1949 Armistice Agreements which established the Green Line (Israel), Green Line. Since the 1917 Balfour Declaration and the 1920 creation of the British Mandate of Palestine, and in the context of Zionism and the Aliyah, mass migration of European Jews to Palestine, there had been Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine, tension and conflict between Arabs, Jews, and the British in Palestine. The conflict escalated into a civil war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Benny Morris
Benny Morris (; born 8 December 1948) is an Israeli historian. He was a professor of history in the Middle East Studies department of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in the city of Beersheba, Israel. Morris was initially associated with the group of Israeli historians known as the " New Historians", a term he coined to describe himself and historians Avi Shlaim, Ilan Pappé and Simha Flapan. Morris's 20th century work on the Arab–Israeli conflict and especially the Israeli–Palestinian conflict has won praise and criticism from both sides of the political divide.Shlaim, Avi. "The Debate about 1948", ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'', Vol 27, No. 3 (1995), pp. 287–304. Despite regarding himself as a Zionist, he writes, "I embarked upon the research not out of ideological commitment or political interest. I simply wanted to know what happened." One of Morris major works is the 1989 book ''The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1948'' wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Al-Khader
Al-Khader () is a Palestinian town in the Bethlehem Governorate in the south-central West Bank. It is located west of Bethlehem. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 11,960 in 2017. The area around al-Khader is marked by vineyards, and olive and fig trees. Al-Khader was founded in the late 18th or early 19th century.Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 366 Its main landmarks are Solomon's Pools, the Murad Fortress (a Turkish Ottoman castle built by Suleiman the Magnificent in 1617 to defend Solomon’s Pools, that today houses a Museum for Palestinian Culture and Heritage), the Monastery and Church of St. George, and Al-Hamadiyya Mosque. Name and St George tradition ''Al-Khader'', in Arabic literally "''The Green One''", is the modern name of the village, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bayt Jibrin
Bayt Jibrin or Beit Jibrin ( lit. 'House of the Powerful') was an Arab village in the Hebron Subdistrict of British Mandatory Palestine, in what is today the State of Israel, which was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was preceded by the Iron Age Judahite city of Maresha, the later Hellenistic Marissa, located slightly south of Beit Jibrin's built-up area; and the Roman and Byzantine city of Beth Gabra, known from the Talmud as Beit Guvrin (also Gubrin or Govrin, ), renamed Eleutheropolis (Greek, Ἐλευθερόπολις, "Free City") after 200 CE. After the 7th-century Arab conquest of the Levant, the Arabic name of Beit Jibrin was used for the first time, followed by the Crusaders' Bethgibelin, given to a Frankish colony established around a Hospitaller castle. After the Muslim reconquest the Arab village of Beit Jibrin was reestablished. During the days of Herod the Great, Bet Gabra was the administrative center for the district of Idumea. In 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Elah Valley
The Valley of Elah, Ella Valley ("Valley of the terebinth"; from the ), or Wadi es-Sunt (), is a long, shallow valley in the Shephelah area of Israel. It is best-known from the Hebrew Bible incident where David defeated Goliath (1 Samuel 17:2 and 19). It is home to several important archaeological sites, including those identified as the ancient towns of Azekah and Sokho (1 Samuel 17:1). Rising from the valley on its extreme southeast end lies the hilltop ruin Adullam, and on its north lie the ruins of the ancient fortress city of Khirbet Qeiyafa, which is identified with the ancient town of Shaaraim mentioned in 1 Samuel 17:52. The valley is named after its indigenous trees: in Hebrew after the large and shady terebinth trees (''Pistacia terebinthus'' and '' P. palaestina''), and in Arabic for the white acacia trees ('' Faidherbia''). On the west side of the valley, near Socho, there is a huge and ancient terebinth, in height with a trunk in circumference and a canopy at l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Eliyahu Sela Raanana
Eliahu or Eliyahu is a masculine Hebrew given name and surname of biblical origin. It means "My God is Yahweh" and derives from the prophet Elijah who, according to the Bible, lived during the reign of King Ahab (9th century BCE). People named Eliahu or Eliyahu, include: Given name Eliahu * Eliahu Eilat (1903–1990), Israeli diplomat, Orientalist and President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem * Eliahu Gat (1919–1987), Israeli landscape painter * Eliahu Inbal (born 1936), Israeli conductor * Eliahu Nissim (1933-2020), Israeli former professor of aeronautical engineering and former President of the Open University of Israel * Eliahu Stern (born 1948), Israeli professor emeritus of geography and planning Eliyahu * Eliyahu Bet-Zuri (1922–1945), Jewish Lehi member and assassin * Eliyahu Berligne (1866–1959), a founder of Tel Aviv, a member of the Yishuv in Mandate Palestine and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence * Eli Cohen (1924–1965), Israeli spy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Nahal Sorek
Naḥal Sorek (; ), also Soreq, is one of the largest, most important drainage basins in the Judean Hills. It is mentioned in the Book of Judges 16:4 of the Bible as the border between the ancient Philistines and the Tribe of Dan of the ancient Israelites. It is known in Arabic as Wadi es-Sarār, sometimes spelled Surar, and by various names along different segments, such as Wadi Qalunya near Motza, Wadi al-Tahuna, and Nahr Rubin further downstream. Etymology Folk etymology mentioned in the Midrash (''Numbers Rabbah'' 9) states that the ''sorek'' is a "fruitless tree" (the word means "empty" in Hebrew), implying a moral lesson and metaphor suggesting that Samson's involvement in his affair with Delilah was eventually "fruitless". Etymology suggests that "sorek" means "special vine" and refers to the grapes and wines grown in the area. In the Bible Nahal Sorek was the place where Delilah lived, and Samson came to meet her for the first time. It was also the place she entice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Dayr Al-Hawa
Dayr al-Hawa () was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jerusalem Subdistrict. The village was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on October 19, 1948, by the Fourth Battalion of the Har'el Brigade of Operation ha-Har. It was located 18.5 km west of Jerusalem. History Ottoman era Dayr al-Hawa is not mentioned in 16th century records, and was likely first settled in a later period. In 1838, Edward Robinson called it a "lofty" village, on the brink of a valley. It was further noted as a Muslim village, located in the District of ''el-Arkub'', southwest of Jerusalem. In 1856 the village was named ''D. el Hawa'' on Kiepert's map of Palestine published that year. Victor Guérin, visiting the village in 1863, wrote that ''Dayr al-Hawa'' "probably owes its name, ''monastery of the wind'', to its high position". An Ottoman village list from around 1870 showed that ''Der el-Haw''a had 32 houses and a population of 103, though the population count included men, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beit Jimal
Beit Jimal (or Beit Jamal; ; ), Beit el Jemâl, meaning "The house of the camel"Palmer, 1881, p286/ref> is a Catholic monastery run by Salesians of Don Bosco, Salesian priests and brothers near Beit Shemesh, Israel. The Christian tradition identifies the site with the Roman- and Byzantine-era Jewish village of Caphargamala (), and believe that a cave there is the tomb of Saint Stephen, St. Stephen or to have conserved his relics. An alternative spelling and etymology for the name is therefore ''Beit Gemal'' or ''Beit Gamal'' - the House of Rabban Gamaliel the Elder. Geography The Palestine Exploration Fund's ''PEF Survey of Palestine, Survey of Western Palestine'' in 1883 described Beit Jimal (alt. sp. ''Beit el Jemâl'') as possessing a natural spring three-quarters of a mile to the east, while to the south were caves.Conder and Kitchener, 1883, p24/ref> Natural brushwood consisting mainly of oak, buckthorn and mastic trees can be seen on the adjacent hill country lying to its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Haifa
Haifa ( ; , ; ) is the List of cities in Israel, third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropolitan area in Israel. It is home to the Baháʼí Faith's Baháʼí World Centre, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a destination for Baháʼí pilgrimage. Built on the slopes of Mount Carmel, the settlement has a history spanning more than 3,000 years. The earliest known settlement in the vicinity was Tell Abu Hawam, a small port city established in the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE).Encyclopaedia Judaica, Encyclopedia Judaica, ''Haifa'', Keter Publishing, Jerusalem, 1972, vol. 7, pp. 1134–1139 In the 3rd century CE, Haifa was known as a Tool and die maker, dye-making center. Over the millennia, the Haifa area has changed hands: being conquered and ruled by the Canaanites, History of ancient Israel and Judah, Israelites, Phoenicians, Assy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
