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Olęder
Olenders ( or ''Olendrzy'', singular form: ''Olęder'', ''Olender''; ) were people, often of Dutch or Frisian ancestry, who lived in settlements in Poland organized under a particular type of law. The term ''Olender'' has been used to describe two related, but slightly different, groups of settlers. First, it describes settlers in Poland from Frisia and the rest of the Netherlands, most often of the Mennonite faith, who in the 16th and 17th centuries founded villages in Royal Prussia, along the Vistula River and its tributaries, in Kuyavia, Mazovia and Greater Poland. They settled in great numbers in Gdańsk. They possessed knowledge of flood control, and a well-developed agrarian culture. At that time, they were the wealthiest group of peasants. They maintained personal freedom, and their own religion and beliefs. After the First Partition of Poland, some of them emigrated to southern Ukraine. Second, in a later period (up to the middle of the 19th century), the term ''Olę ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vistula Germans
Vistula Germans () are ethnic Germans who had settled in what became known after the 1863 Polish rebellion as the Vistula Territory. This territory, so designated by the ruling Russians of the time, encompassed most of the Vistula river basin of central Poland up to just east of Toruń. Migration history The Vistula flows south to north in a broad easterly loop that extends from the Carpathian Mountains to its mouth on the Baltic Sea near Gdańsk. Many were invited in by the German and Polish nobility, but most settled in cities and large towns which were often governed under a form known as German town law. German settlement on abandoned or empty land in Kujawy and Royal Prussia increased as land owners sought to re-populate their lands after the losses of the Great Northern War (1700–1721). Migration up the Vistula, to Płock, Wyszogród, and beyond, continued through the period of the Partitions of Poland by Prussia, Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire. Much of the Vistul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
