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Oliver Rátót
Oliver (I) from the kindred Rátót (; died after 1272) was a Hungarian nobleman in the 13th century. Biography Oliver was born into the prestigious and influential ''gens'' (clan) Rátót, as the son of Dominic I, who was killed in the Battle of Mohi in 1241. Oliver had three brothers, Roland I, Stephen I and Leustach II, and a sister, who married Maurice Pok. Oliver had four children from his unidentified wife: Reynold III, Nicholas "Vecse" – ancestor of the Putnoki family –, John and a daughter, who married powerful baron Reynold Básztély.Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Rátót 1. main branch) Alongside his elder brothers, Oliver was a confidant of Béla IV of Hungary. He served as treasurer of Queen Maria Laskarina's court from 1262 to 1268, but it is plausible he held the dignity until 1270, Béla's death. Beside that, he was also referred to as ''ispán'' of Gerzence (Garešnica) in 1262, a border ispánate which laid in the territory of Križevci County. Despite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joachim Gutkeled
Joachim from the kindred Gutkeled (, ; died in April 1277) was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century. As a key figure of the struggles for power between the powerful barons in the 1270s, he kidnapped Ladislaus, the son of and heir to Stephen V of Hungary in June 1272, which was an unprecedented case in Hungarian history during that time and marked the beginning of half a century of turbulent period, called "feudal anarchy". Joachim was one of the first provincial lords, who sought to establish an oligarchic domain independently of the royal power. He was killed in a skirmish against the Babonići. He was Ban of Slavonia between 1270 and 1272 (with short interruption) and from 1276 to 1277, and three times Master of the treasury between 1272 and 1275. He was also ''ispán'', or head, of many counties, including Baranya and Pozsony. Early life Joachim was born around 1240 into the Majád branch of the ''gens'' (clan) Gutkeled, a widely extended c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Laskarina
Maria Laskarina (, , 1206 – 24 June or 16 July 1270) was a Greek Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to King Béla IV of Hungary. She was the daughter of Theodore I Laskaris and Anna Komnena Angelina. Life She was a younger sister of Irene Lascarina, first Empress consort of John III Doukas Vatatzes. Theodore married his eldest daughter to his designated heir in 1212. Theodore was widowed in the same year and proceeded to marriages with Philippa of Armenia and Marie de Courtenay. However John was never displaced in succession. As a younger daughter, the marriage of Maria was not intended to add a potential husband in the line of succession to the throne. Instead it secured a marital alliance with the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1218, Maria was married to prince Béla of Hungary, and became Roman Catholic, converting from Greek Orthodoxy, her religion by birth. Bride and groom were about twelve-years-old. Her husband was the eldest son of Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ladislaus IV Of Hungary
Ladislaus IV (, , ; 5 August 1262 – 10 July 1290), also known as Ladislaus the Cuman, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290. His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of a chieftain from the pagan Cumans who had settled in Hungary. At the age of seven, he married Elisabeth (or Isabella), a daughter of King Charles I of Sicily. Ladislaus was only 9 when a rebellious lord, Joachim Gutkeled, kidnapped and imprisoned him. Ladislaus was still a prisoner when his father Stephen V died on 6 August 1272. During his minority, many groupings of barons – primarily the Abas, Csáks, Kőszegis, and Gutkeleds – fought against each other for supreme power. Ladislaus was declared to be of age at an assembly of the prelates, barons, noblemen, and Cumans in 1277. He allied himself with Rudolf I of Germany against Ottokar II of Bohemia. His forces had a preeminent role in Rudolf's victory over Ottokar in the Battle on the Marchfeld on 26 August 1278. However, Ladislaus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen V Of Hungary
Stephen V (, , ; before 18 October 1239 – 6 August 1272) was King of Hungary and King of Croatia, Croatia between 1270 and 1272, and Duke of Styria from 1258 to 1260. He was the oldest son of King Béla IV and Maria Laskarina. King Béla had his son coronation of the Hungarian monarch, crowned king at the age of six and appointed him Duke of Slavonia. Still a child, Stephen married Elizabeth the Cuman, Elizabeth, a daughter of a chieftain of the Cumans whom his father settled in the Great Hungarian Plain. King Béla appointed Stephen Duke of Transylvania in 1257 and Duke of Styria in 1258. The local noblemen in Duchy of Styria, Styria, which had been annexed four years before, opposed his rule. Assisted by King Ottokar II of Bohemia, they rebelled and expelled Stephen's troops from most parts of Styria. After Ottokar II routed the united army of Stephen and his father in the Battle of Kressenbrunn on 12 July 1260, Stephen left Styria and returned to Transylvania. Stephen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Civil War (1264–1265)
The Hungarian Civil War of 1264–1265 () was a brief Árpád dynasty, dynastic conflict between King Béla IV of Hungary and his son Stephen V of Hungary, Duke Stephen at the turn of 1264 into 1265. Béla's relationship with his oldest son and heir, Stephen, became tense in the early 1260s, because the elderly king favored his daughter Anna of Hungary, Duchess of Macsó, Anna and his youngest child, Béla, Duke of Slavonia. Stephen accused Béla of planning to disinherit him. After a brief skirmish, Stephen forced his father to cede all the Kingdom of Hungary's lands east of the Danube to him and adopted the title of junior king in 1262. Nevertheless, their relationship remained tense, causing a civil war by the end of 1264. The conflict resulted in Stephen's victory over his father's royal army. They concluded a peace treaty in 1266, which failed to restore confidence between them. Béla died in 1270. The 1264–1265 civil war was one trigger for the emerging feudal anarc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Križevci County
Križevci (; ; ; ) is a town in northern Croatia with a total population of 21,122 and with 11,231 in the town itself (2011), It is the oldest town in its county, the Koprivnica-Križevci County. History The first mention of "Upper Križevac" was in 1193 by Béla III, when it was given the status of a Royal Borough in 1252 by the ban (count) Stephan, and which was confirmed by King Béla IV a year later. "Lower Križevac" developed somewhat slower than its twin town: it became a free royal city in 1405, thanks to king Sigismund. Bloody Sabor of Križevci () refers to the assassination of the Croatian ban Stjepan Lacković and his followers at the orders of king Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, on 27 February 1397.Church of Holy Cross in Križevci there are important Baroque frescoes and a marble altar dating from the 18th century (by Francesco Robba). Also of artistic and cultural interest is the parish church of St. Anne from the 17th century. Of particular note is the i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garešnica
Garešnica is a town in Bjelovar-Bilogora County, Croatia. It is located in the geographical region of Moslavina. There are a total of 10,472 inhabitants, of whom 85% are Croats. Garešnica is located in central Croatia at the foot of Moslavačka gora mountain, northeast of Kutina, on the crossroad of D45 (Kutina – Veliki Zdenci) and D26 (Vrbovec – Daruvar) state roads. It was first mentioned in 1527. The church ''Visitation of Our Lady'' was built in 1752 and has still a lot of original inventory. The town is home to a memorial to its deceased defenders from the Croatian War of Independence. Settlements The following settlements comprise the Town of Garešnica: * Ciglenica, population 368 * Dišnik, population 343 * Duhovi, population 111 * Garešnica, population 3,874 * Garešnički Brestovac, population 908 * Gornji Uljanik, population 116 * Hrastovac, population 479 * Kajgana, population 271 * Kaniška Iva, population 466 * Kapelica, population 546 * Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ispán
The ispánRady 2000, p. 19.''Stephen Werbőczy: The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts (1517)'', p. 450. or countEngel 2001, p. 40.Curta 2006, p. 355. (, , and ),Kirschbaum 2007, p. 315. deriving from title of župan, was the leader of a castle district (a fortress and the royal lands attached to it) in the Kingdom of Hungary from the early 11th century. Most of them were also heads of the basic administrative units of the kingdom, called County (Kingdom of Hungary), counties, and from the 13th century the latter function became dominant. The ''ispáns'' were appointed and dismissed by either the king of Hungary, monarchs or a high-ranking royal official responsible for the administration of a larger territorial unit within the kingdom. They fulfilled administrative, judicial and military functions in one or more counties. Heads of counties were often represented locally by their deputies, the vice-ispánsRady 2000, p. 41. (,Nemes 1989, p. 21. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Béla IV Of Hungary
Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and King of Croatia, Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of Andrew II of Hungary, King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group of influential noblemen in his father's lifetime in 1214. His father, who strongly opposed Béla's coronation, refused to give him a province to rule until 1220. In this year, Béla was appointed Duke of Slavonia, also with jurisdiction in Croatia and Dalmatia. Around the same time, Béla married Maria Laskarina, Maria, a daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, Emperor of Nicaea. From 1226, he governed Transylvania as Duke of Transylvania, duke. He supported Christian missions among the pagan Cumans who dwelled in the plains to the east of his province. Some Cuman chieftains acknowledged his suzerainty and he adopted the title of King of Cumania in 1233. King Andrew died on 21 September 1235 and Béla succeeded him. He attempted to restore royal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicholas Rátót
Nicholas (I) from the kindred Rátót ("Vecse"; ; died after 1308) was a Hungarian nobleman at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who served as Master of the cupbearers from 1293 to 1296. He was the forefather of the Putnoki noble family. Life and career Nicholas I (also known by his nickname "Vecse") was born into the influential and prestigious ''gens'' (clan) Rátót, as the son of Oliver I (fl. 1255), himself a son of Dominic I, who was killed in the Battle of Mohi in 1241. Nicholas had two brothers, Reynold III and John, and an unidentified sister, who married powerful baron Reynold Básztély. Nicholas was the ancestor of the Putnoki family through his three sons, Reynold, Ladislaus and John ("the Deaf"). The kinship became extinct by the second half of the 15th century.Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Rátót 6. Putnoki branch) Nicholas first appeared in contemporary records in 1275. During the political crisis of 1280, King Ladislaus IV adopted new Cuman laws under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reynold Básztély
Reynold (II) from the kindred Básztély (; died between 1291 and 1296) was a Hungarian baron, soldier and courtier, who was a staunch supporter of Duke Stephen. Originating from a royal servant family, he elevated into the nobility due to his military successes and loyalty. At the peak of his career, he served as Palatine of Hungary in 1289. He was the ancestor of the powerful Rozgonyi family. Social status and family Reynold II, who was presumably born in the mid-1230s, originated from the ''gens'' Básztély. Their ancient estates laid in Básztély or Vasztély, Esztergom County (today a borough in Csabdi, Fejér County), the name of the kindred derived from it. According to a scholar theory, they were of French origin, and erected a tower in the settlement which became eponym to the village (first appeared in contemporary records as "Boztyh" in 1240) and subsequently the kindred ("bastille" --> "Básztij" --> "Básztély"). According to historian Attila Zsoldos, the kindr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice II Pok
Maurice (II) from the kindred Pok (; died 1270) was a Hungarian baron in the 13th century, who served as Master of the treasury from 1262 to 1270. He was a faithful confidant and skilled soldier of King Béla IV of Hungary. The illustrious Meggyesi family descended from him. Family Maurice II was born into the Pok (genus), ''gens'' (clan) Pok, which possessed landholdings in Győr County in the westernmost part of Hungary. His father was Maurice I Pok, Maurice I, the earliest known member of the kindred, who performed judicial activity in the court of Andrew II of Hungary and was elevated from the status of Royal servant (Kingdom of Hungary), royal servants to the upper elite of the Hungarian nobility within a single generation. Maurice had two younger brothers, John Pok, John – a courtier of Béla, Duke of Slavonia – and Ded. Maurice married an unidentified daughter of Dominic I Rátót, who served as Master of the treasury and was killed in the Battle of Mohi. Through his ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
