Oklahoma City National Memorial
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Oklahoma City National Memorial
The Oklahoma City National Memorial is a memorial site in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, that honors the victims, survivors, rescuers, and all who were affected by the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995. It is situated on the former site of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, which was damaged in the bombing and was soon after torn down to make way for the memorial. The building was located on NW 5th Street between N. Robinson Avenue and N. Harvey Avenue. The List of national memorials of the United States, national memorial was authorized on October 9, 1997, by President of the United States, President Bill Clinton's signing of the Oklahoma City National Memorial Act of 1997. It was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places the same day. The memorial is administered by Oklahoma City National Memorial Foundation, with National Park Service staff to help interpret the memorial for visitors. The memorial was formally dedicated on April 1 ...
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Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City (), officially the City of Oklahoma City, and often shortened to OKC, is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Oklahoma, most populous city of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, Oklahoma County, its population ranks List of United States cities by population, 20th among United States cities and 8th in the Southern United States. The population grew following the 2010 Census and reached 681,054 in the 2020 United States census. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,396,445, and the Oklahoma City–Shawnee, Oklahoma, Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124, making it Oklahoma's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population. Oklahoma City's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian County, Oklahoma, Canadian, Cleveland County, Oklahoma, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, Pottawatomie counties. However, much of those areas ...
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Bronze
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloids (such as arsenic or silicon). These additions produce a range of alloys some of which are harder than copper alone or have other useful properties, such as strength, ductility, or machinability. The archaeological period during which bronze was the hardest metal in widespread use is known as the Bronze Age. The beginning of the Bronze Age in western Eurasia is conventionally dated to the mid-4th millennium BCE (~3500 BCE), and to the early 2nd millennium BCE in China; elsewhere it gradually spread across regions. The Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age, which started about 1300 BCE and reaching most of Eurasia by about 500 BCE, although bronze continued to be much more widely used than it is in modern times. Because historica ...
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The Journal Record
''The Journal Record'' is a daily business and legal newspaper based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Its offices are in downtown Oklahoma City, with a bureau at the Oklahoma State Capitol. ''The Journal Record'' began publication in 1937, though an early predecessor of the newspaper, the ''Daily Legal News'' was first published in Oklahoma City on August 27, 1903.Nichols, Max and David Page.''Journal Record'', ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture'' (accessed February 15, 2010). The newspaper won The Sequoyah Award for best overall newspaper of its size in 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2013. In 2014 it won the Sequoyah Award in the state's largest circulation category. The Oklahoma Journalism Hall of Fame includes seven Journal Record current or former staff members: Joan Gilmore (1994), Max Nichols (1995), Marie Price (1998), Bill May (2004), David Page (2011), Mary Mélon (2013) and Ted Streuli (2022). Two non-staff columnists are also Hall of Fame members: ...
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Journal Record Building
The Heritage, formerly known as the Journal Record Building, Law Journal Record Building, Masonic Temple and the India Temple Shrine Building, is a Neoclassical architecture, Neoclassical building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It was completed in 1923 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was damaged in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. It houses the Oklahoma City National Memorial, Oklahoma City National Memorial Museum in the western 1/3 of the building and The Heritage, a class A alternative office space, in the remaining portion of the building. History The India Temple Shrine Building was constructed in 1923 by the various Masonic Lodges of Oklahoma, City. The first Masonic lodge, Masonic Lodge was charted in Oklahoma City in 1890, less than one year after Oklahoma's Land Rush of 1889, land rush of 1889. By 1919, the number of lodges in the capital city had increased to 16. With an expanding membership and bulging treasury, the 16 Masonic Lodges of ...
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Chinese Elm
''Ulmus parvifolia'', commonly known as the Chinese elm or lacebark elm, is a species native to eastern Asia, including China, India, Japan, Korea, Vietnam,Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002)Ulmaceae in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA; also available as Siberia, and Kazakhstan. It has been described as "one of the most splendid elms, having the poise of a graceful ''Nothofagus''".''Hilliers' Manual of Trees & Shrubs'', 4th edition, 1977, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, England Description A small to medium deciduous or semideciduous (rarely semievergreen) tree, it grows to tall and wide, with a slender trunk and crown. The leathery, lustrous green, single-toothed leaves are small, 2–5 cm long by 1–3 cm broad, and often are retained as late as December or even January in Europe and North America. In some years, the leaves take on a pu ...
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Chinese Pistache
''Pistacia chinensis'', the Chinese pistache (), is a small to medium-sized tree in the genus ''Pistacia'' in the cashew family Anacardiaceae, native to central and western China. This species is planted as a street tree in temperate areas worldwide due to its attractive fruit and autumn foliage. Description It is hardy, can withstand harsh conditions and poor quality soils, and grows up to . The leaves are deciduous, alternate, pinnate, 20–25 cm long, with 10 or 12 leaflets, the terminal leaflet usually absent. The flowers are produced in panicles long at the ends of the branches; it is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The fruit is a small red drupe, turning blue when ripe, containing a single seed. Taxonomy Synonyms include: ''Pistacia formosana'' Matsumura; ''P. philippinensis'' Merrill & Rolfe; ''Rhus argyi'' H. Léveillé; ''R. gummifera'' H. Léveillé. Some botanists merge '' Pistacia integerrima'' into this species as the subspecies ''P. chinens ...
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Amur Maple
''Acer tataricum'' subsp. ''ginnala'', the Amur maple, often treated as a distinct species ''Acer ginnala'', is a plant species with woody stems native to northeastern Asia from easternmost Mongolia east to Korea and Japan, and north to the Russian Far East in the Amur River valley. It is a small maple with deciduous leaves that is sometimes grown as a garden subject, in parks, or as a street tree. Description It is a deciduous spreading shrub or small tree growing to tall, with a short trunk up to diameter and slender branches. The bark is thin, dull grey-brown, and smooth at first but becoming shallowly fissured on old plants. The leaves are opposite and simple, long and wide, deeply palmately lobed with three or five lobes, of which two small basal lobes (sometimes absent) and three larger apical lobes; the lobes are coarsely and irregularly toothed, and the upper leaf surface glossy. The leaves turn brilliant orange to red in autumn, and are on slender, often pink-tinged ...
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Redbud
''Cercis'' is a genus of about 10 species in the subfamily Cercidoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. It contains small deciduous trees or large shrubs commonly known as redbuds in the USA. They are characterised by simple, rounded to heart-shaped leaves and pinkish-red flowers borne in the early spring on bare leafless shoots, on both branches and trunk ("cauliflory"). The genus contains ten species, native to warm temperate regions of North America, southern Europe, western and central Asia, and China.''Ceratonia'' L.
''''. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
''Cercis'' is derived from the

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Chain Link Fence
A chain-link fence (also referred to as wire netting, wire-mesh fence, chain-wire fence, cyclone fence, hurricane fence, or diamond-mesh fence) is a type of woven fence usually made from galvanized or linear low-density polyethylene-coated steel wire. The wires run vertically and are bent into a zigzag pattern so that each "zig" hooks with the wire immediately on one side and each "zag" with the wire immediately on the other. This forms the characteristic diamond pattern seen in this type of fence. Development of chain-link fencing In the United Kingdom, the firm of Barnard, Bishop & Barnards was established in Norwich to produce chain-link fencing by machine. The process was developed by Charles Barnard in 1844 based on cloth weaving machines (up until that time, Norwich had a long history of cloth manufacture). In the mid-1890s, the American Chain Link Fence Company in Medford, Massachusetts, was the first company in the United States to patent an "exclusive manufacturi ...
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American Elm
''Ulmus americana'', generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees can live for several hundred years. It is a very hardy species that can withstand low winter temperatures, but it is affected by Dutch elm disease. The wood was seldom utilized until the advent of mechanical sawing. It is the state tree of Massachusetts and North Dakota. Description The American elm is a deciduous tree which, under ideal conditions, can grow to heights of . The trunk may have a diameter at breast height (dbh) of more than , supporting a high, spreading umbrella-like canopy. The leaves are alternate, long, with double-serrate margins and an oblique base. The leaves turn yellow in the fall. The perfect flowers are small, purple-brown and, being wind-pollinated, apetalous. The flowers are also protogynous, the female parts maturing before the male, thus reducing, but not eliminating, self-f ...
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Survivor Tree
The Survivor Tree is an American elm which survived the Oklahoma City bombing (1995) and lives on the north side of the Oklahoma City National Memorial, in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Description and history This was the only shade tree in the parking lot across the street from the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. Commuters arrived early to get one of the shady parking spots provided by its branches. Photos of Oklahoma City taken in the 1920s show the tree to be about 100 years old (in the year 2000). Heavily damaged by the bomb, the tree survived after nearly being cut down during the initial investigation, when workers wanted to recover evidence hanging in its branches and embedded in its bark. The force of the blast ripped most of the branches from the Survivor Tree. Glass and debris were embedded in its trunk and fire from the cars parked beneath it blackened what was left. Most thought the tree could not survive. Almost a year after the bombing, family members, survivors, ...
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Murrah Building
The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was a United States federal government complex located at 200 N.W. 5th Street in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. On April 19, 1995, the building was the target of the Oklahoma City bombing by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, which ultimately killed 168 people and injured 684 others. A third of the building collapsed seconds after the truck bomb detonated. The remains were demolished a month after the attack, and the Oklahoma City National Memorial was built on the site. Construction and use The building was designed by architects Stephen H. Horton and Wendell Locke of Locke, Wright and Associates and constructed by J.W. Bateson Company, Dallas, Texas, using reinforced concrete in 1977 at a cost of $14.5 million. The building, named for federal judge Alfred P. Murrah, an Oklahoma native, opened on March 2, 1977. By the 1990s, the building contained regional offices for the Social Security Administration, the U.S. Department of Housi ...
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