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Official Statistics
Official statistics are statistics published by Government, government agencies or other Statutory corporation, public bodies such as International organization, international organizations as a Public good (economics), public good. They provide quantitative or qualitative information on all major areas of citizens' lives, such as economic and social development, living conditions, health, education, and the environment. During the 15th and 16th centuries, statistics were a method for counting and listing populations and State resources. The term ''statistics'' comes from the Neo-Latin ''statisticum collegium'' (council of state) and refers to ''science of the state''. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), official statistics are statistics disseminated by the national statistical system, excepting those that are explicitly not to be official". Governmental agencies at all levels, including municipal, county, and state administrations, may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNECE Germany 2010
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE or UNECE) is an intergovernmental organization or a specialized body of the United Nations. The UNECE is one of five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It was established in 1947 in order to promote economic cooperation and integration among its member states. The commission is composed of 56 member states, most of which are based in Europe, as well as a few outside Europe. Its transcontinental Eurasian or non-European member states include: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Canada, Cyprus, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, the United States and Uzbekistan. History The commission was first proposed in London in the summer of 1946 by the Temporary Subcommission on the Reconstruction of Devastated Areas. The commission was established by the Economic and Social Council on 28 March 1947 in order to "Initiate and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demography
Demography () is the statistical study of human populations: their size, composition (e.g., ethnic group, age), and how they change through the interplay of fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and migration. Demographic analysis examines and measures the dimensions and dynamics of populations; it can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as education, nationality, religion, and ethnicity. Educational institutions usually treat demography as a field of sociology, though there are a number of independent demography departments. These methods have primarily been developed to study human populations, but are extended to a variety of areas where researchers want to know how populations of social actors can change across time through processes of birth, death, and migration. In the context of human biological populations, demographic analysis uses administrative records to develop an independent estimate of the population. Demographic analysis estima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holland Codes
The Holland Codes or the Holland Occupational Themes (RIASEC) are a taxonomy of interests based on a theory of careers and vocational choice that was initially developed by American psychologist John L. Holland.The Development, Evolution, and Status of Holland's Theory of Vocational Personalities: Reflections and Future Directions for Counseling Psychology " ''Journal of Counseling Psychology'', Vol 57(1), 2010, 11–22. The Holland Codes serve as a component of the interests assessment, the Strong Interest Inventory. In addition, the US Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration has been using an updated and expanded version of the RIASEC model in the "Interests ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic Activity Rate
Economic activity rate, EAR (or labor force participation rate, LFPR), is the percentage of the population, both employed and unemployed, that constitutes the workforce, regardless of whether they are currently employed or job searching. This figure is a measure of the degree of success of the economy An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ... in engaging the population in some form of production of services or goods. References Workforce Macroeconomic indicators Rates es:Población activa#Tasa de actividad fr:Population active#Taux d'activité {{labor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youth Unemployment
Youth unemployment refers to the proportion of the Workforce, labor force aged 15 – 24 who do not have a job but are seeking employment. Youth unemployment is different from unemployment in the general workforce in that youth unemployment rates are consistently higher than those of adults worldwide, with the European Commission reporting that, from 2014 - 2024, the European Union, EU youth unemployment rate has remained approximately twice as high as the general unemployment rate. Youth unemployment is a complex issue because it often intersects with other socio-economic inequalities like racism, class, gender, and caste. Background Around 17 percent of the world population, or almost 1.26 billion people, is between the ages of 15 and 24. The United Nations defines this age range as the period when compulsory education typically ends. Of this category, around 87% live in developing countries. The time period spanning youth is a social construct and differs from internation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unemployment Rate
Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is the proportion of people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period. Unemployment is measured by the unemployment rate, which is the number of people who are unemployed as a percentage of the labour force (the total number of people employed added to those unemployed). Unemployment can have many sources, such as the following: * the status of the economy, which can be influenced by a recession * competition caused by globalization and international trade * new technologies and inventions * policies of the government * regulation and market * war, civil disorder, and natural disasters Unemployment and the status of the economy can be influenced by a country through, for example, fiscal policy. Furthermore, the monetary authority of a country, such as the central bank, ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Employment Rate
Employment-to-population ratio, also called the employment rate, is a statistical ratio that measures the proportion of a country's working age population (statistics are often given for ages 15 to 64) that is employed. This includes people that have stopped looking for work.Employment/Population Ratios for the 50 Largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas: 2008, 2009, and 2010. (2011, September). Retrieved December 10, 2012, from United States Census Bureau website: https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/ acsbr10-09.pdf The International Labour Organization states that a person is considered employed if they have worked at least 1 hour in "gainful" employment in the most recent week. The employment-to-population ratio is usually calculated and reported periodically for the economy by the national agency of statistics. It is usually calculated by using a survey data collection and the answers of certain people to the questions of the national agency for the economy an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Pay Gap
The gender pay gap or gender wage gap is the average difference between the remuneration for men and women who are Employment, employed. Women are generally found to be paid less than men. There are two distinct measurements of the pay gap: non-adjusted versus adjusted pay gap. The latter typically takes into account differences in hours worked, occupations chosen, education and job experience. In other words, the adjusted values represent how much women and men make for the same work, while the non-adjusted values represent how much the average man and woman make in total. In the United States, for example, the non-adjusted average woman's annual salary is 79–83% of the average man's salary, compared to 95–99% for the adjusted average salary. The reasons for the gap link to legal, social and economic factors. These include having children (motherhood penalty vs. fatherhood bonus), parental leave, gender discrimination and gender norms. Additionally, the consequences of the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women In The Workforce
Since the Industrial Revolution, participation of women in the workforce outside the home has increased in industrialized nations, with particularly large growth seen in the 20th century. Largely seen as a boon for industrial society, women in the workforce contribute to a higher national economic output as measure in Gross domestic product, GDP as well as decreasing labor costs by increasing the labor supply in a society. Women's lack of access to higher education had effectively excluded them from the practice of well-paid and high status occupations. Entry of women into the higher professions, like law and medicine, was delayed in most countries due to women being denied entry to universities and qualification for degrees. For example, Cambridge University only fully validated degrees for women late in 1947, and even then only after much opposition and acrimonious debate. Women were largely limited to low-paid and poor status occupations for most of the 19th and 20th centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infant Mortality
Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday. The occurrence of infant mortality in a population can be described by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births. Similarly, the ''child mortality rate'', also known as the ''under-five mortality rate,'' compares the death rate of children up to the age of five. In 2013, the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States was birth defects. Other leading causes of infant mortality include birth asphyxia, pneumonia, neonatal infection, diarrhea, malaria, measles, malnutrition, congenital malformations, term birth complications such as abnormal presentation of the fetus, umbilical cord prolapse, or prolonged labor. One of the most common preventable causes of infant mortality is smoking during pregnancy. Lack of prenatal care, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and drug use also cause complications that may result in in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Total Fertility Rate
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were to live from birth until the end of their reproductive life. As of 2023, the total fertility rate varied widely across the world, from 0.7 in South Korea, to 6.1 in Niger. Among sovereign countries that were not city states or had a very small number of inhabitants, in 2024 the following countries had a TFR of 1.0 or lower: South Korea, Taiwan, and Ukraine; the following countries had a TFR of 1.2 or lower: Chile, China, Japan, Malta, Poland, and Spain. Fertility tends to be inversely correlated with levels of economic development. Historically, developed countries have significantly lower fertility rates, generally correlated with greater wealth, education, urbanization, and other factors. Conversely, in least developed countries, ferti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expatriate
An expatriate (often shortened to expat) is a person who resides outside their native country. The term often refers to a professional, skilled worker, or student from an affluent country. However, it may also refer to retirees, artists and other individuals who have chosen to live outside their native country. The International Organization for Migration of the United Nations defines the term as 'a person who voluntarily renounces his or her nationality'. Historically, it also referred to exiles. The UAE is the country with the highest percentage of expatriates in the world after the Vatican City, with expatriates in the United Arab Emirates representing 88% of the population. Etymology The word ''expatriate'' comes from the Latin words and , from , . Semantics Dictionary definitions for the current meaning of the word include: :Expatriate: :* 'A person who lives outside their native country' (Oxford), or :* 'living in a foreign land' (Webster's). These definitio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
