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Northern Naga Languages
The Konyak languages, or alternatively the Konyakian or Northern Naga languages, is a branch of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by various Naga peoples in southeastern Arunachal Pradesh and northeastern Nagaland states of northeastern India. They are not particularly closely related to other Naga languages spoken further to the south, but rather to other Sal languages such as Jingpho and the Bodo-Garo languages. There are many dialects, and villages even a few kilometers apart frequently have to rely on a separate common language. Proto-Northern Naga, the reconstructed proto-language of the Konyak languages, has been reconstructed by Walter French (1983). Languages Konyak–Chang: * Konyak * Chang * Wancho * Phom *Khiamniungic ** Khiamniungan ** Leinong ** Makyam **Ponyo Tangsa–Nocte *Tangsa (Tase) **Muklom **Pangwa Naga **Ponthai **Tikhak *Nocte The Nocte are an ethnic Naga people, Naga tribe primarily living in Arunachal. They number about 111,679 (Census 2011), mainly f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chang Language
Chang (Changyanguh), or Mochungrr, is a Northern Naga language of northeastern India. It is spoken in 36 villages of Tuensang District in east-central Nagaland Nagaland () is a landlocked state in the northeastern region of India. It is bordered by the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Assam to the west, Manipur to the south and the Sagaing Region of Myanmar to the east. Its capital cit ... (''Ethnologue''). ''Ethnologue'' reports that the Tuensang village dialect is the central speech variety that is intelligible to all Chang speakers. References {{Languages of Northeast India Languages of Nagaland Sal languages Endangered languages of India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tutsa Language
Tutsa is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in northeastern India. Tutsa is spoken in southern Changlang district and eastern Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh, as well as Tinsukia district of Assam Assam (; ) is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur ... (''Ethnologue''). Half of speakers are monolingual. References Languages of Assam Languages of Arunachal Pradesh Sal languages {{Assam-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nocte Language
Nocte is a Northern Naga language of northeastern India. Alternate names include Borduria, Jaipuria, Mohongia, Namsangia, Nocte, Nokte, and Paniduria (''Ethnologue''). Dialects * Bote Naga * Hakhi Naga * Hakhun * Hame Naga * Hasik Naga * Hathim Naga * Khapa * Laju (Ollo Naga) * Lama Naga Geographical distribution According to ''Ethnologue'', Nocte is spoken in the following locations. *Khonsa, Namsang, and Laju circles of Tirap district, southeastern Arunachal Pradesh * Changlang district, southeastern Arunachal Pradesh *Jaipur, Lakhimpur district, Assam Assam (; ) is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur ... References {{Languages of Northeast India Languages of Assam Languages of Arunachal Pradesh Languages of Nagaland Sal languages Endangered languages of India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangsa Language
Tangsa, also known as Tase and Tase Naga, is a Sino-Tibetan language or language cluster spoken by the Tangsa people of Burma and north-eastern India. Some varieties, such as Shangge, are likely distinct languages. There are about 60,000 speakers in Burma and 40,000 speakers in India. Geographical distribution Tangsa is spoken in the following locations of Myanmar (''Ethnologue''). *Hkamti District, Sagaing Division: Nanyun, Pangsau, Lahe, and Hkamti townships *Myitkyina District, Kachin State: Shinbwiyan and Tanai townships In India, Tangsa is spoken in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. Below are locations for some varieties of Tangsa. *Jugli: Kantang, Longlung, and Rangran villages, central Tirap District, Arunachal (Rekhung 1988) *Lungchang: Changlang, Rangkatu, and Kengkhu villages, eastern Tirap District, Arunachal (Rekhung 1988) *Tutsa: Sabban area, Changlang Subdivision, western Changlang District (also in southeastern Tirap District), Arunachal (Rekhung 1992) *Chamch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ponyo Language
Ponyo, or Ponyo-Gongwang after its two dialects, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Burma. Ponyo is spoken in 19 villages of Lahe Township, Naga Self-Administered Zone (formerly administered as part of Hkamti District), Sagaing Division, Myanmar (''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensiv ...''). Dialects are Ponyo and Gongwang, with high mutual intelligibility between the two. Ponyo and Htang Ngan (Leinong) are close to Khiamniungan. Alternate names include Gongvan, Gongwang, Gongwang Naga, Manauk, Mannok, Ponyo, Ponyo Naga, Pounyu, Saplow, Solo, Tsawlaw (''Ethnologue''). Dialects ''Ethnologue'' lists two main dialects. *Ponyo (Manauk, Mannok, Ponnyio, Pounyu) *Gongwang (Gongvan, Saplo, Saplow, Solo, Tsaplo, Tsawlaw) References Sal languages Language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makyam Language
Makyam Naga (Lasam, Macham Naga, Makyan, Pongnyun, Paung Nyuan) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Burma. It is closely related to other Konyak languages. Classification Makyam belongs to the Khiamniungic subgroup within the Konyak–Chang group of languages (Naw Sawu 2016:6). It is closely related to Leinong than to Khiamniungan. *Khiamniungic **'' Khiamniungan Naga'' **Leinong-Makyam ***'' Leinong Naga'' ***''Makyam Naga'' Distribution Makyam is spoken in 13 villages of northeast Lahe Township and Hkamti Township, Sagaing Division, Myanmar (''Ethnologue''). Main dialect variation is between the western Makyan villages and Kuku villages. Makyam is spoken in the following 18 villages, which are located just to the east of Lahe town in Lahe Township, Sagaing Division Sagaing Region ( my, စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, ; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leinong Language
Leinong Naga, or Htang Ngan, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Burma. Leinong Naga is spoken in about 25 villages of Lahe Township and northwestern Hkamti Township, Naga Self-Administered Zone (formerly administered as part of Hkamti District), Sagaing Division, Myanmar (''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensiv ...''). Dialects are Yao Dyang (Northern Leinong, Zau Dyang) and Southern Leinong (''Ethnologue''). References Sources *Wayesha, Ahsi James. 2010. A phonological description of Leinong Naga'. M.A. dissertation. Chiang Mai: Payap University. Sal languages Languages of Myanmar {{st-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khiamniungan Language
Khiamniungan is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Khiamniungan people in east-central Noklak District of Nagaland in northeastern India and in northwestern Burma. Most of the Khiamniungans in India are known to Pathso-Nyu which remains the main language within their geographical region. Names Alternate names for Khiamniungan include Aoshedd, Khiamnga, Kalyokengnyu, Khiamngan, Khiamniungan, Nokaw, Tukhemmi, and Welam (''Ethnologue''). Distribution and status There are approximately 50,000 speakers of Khiamniungan. There are an estimated 29 Khiamniungan villages in India and 132 in Burma. "Khiamniungan" is the autonym for the language, which means "the source of water" or "water people", whereas ''Kalyokengnyu'' is an exonym meaning "dwelling in stone", given to the group by European anthropologists after the slate roof houses the people lived in. The low number of speakers of Khiamniugan makes it vulnerable, but it is taught in schools and supported by the government through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phom Language
Phom is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Phom people of Nagaland, north-eastern India. Its speakers inhabit 36 villages in Longleng District (''Ethnologue''). Alternate names for Phom include Assiringia, Chingmengu, Phom, Phon, Tamlu, and Tamlu Naga (''Ethnologue''). Phonology All phonological charts are from Burling (1998). Vocabulary A large part of the vocabulary of Phom is inherited from proto-Sino-Tibetan Proto-Sino-Tibetan (PST) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Sino-Tibetan language family and the common ancestor of all languages in it, most prominently the Chinese languages, the Tibetan language, Yi, Bai, Burmese, Karen, Tangut, .... References External linksPhom Phonology {{Languages of Northeast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wancho Language
Wancho is a Konyak language of north-eastern India. Wancho is spoken in 36 villages of southeastern Longding district, Tirap district, Arunachal Pradesh, as well as in Assam and Nagaland (''Ethnologue''). Alternate names include Banpara Naga, Joboka, Jokoba. People Wancho is spoken by the Wancho people who have a population of 56,866 according to a 2011 consensus, and mainly populate the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. Although a minority, these inhabitants have a rich culture with rituals, ceremonial practices, religion, and various dialects of Wancho. Dialects ''Ethnologue'' lists the following dialects of Wancho. *Changnoi *Bor Muthun (Bor Mutonia) *Horu Muthun *Kulung Muthun (Mithan) There is significant variation among the dialects spoken in the upper and lower regions. Orthography Wancho is generally written in either Devanagari or Latin script. Between 2001 and 2012, teacher Banwang Losu devised a unique alphabetic Wancho script which is taught in some schools ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konyak Language
Konyak is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Konyak people of Nagaland, northeastern India. Dialects ''Ethnologue'' lists the following dialects of Konyak. Tableng is the standard dialect spoken in Wanching and Wakching. Phonology There are three lexically contrastive contour tones in Konyak – rising (marked in writing by an acute accent – á), falling (marked by a grave accent – à) and level (unmarked). Vowels The vowels , and are lengthened before approximants. doesn't occur finally. Consonants The stops and contrast with the aspirated and . and become voiced intervocalically across morpheme boundaries. The dental is realised as an alveolar if preceded by a vowel with a rising tone. The approximants Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow. Therefore, approximants fall between fricatives, which do prod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
