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Nils Nilsson (researcher)
Nils John Nilsson (February 6, 1933 – April 23, 2019) was an American computer scientist. He was one of the founding researchers in the discipline of artificial intelligence. He was the first Kumagai Professor of Engineering in computer science at Stanford University from 1991 until his retirement. He is particularly known for his contributions to search, planning, knowledge representation, and robotics. Early life and education Nilsson was born in Saginaw, Michigan, in 1933. He received his Ph.D. from Stanford in 1958, and spent much of his career at SRI International, a private research lab spun off from Stanford. Nilsson served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force from 1958 to 1961; he was stationed at the Rome Air Development Center in Rome, New York. Career SRI International Starting in 1966, Nilsson, along with Charles A. Rosen and Bertram Raphael, led a research team in the construction of Shakey, a robot that constructed a model of its environment from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saginaw, Michigan
Saginaw () is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County. The city of Saginaw and Saginaw County are both in the area known as Mid-Michigan. Saginaw is adjacent to Saginaw Charter Township and considered part of Greater Tri-Cities region of Central Michigan. The Saginaw County MSA had a population of 190,124 in 2020. The city is also the largest municipality in the Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City Metropolitan Area, with a combined population of 377,474 in the combined statistical area in 2020. The city proper had a population of 44,202 at the 2020 census. Saginaw was a thriving lumber town in the 19th century and an important industrial city and manufacturing center throughout much of the 20th century. During the late 20th century, its industry and strong manufacturing presence declined, leading to increased unemployment, crime, and a population decline. Neighboring communities, such as Saginaw Charter Township, saw subsequent population increases whil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shakey
Shaky or Shakey may refer to: People Shakey * Shakey Graves, stage name of Americana musician Alejandro Rose-Garcia (born 1987) * Shakey Jake (1925-2007), American street musician and storyteller in Ann Arbor, Michigan * Shakey Jake Harris (1921–1990), American Chicago blues singer, harmonica player and songwriter * Big Walter Horton (1921-1981), American blues harmonica player * Sherwood Johnson (1925-1998), American businessman, founder of Shakey's Pizza * Mike Walton (born 1945), Canadian retired National Hockey League and World Hockey Association player * "Bernard Shakey", pseudonym of Neil Young when he directs films Shaky * Jim Hunt (columnist) (1926–2006), Canadian sports columnist * Thomas Kain (1907–1971), American minor league baseball player and manager, college football referee * Shaky Kane or Shaky 2000, pseudonyms of British writer and psychedelic artist Michael Coulthard * Shakin' Stevens or Shaky, stage names of Welsh rock-and-roll singer and songwriter Micha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IEEE Intelligent Systems
''IEEE Intelligent Systems'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the IEEE Computer Society and sponsored by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), British Computer Society (BCS), and European Association for Artificial Intelligence (EurAI). History The journal was established in 1986 as the quarterly ''IEEE Expert'', changed to bimonthly in 1990. Its name was changed to ''IEEE Intelligent Systems & Their Applications'' in 1997 (already in 1996, the journal's title had become ''IEEE Expert - Intelligent Systems & Their Applications'' with a marked emphasis put on the text ''Intelligent Systems''). Its current name ''IEEE Intelligent Systems'' was given in 2001. The current editor-in-chief is Longbing Cao (University of Technology Sydney). The editor-in-chief emeritus includes James Hendler (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Fei-Yue Wang (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Daniel Zeng (University of Arizona), and V.S. Subrahmanian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AAAI
The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) is an international scientific society devoted to promote research in, and responsible use of, artificial intelligence. AAAI also aims to increase public understanding of artificial intelligence (AI), improve the teaching and training of AI practitioners, and provide guidance for research planners and funders concerning the importance and potential of current AI developments and future directions. History The organization was founded in 1979 under the name "American Association for Artificial Intelligence" and changed its name in 2007 to "Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence". It has in excess of 4,000 members worldwide. In its early history, the organization was presided over by notable figures in computer science such as Allen Newell, Edward Feigenbaum, Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy. The current president is Yolanda Gil, and the president elect is Bart Selman. Conferences and public ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver
The Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver, known by its acronym STRIPS, is an automated planner developed by Richard Fikes and Nils Nilsson in 1971 at SRI International. The same name was later used to refer to the formal language of the inputs to this planner. This language is the base for most of the languages for expressing automated planning problem instances in use today; such languages are commonly known as action languages. This article only describes the language, not the planner. Definition A STRIPS instance is composed of: * An initial state; * The specification of the goal states – situations which the planner is trying to reach; * A set of actions. For each action, the following are included: ** preconditions (what must be established before the action is performed); ** postconditions (what is established after the action is performed). Mathematically, a STRIPS instance is a quadruple \langle P,O,I,G \rangle, in which each component has the following meaning: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A* Search Algorithm
A* (pronounced "A-star") is a graph traversal and path search algorithm, which is used in many fields of computer science due to its completeness, optimality, and optimal efficiency. One major practical drawback is its O(b^d) space complexity, as it stores all generated nodes in memory. Thus, in practical travel-routing systems, it is generally outperformed by algorithms which can pre-process the graph to attain better performance, as well as memory-bounded approaches; however, A* is still the best solution in many cases. Peter Hart, Nils Nilsson and Bertram Raphael of Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International) first published the algorithm in 1968. It can be seen as an extension of Dijkstra's algorithm. A* achieves better performance by using heuristics to guide its search. Compared to Dijkstra's algorithm, the A* algorithm only finds the shortest path from a specified source to a specified goal, and not the shortest-path tree from a specified source to all possi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shakey The Robot
Shakey the Robot was the first general-purpose mobile robot able to reason about its own actions. While other robots would have to be instructed on each individual step of completing a larger task, Shakey could analyze commands and break them down into basic chunks by itself. Due to its nature, the project combined research in robotics, computer vision, and natural language processing. Because of this, it was the first project that melded logical reasoning and physical action. Shakey was developed at the Artificial Intelligence Center of Stanford Research Institute (now called SRI International). Some of the most notable results of the project include the A* search algorithm, the Hough transform, and the visibility graph method. History Shakey was developed from approximately 1966 through 1972 with Charles Rosen, Nils Nilsson and Peter Hart as project managers. Other major contributors included Alfred Brain, Sven Wahlstrom, Bertram Raphael, Richard Duda, Richard Fikes, Tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertram Raphael
Bertram Raphael (born 1936) is an American computer scientist known for his contributions to artificial intelligence. Early life and education Raphael was born in 1936 in New York. He received his bachelor's degree in physics from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1957, and an MS degree in Applied Math from Brown University in 1959. He was a student of Marvin Minsky at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and received his PhD in mathematics in 1964. Career Raphael started at SRI International in 1964 as a consultant. After completing his Ph.D. at MIT, he was at the University of California, Berkeley for an academic year, and subsequently joined SRI full-time in April 1965. He was a long-time member of SRI's Artificial Intelligence Center, and was its director from 1970 to 1973. While at SRI, he helped invent the A* search algorithm and develop Shakey the robot, which was one of the first projects sponsored by DARPA; Raphael directed work on Shakey from 1970 to 1971. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Rosen (scientist)
Charles Rosen (December 7, 1917 – December 8, 2002) was a pioneer in artificial intelligence and founder of SRI International's Artificial Intelligence Center. He led the project that led to the development of Shakey the Robot, "who" now resides in a glass case at the Computer History Museum, in Mountain View, California. Early life and education Raised in Montreal, Rosen became a student at Cooper Union and received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1940; he returned to Montreal to study at McGill University, where he received his M. Eng. (in communications) in 1950. Career While working at the General Electric Research Laboratory, in 1953 Rosen co-authored one of the first textbooks on transistor circuits. In 1956, Rosen received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Syracuse University (with a minor in solid state physics). In 1957, Rosen joined the Stanford Research Institute, where he did much of his artificial intelligence work. In 1959, Rosen co-founded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York (state)
New York, officially the State of New York, is a state in the Northeastern United States. It is often called New York State to distinguish it from its largest city, New York City. With a total area of , New York is the 27th-largest U.S. state by area. With 20.2 million people, it is the fourth-most-populous state in the United States as of 2021, with approximately 44% living in New York City, including 25% of the state's population within Brooklyn and Queens, and another 15% on the remainder of Long Island, the most populous island in the United States. The state is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east; it has a maritime border with Rhode Island, east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest. New York City (NYC) is the most populous city in the United States, and around two-thirds of the state's popul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rome, New York
Rome is a city in Oneida County, New York, United States, located in the Central New York, central part of the state. The population was 32,127 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. Rome is one of two principal cities in the Utica–Rome Metropolitan Statistical Area, which lies in the "Leatherstocking Country" made famous by James Fenimore Cooper's ''Leatherstocking Tales,'' set in frontier days before the American Revolutionary War. Rome is in New York's 22nd congressional district. The city developed at an ancient portage site of Native Americans, including the historic Iroquois nations. This portage continued to be strategically important to Europeans, who also used the main 18th and 19th-century waterways, based on the Mohawk and Hudson rivers, that connected New York City and the Atlantic seaboard to the Great Lakes. The original European settlements developed around fortifications erected in the 1750s to defend the waterway, in particular the British Fort Stanwix ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rome Laboratory
Rome Laboratory (Rome Air Development Center until 1991) is the US "Air Force 'superlab' for command, control, and communications" research and development and is responsible for planning and executing the USAF science and technology program. Organization Rome Lab includes or included the following entities: ;Information Directorate: The Information Directorate develops information technologies for air, space and ground systems, partnering with other federal agencies, allied nations, state and local governments, and more than 50 major universities. The Rome Laboratory Technical Library is located at 525 Brooks Road, Rome, NY. ;Sensors Directorate: Moved to Wright-Patterson AFB under the 1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission Divisions and laboratories of the former Rome Air Development Center (RADC) included the Electronic Warfare Laboratory, High Power Laboratory, Photonics Laboratory, 1968 Electronics Laboratory (dedicated 25 October), RADC Systems Division, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
