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Nicolas Grunitzky
Nicolas Grunitzky (; 5 April 1913 – 27 September 1969) was the second president of Togo and its third head of state. He was President from 1963 to 1967. Grunitzky was Prime Minister of Togo from 1956 to 1958 under the French Colonial ''loi cadre'' system, which created a limited "national" government in their colonial possessions. He was elected Prime Minister of Togo —still under French administration— in 1956. Following the 1963 coup which killed his nationalist political rival and brother-in-law Sylvanus Olympio, Grunitzky was chosen by the military committee of coup leaders to be Togo's second President. Biography He was born in Atakpamé in 1913 to a German father and a Togolese mother (of Yoruba royalty). He studied civil engineering at the ESTP in Paris and was a public administrator before leaving to form his own company. He was the secretary-general of the Togolese Party of Progress and was elected into the Togolese Representative Assembly in 1951. Grunitz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Togo
This is a list of presidents of Togo since the formation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day. A total of four people have served as president (not counting one acting president and two interim military officeholders). Additionally, one person, Faure Gnassingbé, has served on two non-consecutive occasions. Gnassingbé is the incumbent president, since 4 May 2005. Description of the office Election The president of the Republic is elected by universal, direct and secret suffrage for a mandate of five (05) years.Article 59 of the Constitution of 1992. He is re-eligible. The election of the president of the Republic takes place by uninominal majority ballot in one (01) round.Article 60 of the Constitution of 1992. The president of the Republic is elected with the majority of the suffrage expressed. The vote is opened on convocation of the electoral body by decree taken in the Council of Ministers sixty (60) days at least and seventy-five (75) days at most bef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
École Spéciale Des Travaux Publics
École Spéciale des Travaux Publics, du bâtiment et de l'industrie (ESTP Paris) is a French engineering school and grande école located in Paris. History The ESTP was founded in 1891 by Léon Eyrolles and was officially recognized by the State in 1921. It is a general engineering school recognized for leading French higher education in the fields of construction and project management. ESTP Paris is one of the most prestigious civil engineering schools in France. It has trained a total of 24,000 engineers and 7,000 construction site managers. The school has also educated since 1891 site managers in building and public works in an undergraduate program. In 1999 the school formed a partnership with Arts et Métiers ParisTech to offer a double-degree program. Courses The institution offers courses in building engineering, civil engineering, topography, surveying, electrical engineering granting diplomas and degrees for two- and three-year courses. The college was partly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1969 Deaths
This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon. Events January * January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco. * January 5 **Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to London's Gatwick Airport, killing 50 of the 62 people on board and two of the home's occupants. * January 14 – An explosion aboard the aircraft carrier USS ''Enterprise'' near Hawaii kills 27 and injures 314. * January 19 – End of the siege of the University of Tokyo, marking the beginning of the end for the 1968–69 Japanese university protests. * January 20 – Richard Nixon is sworn in as the 37th President of the United States. * January 22 – An assassination attempt is carried out on Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev by deserter Viktor Ilyin. One person is killed, several are injured. Brezhnev escaped unharmed. * January 27 ** Fourteen men, 9 of them Jews, are executed in Baghdad for spying for Israel. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1913 Births
Events January * January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the war. * January 13 – Edward Carson founds the (first) Ulster Volunteer Force, by unifying several existing loyalist militias to resist home rule for Ireland. * January 23 – 1913 Ottoman coup d'état: Ismail Enver comes to power. * January – Stalin (whose first article using this name is published this month) travels to Vienna to carry out research. Until he leaves on February 16 the city is home simultaneously to him, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito alongside Berg, Freud and Jung and Ludwig and Paul Wittgenstein. February * February 1 – New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest railroad station. * February 3 – The 16th Amendment to the United S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Côte D'Ivoire
Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital is Yamoussoukro, in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is the port city of Abidjan. It borders Guinea to the northwest, Liberia to the west, Mali to the northwest, Burkina Faso to the northeast, Ghana to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) to the south. Its official language is French, and indigenous languages are also widely used, including Bété, Baoulé, Dioula, Dan, Anyin, and Cebaara Senufo. In total, there are around 78 different languages spoken in Ivory Coast. The country has a religiously diverse population, including numerous followers of Christianity, Islam, and indigenous faiths. Before its colonization by Europeans, Ivory Coast was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the Kong Empire, and Baoulé. The area became a protectorate of France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnassingbé Eyadema
{{Disambiguation, human name ...
Gnassingbé is an African name which may refer to: * Faure Gnassingbé, President of Togo (2005–present) *Kpatcha Gnassingbé, Togolese politician *Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005) See also *Gnassingbé Eyadéma International Airport Gnassingbé is an African name which may refer to: *Faure Gnassingbé, President of Togo (2005–present) *Kpatcha Gnassingbé, Togolese politician *Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005) See also *Gnassingbé Eyadéma Internati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juvento
Juvento, also known as the Mouvement de Jeunesse Togolaise (lit. ''Togolese Youth Movement''), is a social democratic political party in Togo Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (french: République togolaise), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its c .... History The party was formed 25 September 1951 as a radical youth wing of the Committee of Togolese Unity (CUT). It ran in alliance with the CUT in the 1952 Territorial Assembly elections, with the two parties winning nine of the 30 seats. It did not contest the 1955 elections and failed to win a seat in the 1958 elections, when it received just 0.2% of the vote. The following year it split from the CUT to become a standalone party.Helm, p64 Following the 1963 coup it was one of four parties to join the Reconciliation and National Union, which presented a single list in the 1963 par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of Togolese Unity
The Party of Togolese Unity (french: Parti de l'unité togolaise, PUT), initially known as the Committee of Togolese Unity (''Comité de l'unité togolaise'', CUT) until 1963, was a political party in Togo. The party was formed on 13 March 1941 as CUT and led by Sylvanus Olympio. CUT gradually became more radical, and from 1947 onwards it demanded self-determination. In 1951, a moderate faction broke away and formed the Union of Chiefs and Peoples of the North (UCPN). During the period from 1951 to 1958, CUT was the main opposition party in French Togoland French Togoland (French: '' Togo français'') was a French colonial empires, French colonial League of Nations mandate from 1916 to 1960 in French West Africa. In 1960 it became the independent Togolese Republic, and the present day nation of T ..., and represented the mainstream of the anticolonialist movement in the territory. Electoral history Presidential elections National Assembly elections References * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Chiefs And Peoples Of The North
The Union of Chiefs and Peoples of the North (french: Union des Chefs et des Populations du Nord, UCPN) was a political party in Togo. History The party was established in 1951 as an organisation representing traditional chiefs and notables from northern Togoland,Renate Helm (2004) ''Politische Herrschaft in Togo: das Problem der Demokratisierung'', LIT Verlag Münster, p62 and was allied with the pro-French Togolese Party of Progress (PTP). In the December 1951 Representative Assembly elections it won 12 of the 24 Second College seats.Démocratie coloniale et mascarades électorales au Togo Centre d'Etude d'Afrique Noire - Institut d’études politiques de Bordeaux In the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Legislative Election, 1956 (Togo)
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Togoland on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French elections. Nicolas Grunitzky of the Togolese Party of Progress was elected unopposed.Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Dieter Nohlen & Klaus Landfried (1978) ''Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band II: Afrika, Zweiter Halbband'', p2202 Results References {{Togolese elections Togo Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (french: République togolaise), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its c ... 1956 in French Togoland Elections in Togo January 1956 events in Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Legislative Election, 1951 (Togo)
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Togoland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French elections. Nicolas Grunitzky of the Togolese Party of Progress was elected with 61% of the vote, defeating the incumbent Martin Aku.Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Dieter Nohlen & Klaus Landfried (1978) ''Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band II: Afrika, Zweiter Halbband'', p2202 The result was a reversal of the November 1946 election, in which Aku defeated Grunitzky. Results References {{Togolese elections Togo Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (french: République togolaise), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its c ... 1951 in French Togoland Elections in Togo June 1951 events in Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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