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Nicholas II Garay
Nicholas II Garai ( hu, Garai II Miklós, hr, Nikola II Gorjanski; c. 1367 – December 1433) was a powerful Hungarian baron who served as the Palatine of Hungary from 1402 until 1433 and the ban of Macsó, Usora, Só, Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia. He also ruled over the Braničevo, Syrmia, Bačka, Banat and Baranya regions through vassals. Together with his close ally Stibor of Stiboricz, he remained one of the richest and most powerful nobles in Hungary for over 30 years. Nicholas II Garai also served as ''de facto'' ruler of Hungary next to King Sigismund. In 1416 Sigismund extended their armorial bearings showing the Order of the Dragon and the Order of the Scarf. He presented the patent to his brother-in-law. Nicholas II's first wife was Theodora of Serbia, daughter of Prince Lazar of Serbia. In 1405, he married Anna of Cilli, sister of King Sigismund's second wife, Barbara of Cilli, thereby becoming brother-in-law of the King and Queen of Hungary. His granddaughter A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Franczia Király Czímer-adománya Garai Miklósnak
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version can be written in two forms: the double-storey a and single-storey ɑ. The latter is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type. In English grammar, " a", and its variant " an", are indefinite articles. History The earliest certain ancestor of "A" is aleph (also written 'aleph), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet, which consisted entirely of consonants (for that reason, it is also called an abjad to distinguish it fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 – 9 December 1437) was a monarch as King of Hungary and Croatia ('' jure uxoris'') from 1387, King of Germany from 1410, King of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in 1437, as well as prince-elector of Brandenburg (1378–1388 and 1411–1415). He was the last male member of the House of Luxembourg. Sigismund was the son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV and his fourth wife Elizabeth of Pomerania. He married Queen Mary of Hungary in 1385 and was crowned King of Hungary soon after. He fought to restore and maintain authority to the throne. Mary died in 1395, leaving Sigismund the sole ruler of Hungary. In 1396, Sigismund led the Crusade of Nicopolis, but was decisively defeated by the Ottoman Empire. Afterwards, he founded the Order of the Dragon to fight the Turks and secured the thrones of Croatia, Germany and Bohemia. Sigismund was one of the driving forces behind the Council of Constance (1414–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banate Of Macsó
The Banate of Macsó or the Banate of Mačva ( hu, macsói bánság, sr, Мачванска бановина) was an administrative division (banate) of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, which was located in the present-day region of Mačva, in modern Serbia. Name In sh, Mačvanska banovina ( sr-cyr, Мачванска бановина), la, Banatus Machoviensis, hu, Macsói bánság. History The region of Mačva or Macsó came under Hungarian administration shortly after the death of Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus (1180), but it was returned to emperor Isaac II Angelos upon conclusion of Byzantine-Hungarian alliance (1185). It was retaken by Hungarians (c. 1200) and later administered as part of the feudal domain of duke John Angelos of Syrmia. During that time, the region of Mačva was also known as the ''Lower Syrmia'' (lat. Sirmia ulterior). Rostislav Mikhailovich was mentioned among the dignitaries of Béla IV as Ban of Slavonia in 1247, and from 1254 onward he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ban (title)
Ban () was a noble title used in several states in Central and Southeastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century. The most common examples have been found in Croatia. Sources The first known mention of the title ''ban'' is in the 10th century by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, in the work '' De Administrando Imperio'', in the 30th and 31st chapter "Story of the province of Dalmatia" and "Of the Croats and of the country they now dwell in", dedicated to the Croats and the Croatian organisation of their medieval state. In the 30th chapter, describing in Byzantine Greek, how the Croatian state was divided into eleven (; župas), the ban (), (rules over) (Krbava), ( Lika) (and) (Gacka). In the 31st chapter, describing the military and naval force of Croatia, " Miroslav, who ruled for four years, was killed by the () (, i.e. Pribina)", and after that followed a temporary decrease in the military force of the Croatian Kingdom. In 1029, a Latin charter was publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigismund Of Luxemburg
Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 – 9 December 1437) was a monarch as King of Hungary and Croatia ('' jure uxoris'') from 1387, King of Germany from 1410, King of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in 1437, as well as prince-elector of Brandenburg (1378–1388 and 1411–1415). He was the last male member of the House of Luxembourg. Sigismund was the son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV and his fourth wife Elizabeth of Pomerania. He married Queen Mary of Hungary in 1385 and was crowned King of Hungary soon after. He fought to restore and maintain authority to the throne. Mary died in 1395, leaving Sigismund the sole ruler of Hungary. In 1396, Sigismund led the Crusade of Nicopolis, but was decisively defeated by the Ottoman Empire. Afterwards, he founded the Order of the Dragon to fight the Turks and secured the thrones of Croatia, Germany and Bohemia. Sigismund was one of the driving forces behind the Council of Constance (1414� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ladislaus Of Naples
Ladislaus the Magnanimous ( it, Ladislao, hu, László; 15 February 1377 – 6 August 1414) was King of Naples from 1386 until his death and an unsuccessful claimant to the kingdoms of Hungary and Croatia. Ladislaus was a skilled political and military leader, protector and controller of Pope Innocent VII; however, he earned a bad reputation concerning his personal life. He profited from disorder throughout Italy to greatly expand his kingdom and his power, appropriating much of the Papal States to his own use. He was the last male of the Capetian House of Anjou. Youth Ladislaus was born in Naples on 15 February 1377 during the reign of his grandaunt Queen Joanna I of Naples. He was the son of Charles and Margaret of Durazzo, both members of the Capetian House of Anjou. His parents, having lived for years at the court of their kinsman King Louis I of Hungary, named him after King Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary. In 1379 his father declared war on Joanna and proclaimed himself king w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary, Queen Of Hungary
Mary, also known as Maria of Anjou (, , ; 137117 May 1395), reigned as Queen of Hungary and Croatia (officially 'king') between 1382 and 1385, and from 1386 until her death. She was the daughter of Louis the Great, King of Hungary and Poland, and his wife, Elizabeth of Bosnia. Mary's marriage to Sigismund of Luxembourg, a member of the imperial Luxembourg dynasty, was already decided before her first birthday. A delegation of Polish prelates and lords confirmed her right to succeed her father in Poland in 1379. Having no male siblings, Mary was crowned "king" of Hungary on 17September 1382, seven days after Louis the Great's death. Her mother, who assumed regency, absolved the Polish noblemen from their oath of loyalty to Mary in favor of Mary's younger sister, Jadwiga, in early 1383. The idea of a female monarch remained unpopular among the Hungarian noblemen, the majority of whom regarded Mary's distant cousin, Charles III of Naples, as the lawful heir. To strengthen Mary's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorjani
Gorjani ( hu, Gara; german: Gerendau, Görrach) is a municipality in Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. There are 1,550 inhabitants, 97% of whom are Croats (2011 census). Gorjani village was the seat of the House of Garai (Garay). Name The name of the village in Croatian is plural. History King Béla IV of Hungary granted the eponymous domain of Gara to John of Clan Dorozsma and his son, Stephen, in 1269. The charter of grant mentioned that Stephen was swordbearer to the King's son, Béla, Duke of Slavonia. Stephen's sons, Andrew and Paul, were the ancestors of the two branches of the family. Andrew's son, Nicholas I Garai was Palatine of Hungary from 1375 until his death. Near Gorjani, he courageously defended his cousin and sovereign, Queen Mary of Hungary, and her mother, Elizabeth of Bosnia, from rebels. Gorjani in 1387 was already a market town, which by 1478 held weekly markets. After the Garai family died out, some of their estates were inherited by the Zay of Csömör ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Palisna
John of Palisna ( hr, Ivan od Paližne, la, Joannes de Palisna) (? – 23 March 1391) was a Croatian knight and warrior, prior of Vrana, and Ban of Croatia. Prior of Vrana It is unclear when John of Palisna became prior of Vrana.Hunyadi and Laszlovszky (2001), pp. 285–290. In May 1381 he was already prior, because the citizens of Zadar were complaining about him to the King of Hungary and Croatia. He co-ruled with relative Ivan (John) Anjou Horvat de Radics as a Ban of Croatia from 1385 to 1386, and in 1389. In 1389, groups of crusaders linked to the Knights Hospitaller under a ''Domine Johanne Bano'' are mentioned as fighting in the battle of Kosovo in Annales Forolivienses. ''Domine Johanne Bano'' most probably refers to John of Palisna, although identification with a John Horvat has also been proposed. In the same year, John lost one of his last strongholds in Croatia, the Klis Fortress. Without the help from the Kingdom of Bosnia, John was unable to resist Sigismu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Horvat
John Horvat ( hr, Ivan Horvat; hu, Horváti János; died on 15 August 1394) was a Croato– Hungarian nobleman in the Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia who served as Ban of Macsó from 1376 to 1381, and again between 1385 and 1386. Horvat was the brother of Ladislaus and Paul, Bishop of Zagreb, and nephew of John of Palisna. Together with his uncle, Horvat led the uprising against Queen Mary and her mother and regent, Elizabeth of Bosnia. He assisted King Charles III of Naples in deposing Mary and assuming the Hungarian crown in late 1385. Queen Elizabeth soon had Charles murdered. In 1386, Horvat and his uncle captured the queens in Gorjani and imprisoned them. Elizabeth was strangled on the orders of Horvat's uncle, while Mary was eventually released by her husband, Sigismund of Luxembourg, who had recently been crowned king of Hungary. Horvat's ally was Elizabeth's first cousin, King Tvrtko I of Bosnia, who appointed him and his brothers governors of Usora. Horvat himself was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis I Of Hungary
Louis I, also Louis the Great ( hu, Nagy Lajos; hr, Ludovik Veliki; sk, Ľudovít Veľký) or Louis the Hungarian ( pl, Ludwik Węgierski; 5 March 132610 September 1382), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370. He was the first child of Charles I of Hungary and his wife, Elizabeth of Poland, to survive infancy. A 1338 treaty between his father and Casimir III of Poland, Louis's maternal uncle, confirmed Louis's right to inherit the Kingdom of Poland if his uncle died without a son. In exchange, Louis was obliged to assist his uncle to reoccupy the lands that Poland had lost in previous decades. He bore the title of Duke of Transylvania between 1339 and 1342 but did not administer the province. Louis was of age when he succeeded his father in 1342, but his deeply religious mother exerted a powerful influence on him. He inherited a centralized kingdom and a rich treasury from his father. During the first years of his reign, Louis launched a cru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garai Family
Garai or Garay ( hr, Gorjanski) were a Hungarian-Croatian noble family, a branch of the Dorozsma (Durusma) clan, with notable members in the 14th and 15th centuries. They were lords of Csesznek. Origin The family was descended from the Dorozsma kindred. Béla, Duke of Slavonia, granted the eponymous domain of Gara in Valkó County (now Gorjani in Croatia) to ''Comes'' John and his brother, Stephen, in 1269. The charter of grant mentioned that Stephen was the duke's swordbearer. Stephen's sons, Andrew and Paul, were the ancestors of the two branches of the family. Andrew, the founder of the "Palatine" branch, did not hold offices. He married an unnamed daughter of Ladislaus Nevnai and Yolanda Kórógyi. Nevnai held estates in Valkó and Pozsega Counties. Andrew fathered two sons, Nicholas and Paul, but the latter died young. Their maternal grandmother bequeathed her estates in Baranya County to them. Andrew's brother, Paul, founded the "Bánfi" branch of the family. Notable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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