|
NARBA
The North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA, es, Convenio Regional Norteamericano de Radiodifusión) refers to a series of international treaties that defined technical standards for AM band (mediumwave) radio stations. These agreements also addressed how frequency assignments were distributed among the signatories, with a special emphasis on high-powered clear channel allocations. The initial NARBA bandplan, also known as the "Havana Treaty", was signed by the United States, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti on December 13, 1937, and took effect March 29, 1941. A series of modifications and adjustments followed, also under the NARBA name. NARBA's provisions were largely supplanted in 1983, with the adoption of the Regional Agreement for the Medium Frequency Broadcasting Service in Region 2 (Rio Agreement), which covered the entire Western hemisphere. However, current AM band assignments in North America largely reflect the standards first est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clear-channel Station
A clear-channel station is an AM broadcasting, AM radio station in North America that has the highest protection from Interference (communication), interference from other stations, particularly concerning night-time skywave propagation. The system exists to ensure the viability of cross-country or cross-continent radio service enforced through a series of treaties and statutory laws. Known as Class A stations since 1982, they are occasionally still referred to by their former classifications of Class I-A (the highest classification), Class I-B (the next highest class), or Class I-N (for stations in Alaska too far away to cause interference to the primary clear-channel stations in the lower 48 states). The term "clear-channel" is used most often in the context of North America and the Caribbean, where the concept originated. Since 1941, these stations have been required to maintain an effective radiated power of at least 10,000 watts to retain their status. Nearly all such station ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CBL (AM)
CBLA-FM (99.1 MHz) is a non-commercial Canadian radio station in Toronto, Ontario. Owned and operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the station is the flagship station of the CBC Radio One network, broadcasting a mix of news and talk. In addition to the Toronto market, CBLA also reaches much of Central Ontario with a network of twelve rebroadcasters. The studios are in the Canadian Broadcasting Centre. CBLA-FM has an average effective radiated power (ERP) of 55,100 watts, peaking at 98,000 watts. The transmitter is atop First Canadian Place, at King and Bay Streets. It uses a directional antenna to avoid interference with stations in the U.S. Besides a standard analog transmission, CBLA streams its programming online. History CKGW and CBL CBLA's origins date back to March 5, 1928. That was the official sign on of CKGW at 910 AM, a commercial station owned by Gooderham and Worts, with studios at the King Edward Hotel. However, Gooderham & Worts had been operat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KCBS (AM)
KCBS (740 kHz) is an all-news AM radio station located in San Francisco, California. It is owned by Audacy, Inc. (formerly Entercom), which took over after its merger with CBS Radio. KCBS is the Bay Area's only 24/7, live and local radio station. KCBS shares its Battery Street studios with CBS owned-and-operated television station KPIX-TV 5. The transmitter site is located in Novato. Its programming is simulcast on co-owned 106.9 KFRC-FM plus that station's HD1 digital sub-channel. It is Northern California's primary entry point station for the Emergency Alert System. KCBS operates with a transmitter output of 50,000 watts, and during the daytime can be regularly received as far north as Red Bluff and Hopland and south as far as San Luis Obispo. In good conditions it is also heard as far north as Redding and south to Santa Maria. At night, the station employs a directional antenna, primarily sending its signal to the southeast, in order to protect CFZM in Toronto, the dom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AM Band
Medium wave (MW) is the part of the medium frequency (MF) radio band used mainly for AM radio broadcasting. The spectrum provides about 120 channels with more limited sound quality than FM stations on the FM broadcast band. During the daytime, reception is usually limited to more local stations, though this is dependent on the signal conditions and quality of radio receiver used. Improved signal propagation at night allows the reception of much longer distance signals (within a range of about 2,000 km or 1,200 miles). This can cause increased interference because on most channels multiple transmitters operate simultaneously worldwide. In addition, amplitude modulation (AM) is often more prone to interference by various electronic devices, especially power supplies and computers. Strong transmitters cover larger areas than on the FM broadcast band but require more energy and longer antennas. Digital modes are possible but have not reached momentum yet. MW was the main radio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KYW (AM)
KYW (1060 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to serve Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is one of the oldest continuously operating radio stations in the United States, originating in Chicago before moving to Philadelphia in 1934. KYW's unusual history includes its call sign of only three letters, beginning with a K, rare for a station in the Eastern United States. It broadcasts an all-news radio format and is branded as "KYW Newsradio". KYW serves as the flagship station of Audacy, Inc. KYW's studios are co-located within Audacy's corporate headquarters in Center City Philadelphia and its transmitter and two-tower directional antenna array are located in Lafayette Hill. KYW is a 50,000–watt Class A clear channel station. With a good radio receiver, its nighttime signal can be heard in much of the Eastern United States and Eastern Canada, however, it restricts its signal towards the Southwest United States to protect XECPAE-AM in Mexico City, which shares Cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KWPN (AM)
KWPN (640 kHz, "ESPN Radio 640") is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Moore, Oklahoma, and serving the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. It is owned by Cumulus Media and airs a sports format. While Cumulus owns three sports stations in Oklahoma City, WWLS-FM and WKY have mostly local shows on weekdays, while KWPN carries mostly syndicated programming from ESPN Radio. The studios and offices are on NW 64th Street in Northwest Oklahoma City. KWPN's transmitter is off West Indian Hills Road in Norman. It broadcasts at 5,000 watts by day; because AM 640 is a clear channel frequency, reserved for Class A KFI in Los Angeles, KWPN must reduce power to 1,000 watts at night to avoid interference. A directional antenna is used at all times. History University of Oklahoma On September 26, 1922, the station signed on as WNAD in Norman. It was owned by the University of Oklahoma, with its studios located in Science Hall. In the early days of broadcasting, several univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CKLW (AM)
CKLW (800 AM) is a commercial radio station in Windsor, Ontario, serving Southwestern Ontario and Metro Detroit. CKLW has a news/talk format. It features local hosts in morning and afternoon drive times, with syndicated Canadian hosts in middays and evenings. Evening newscasts are simulcast from CHWI-DT Channel 16 '' CTV Windsor''. CKLW is a 50,000-watt Class B station, using a five-tower array directional antenna with differing patterns day and night. Despite its high power, it must protect Class A clear-channel station XEROK in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, and other Canadian and U.S. stations on 800 AM. The transmitter is off County Road 20 West in southern Essex County, between Amherstburg and Harrow, only a few kilometres from the Lake Erie shoreline. History Overview CKLW was an internationally known Top 40 station in the 1960s and 1970s. During this era, CKLW used a tight Top 40 format known as ''Boss Radio'', devised by radio programmer Bill Drake. However, CKLW never ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WTIC (AM)
WTIC (1080 kHz "WTIC NewsTalk 1080") is a commercial AM radio station in Hartford, Connecticut. It airs a news/talk radio format and is owned by Audacy, Inc. The station's studios and offices are on Executive Drive in Farmington. The transmitter is off Deercliff Road in Avon, Connecticut. WTIC is the primary entry point (PEP) for the Emergency Alert System (EAS) in Connecticut. WTIC is a Class A, clear channel station powered at 50,000 watts, the maximum permitted for U.S. AM stations. It has a non-directional signal in the daytime. To protect the other Class A station on AM 1080, sister station KRLD in Dallas, WTIC uses a directional antenna at night, when radio waves travel farther. The signal can be picked up throughout Southern New England and parts of Vermont, New Hampshire and New York by day. With a good radio, WTIC can be heard over much of the Eastern United States and Eastern Canada at night. Programming On weekdays, WTIC features local shows during the day, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Order 40
The Federal Radio Commission's (FRC) General Order 40, dated August 30, 1928, described the standards for a sweeping reorganization of radio broadcasting in the United States. This order grouped the AM radio band transmitting frequencies into three main categories, which became known as Clear Channel, Regional, and Local. It also included provisions for coordination with Canadian station assignments. The majority of the reassignments resulting from the plan's implementation went into effect on November 11, 1928. Background Radio transmissions in the United States were originally regulated by the Department of Commerce, as authorized by the Radio Act of 1912. The first formal regulations governing broadcasts intended for the general public were adopted effective December 1, 1921. This initially established just two transmitting wavelengths — 360 meters (833 kHz) for "entertainment" broadcasts, and 485 meters (619 kHz) for "market news and weather reports". The number of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KRLD (AM)
KRLD ( ''NewsRadio 1080 KRLD'') is a commercial AM radio station in Dallas, Texas. Owned and operated by Audacy, Inc., the station carries an all news radio format on weekdays, switching to mostly non-political talk radio nights and weekends. Syndicated shows include '' The Dave Ramsey Show'', ''Our American Stories with Lee Habeeb'' and '' America in the Morning with John Trout''. Some weekends hours carry paid brokered programming. Most hours begin with CBS Radio News. The studios and offices are in Uptown Dallas. KRLD is a Class A, , clear channel station. The daytime signal is non-directional, covering North Texas and part of Oklahoma. KRLD shares AM 1080 with Class A WTIC Hartford, so at night, KRLD switches to a directional antenna, using a two-tower array. The transmitter is in Garland, off Saturn Road. KRLD's AM station also broadcasts in HD Radio. KRLD is simulcast over co-owned 105.3 KRLD-FM's secondary HD Radio subchannel. KRLD is also available online vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KFXX (AM)
KFXX (1080 kHz "1080 The FAN") is a commercial AM radio station in Portland, Oregon. It is owned by Audacy, Inc. and runs a sports radio format. The studios and offices are on SW Bancroft Street in Portland. KFXX is one of four sports stations in the Portland radio market, the others being co-owned KMTT, KPOJ (owned by iHeartMedia) and KXTG (owned by Alpha Media). Signal The transmitter site is on NE Marine Drive in the northeast side of Portland along the Columbia River. KFXX is a Class B radio station. By day, it runs the maximum power for commercial AM stations in the U.S., 50,000 watts, audible around much of northwest Oregon and southwest Washington. At night, because AM 1080 is a clear channel frequency, KFXX must reduce power to 9,000 watts, so it does not interfere with co-owned KRLD in Dallas and WTIC in Hartford, the two dominant Class A stations on the frequency. KFXX uses a directional antenna at all times. Programming KFXX is a network affiliate of ESPN R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mediumwave
Medium wave (MW) is the part of the medium frequency (MF) radio band used mainly for AM radio broadcasting. The spectrum provides about 120 channels with more limited sound quality than FM stations on the FM broadcast band. During the daytime, reception is usually limited to more local stations, though this is dependent on the signal conditions and quality of radio receiver used. Improved signal propagation at night allows the reception of much longer distance signals (within a range of about 2,000 km or 1,200 miles). This can cause increased interference because on most channels multiple transmitters operate simultaneously worldwide. In addition, amplitude modulation (AM) is often more prone to interference by various electronic devices, especially power supplies and computers. Strong transmitters cover larger areas than on the FM broadcast band but require more energy and longer antennas. Digital modes are possible but have not reached momentum yet. MW was the main radio ban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> NARBA")
.gif "Click for more on -> KCBS (AM)")
