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Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji
Keļallur Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji (14 June 1444 – 1544), also referred to as Keļallur Comatiri, was a mathematician and astronomer of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. One of his most influential works was the comprehensive astronomical treatise ''Tantrasamgraha'' completed in 1501. He had also composed an elaborate commentary on Aryabhatiya called the ''Aryabhatiya Bhasya''. In this Bhasya, Nilakantha had discussed infinite series expansions of trigonometric functions and problems of algebra and spherical geometry. ''Grahapariksakrama'' is a manual on making observations in astronomy based on instruments of the time. Early life Nilakantha was born into a Brahmin family which came from South Malabar in Kerala. Biographical details Nilakantha Somayaji was one of the very few authors of the scholarly traditions of India who had cared to record details about his own life and times. In one of his works titled ''Siddhanta-star'' and also in his own comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirur
Tirur is a major municipal town in Tirur Taluk, Malappuram district, in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of . It is one of the major business centers in Malappuram district and is situated west of Malappuram and south of Kozhikode, on the Shoranur–Mangalore section under Southern Railway. Tirur is a major trading centre for electronic devices and seafood in Northern Kerala and has an average elevation of above the sea level. History The medieval Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics was mainly centred in and around present-day Tirur Taluk. Puthiyangadi region in Tirur served as the headquarters of the medieval feudal principality of Tanur,Kerala History, A. Shreedhara Menon, 2007 Edition, D C Books, Kottayam who were allied on various occasions to the Zamorins of Calicut, prior to the East India Company rule in the region (1792–1858) and subsequent British Raj (1858–1947). Tirur railway station, built in 1861, is the oldest railway station ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrology
Astrology is a range of Divination, divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions of Celestial objects in astrology, celestial objects. Different cultures have employed forms of astrology since at least the 2nd millennium BCE, these practices having originated in Calendrical calculation, calendrical systems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications. Most, if not all, cultures have attached importance to what they observed in the sky, and some—such as the Hindu astrology, Hindus, Chinese astrology, Chinese, and the Maya civilization, Maya—developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. Western astrology, one of the oldest astrological systems still in use, can trace its roots to 19th–17th century BCE Mesopotamia, fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aryabhata
Aryabhata ( ISO: ) or Aryabhata I (476–550 CE) was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the '' Āryabhaṭīya'' (which mentions that in 3600 '' Kali Yuga'', 499 CE, he was 23 years old) and the ''Arya- siddhanta''. For his explicit mention of the relativity of motion, he also qualifies as a major early physicist. Biography Name While there is a tendency to misspell his name as "Aryabhatta" by analogy with other names having the " bhatta" suffix, his name is properly spelled Aryabhata: every astronomical text spells his name thus, including Brahmagupta's references to him "in more than a hundred places by name". Furthermore, in most instances "Aryabhatta" would not fit the metre either. Time and place of birth Aryabhata mentions in the ''Aryabhatiya'' that he was 23 years old 3,600 years into the '' Kali Yuga'', but this is not to mean that the text was composed at that ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tantrasangraha
Tantrasamgraha, or Tantrasangraha, (literally, ''A Compilation of the System'') is an important astronomical treatise written by Nilakantha Somayaji, an astronomer/mathematician belonging to the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. The treatise was completed in 1501 CE. It consists of 432 verses in Sanskrit divided into eight chapters. Tantrasamgraha had spawned a few commentaries: ''Tantrasamgraha-vyakhya'' of anonymous authorship and ''Yuktibhāṣā'' authored by Jyeshtadeva in about 1550 CE. Tantrasangraha, together with its commentaries, bring forth the depths of the mathematical accomplishments the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics, in particular the achievements of the remarkable mathematician of the school Sangamagrama Madhava. In his ''Tantrasangraha'', Nilakantha revised Aryabhata's model for the planets Mercury and Venus. According to George G Joseph his equation of the centre for these planets remained the most accurate until the time of Johannes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somayajna
The Somayajna () or Somayaga (ISO: ) or Soma sacrifice is a Hindu ritual. It is a type of Yajna associated with the lunar cycle, and regarded to be performed for the maintenance of the cosmic order. This ritual is based on methods described in the Vedas. Soma is used as the main offering in this Yajna, regarded to be able to propitiate deities. It is prescribed to be performed only by the Brahmanas. A priest who performs this Yajna is termed as a Somayaji. Types The seven types of Somayajna are: * ''Agniṣṭoma'' – The first and main type, the six others are considered variations of this * ''Uktya'' * ''Ṣoḍaśī'' *''Atyagniṣṭoma'' * ''Atirātra'' * ''Āptoryāma'' *''Vājapeya'' See also * Vedas * Yajna In Hinduism, ''Yajna'' or ''Yagna'' (, Help:IPA/Sanskrit, ɐd͡ʒɲə ) also known as Hawan, is a ritual done in front of a sacred fire, often with mantras. Yajna has been a Vedas, Vedic tradition, described in a layer of Vedic literature ... Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Namputiri
The Nambudiri (), also transliterated as Nampoothiri, Nambūdiri, Namboodiri, Namboothiri, Namboodri, Namboori, and Nampūtiri, are a Malayali Brahmin caste, native to what is now the state of Kerala, India, where they constituted part of the traditional feudal elite. Headed by the Azhvanchery Thamprakkal Samrāṭ, the Nambudiris were the highest ranking caste in Kerala. They owned a large portion of the land in the region of Malabar District, and together with the Nair monarchs of Kerala, the Nambudiris formed the landed aristocracy known as the Jenmimar, until the Kerala Land Reforms starting in 1957. The Nambudiris have traditionally lived in ancestral homes known as Illams and have been described by anthropologist Joan Mencher as, "A wealthy, aristocratic landed caste of the highest ritual and secular rank." Venerated as the carriers of the Sanskrit language and ancient Vedic culture, the Nambudiris held more power and authority than the kings and were "above and outs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan
Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan (, ) ( ''fl.'' 16th century) was a Malayalam devotional poet, translator and linguist. He was one of the prāchīna kavithrayam (old triad) of Malayalam literature, the other two being Kunchan Nambiar and Cherusseri. He has been called the "Father of Modern Malayalam Literature", and the "Primal Poet in Malayalam". He was one of the pioneers of a major shift in Kerala's literary culture (the domesticated religious textuality associated with the Bhakti movement). His work is published and read far more than that of any of his contemporaries or predecessors in Kerala. He was born in a place called Thunchaththu in present-day Tirur in the Malappuram district of northern Kerala, in a traditional Hindu family. Little is known with certainty about his life. He was not from a brahmin community and for long, brahmins of kerala were reluctant to accept him. His success even in his own lifetime seems to have been great.'''' Later he and his follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramesvara
Vatasseri Parameshvara Nambudiri ( 1380–1460) was a major Indian mathematician and astronomer of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics founded by Madhava of Sangamagrama. He was also an astrologer. Parameshvara was a proponent of observational astronomy in medieval India and he himself had made a series of eclipse observations to verify the accuracy of the computational methods then in use. Based on his eclipse observations, Parameshvara proposed several corrections to the astronomical parameters which had been in use since the times of Aryabhata. The computational scheme based on the revised set of parameters has come to be known as the ''Drgganita'' or Drig system. Parameshvara was also a prolific writer on matters relating to astronomy. At least 25 manuscripts have been identified as being authored by Parameshvara. Biographical details Parameshvara was a Hindu of Bhrgugotra following the Ashvalayanasutra of the Rigveda. Parameshvara's family name (''Illam'') was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damodara
Vatasseri Damodara Nambudiri was an astronomer-mathematician of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics who flourished during the fifteenth century CE. He was a son of Paramesvara (1360–1425) who developed the ''drigganita'' system of astronomical computations. The family home of Paramesvara was Vatasseri (sometimes called Vatasreni) in the village of Alathiyur, Tirur in Kerala. Damodara was a teacher of Nilakantha Somayaji. As a teacher he initiated Nilakantha into the science of astronomy and taught him the basic principles in mathematical computations. See also *List of astronomers and mathematicians of the Kerala school References {{Authority control Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics 15th-century Indian mathematicians People from Malappuram district Scientists from Kerala 15th-century Indian astronomers Scholars from Kerala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vedanta
''Vedanta'' (; , ), also known as ''Uttara Mīmāṃsā'', is one of the six orthodox (Āstika and nāstika, ''āstika'') traditions of Hindu philosophy and textual exegesis. The word ''Vedanta'' means 'conclusion of the Vedas', and encompasses the ideas that emerged from, or aligned and reinterpreted, the speculations and enumerations contained in the Upanishads, focusing, with varying emphasis, on devotion, knowledge and liberation. Vedanta developed into many traditions, all of which give their specific interpretations of a common group of texts called the ''Prasthanatrayi, Prasthānatrayī'', translated as 'the three sources': the ''Upanishads'', the ''Brahma Sutras'', and the ''Bhagavad Gita''. All Vedanta traditions are exegetical in nature, but also contain extensive discussions on ontology, soteriology, and epistemology, even as there is much disagreement among the various traditions. Independently considered, they may seem completely disparate due to the pronounced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thrikkandiyoor
Thrikkandiyoor is a village in Tirur Block in Malappuram district of Kerala state in India. The village is known for a Shiva Temple located at the heart of the village. Devotees of Shiva believe that the idol in the temple was installed by Parashurama, the creator of Kerala. It is also believed that this is one of the 108 temples in Kerala constructed under the directions of Parashurama. Another feature of the temple is that there is a clean pond facing the temple, and the area of pond is exactly equal to area of the temple land. The village is adjacent to Tirur Municipal Town and the Shiva temple is located about 2 km to the south of Tirur Railway Station. Thunchan Parambu, the birthplace of Thunchath Ramanujan Ezhuthachan, is located in Tirur Town. Historical importance Although Thrikkandiyoor is now a sleepy village with village folks living out their daily uneventful days, a few centuries ago the village and the surrounding villages were the center of great intel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rigveda
The ''Rigveda'' or ''Rig Veda'' (, , from wikt:ऋच्, ऋच्, "praise" and wikt:वेद, वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian Miscellany, collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canonical Hindu texts (''śruti'') known as the Vedas. Only one Shakha of the many survive today, namely the Shakala Shakha, Śakalya Shakha. Much of the contents contained in the remaining Shakhas are now lost or are not available in the public forum. The ''Rigveda'' is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text. Its early layers are among the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European language. Most scholars believe that the sounds and texts of the ''Rigveda'' have been orally transmitted with precision since the 2nd millennium BCE, through Indian mathematics#Styles of memorisation, methods of memorisation of exceptional complexity, rigour and fidelity, though the dates are not confirmed and remain contentious till concrete evidence surfaces. Philolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
