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Nusrati
Muḥammad Nuṣrat (died 1674), called Nuṣratī ('victorious'), was a Deccani Urdu poet. Life Nuṣratī was born in the Carnatic region into an elite Muslim family of Brahmin origin. He lived as a Sufi dervish before moving to Bijapur. There he was made a ''mansabdar'' under Sultan ʿAlī II () of the ʿĀdil-Shāhī dynasty. For his poem ''ʿAlī-nāma'' (), he was named poet laureate (''malik al-shuʿarāʾ''). He died at an old age in 1674 or 1683. Works Nuṣratī wrote in the Deccani variety of Urdu and Persian. His poetry uses archaic language and a complex style. He was a prominent practitioner of the '' qaṣīda'', ''ghazal'' and especially '' mathnawī'' forms. One of his earliest works, ''Miʿrāj-nāma'', was written for Sultan Muḥammad ʿĀdil Shāh (). His most original work is the ''ʿAlī-nāma'', an epic celebration of ʿAlī II's wars against the Mughals and Marathas. It is the earliest panegyric of a ruler in Deccani. Nuṣratī himself claimed to ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulshan-i 'Ishq
The ''Gulshan-i 'Ishq'' ("The Rose Garden of Love") is a romantic poem written in 1657 by the Indian Sufi poet Nusrati. Written in the Deccani language, it combines literary and cultural traditions from India and Iran. It describes the journey of a prince through a series of fantastical scenes in search of a woman he saw in a dream, leading to their union in a rose garden. Manuscripts of the poem, illustrated with lavish paintings, have survived from the 18th century to the present day. Background Nusrati was a poet laureate in the court of Ali Adil Shah II, the Sultan of Bijapur. He has been described as Bijapur's greatest poet. His poem takes inspiration from another Sufi romance, the 16th-century '' Madhumalati'' written in the Hindawi language by Sayyid Manjhan Shattari Rajgiri. It also resembles ''Mihr-o-Māh'', a Persian poem written in the Mughal court three years before the ''Gulshan-i 'Ishq''. Deccani poetry at this time was strongly influenced by Persian poetry, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nusrati
Muḥammad Nuṣrat (died 1674), called Nuṣratī ('victorious'), was a Deccani Urdu poet. Life Nuṣratī was born in the Carnatic region into an elite Muslim family of Brahmin origin. He lived as a Sufi dervish before moving to Bijapur. There he was made a ''mansabdar'' under Sultan ʿAlī II () of the ʿĀdil-Shāhī dynasty. For his poem ''ʿAlī-nāma'' (), he was named poet laureate (''malik al-shuʿarāʾ''). He died at an old age in 1674 or 1683. Works Nuṣratī wrote in the Deccani variety of Urdu and Persian. His poetry uses archaic language and a complex style. He was a prominent practitioner of the '' qaṣīda'', ''ghazal'' and especially '' mathnawī'' forms. One of his earliest works, ''Miʿrāj-nāma'', was written for Sultan Muḥammad ʿĀdil Shāh (). His most original work is the ''ʿAlī-nāma'', an epic celebration of ʿAlī II's wars against the Mughals and Marathas. It is the earliest panegyric of a ruler in Deccani. Nuṣratī himself claimed to ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Adil Shah II
Ali Adil Shah II (; reigned 4 November 1656 – 24 November 1672) was the 8th Sultan of Bijapur. He succeeded to the throne of Bijapur through the efforts of the Prime Minister Khan Muhammad and the Queen, Badi Sahiba, sister of Qutb Shah of Golkonda on the death of Mohammed Adil Shah of Bijapur on 4 November 1656. His accession signaled disasters to the Kingdom and his reign marked the decline of the Bijapur Kingdom. Reign Shah Jahan, anxious to annex Bijapur to his empire, found a pretext in the legitimacy of Ali’s parents. On Aurangzeb’s plea, Shah Jahan sanctioned the invasion of Bijapur and gave him a free hand to deal with the situation. This sanction of such a war was wholly unrighteous. Bijapur was not a vassal state of the Mughals, but an independent and equal ally of the Mughal Emperor, and the latter had no lawful right to confirm or question the succession to the Bijapur Sultanate. However, Aurangzeb had to raise the siege and rush north for the war of su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deccani Language
Deccani ( ''dakanī'' or ''dakhanī''; also known as Deccani Urdu, Deccani Hindi, and Deccani Hindustani) is an Indo-Aryan language variety based on a form of Hindustani spoken in the Deccan region of south-central India and is the native language variety of the Deccani people. The historical form of Deccani sparked the development of Urdu literature during the late-Mughal period. Deccani arose as a ''lingua franca'' under the Delhi Sultanate and Bahmani Sultanates, as trade and migration from the north introduced Hindustani to the Deccan. It later developed a literary tradition under the patronage of the Deccan Sultanates. Deccani itself came to influence modern standard Urdu and later Hindi. The Deccani language has an Indo-Aryan core vocabulary, though it incorporated loanwords from Persian, which was the official language of the Deccan Sultanates. Additionally, Deccani differs from northern Hindustani sociolects due to archaisms retained from the medieval era, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adil Shahi Dynasty
The Sultanate of Bijapur was an early modern kingdom in the western Deccan and South India, ruled by the Muslim Adil Shahi (or Adilshahi) dynasty. Bijapur had been a ''taraf'' (province) of the Bahmani Kingdom prior to its independence in 1490 and before the kingdom's political decline in the last quarter of the 15th century. It was one of the Deccan sultanates, the collective name of the kingdom's five successor states. The Sultanate of Bijapur was one of the most powerful states on the Indian Subcontinent at its peak, second to the Mughal Empire which conquered it in 1686 under Aurangzeb. After emigrating to the Bahmani Sultanate, Yusuf Adil Shah rose through the ranks to be appointed governor of the province of Bijapur. In 1490, he created a ''de facto'' independent Bijapur state which became formally independent with the Bahmani collapse in 1518. The Bijapur Sultanate's borders changed considerably throughout its history. Its northern boundary remained relatively stable, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marathas
The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Maratha states under the nominal leadership of the former. The Marathas were a Marathi language, Marathi-speaking peasantry group from the western Deccan Plateau (present-day Maharashtra) that rose to prominence under leadership of Shivaji (17th century), who revolted against the Bijapur Sultanate and the Mughal Empire for establishing "Hindavi Swarajya" (). The religious attitude of Aurangzeb, Emperor Aurangzeb estranged Kafir, non-Muslims, and the Deccan wars, Maratha insurgency came at a great cost for his men and treasury. The Maratha government also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from other Marathi people, Marathi groups. Shivaji's monarchy, referred to as the Maratha Kingdom, expanded into a large realm in the 18th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panegyric
A panegyric ( or ) is a formal public speech or written verse, delivered in high praise of a person or thing. The original panegyrics were speeches delivered at public events in ancient Athens. Etymology The word originated as a compound of - 'all' (the form taken by the word πᾶν, neuter of πᾶς 'all', when that is used as a prefix) and the word 'assembly' (an Aeolic dialect form, corresponding to the Attic or Ionic form ). Compounded, these gave 'general or national assembly, especially a festival in honour of a god' and the derived adjective 'of or for a public assembly or festival'. In Hellenistic Greek the noun came also to mean 'a festal oration, laudatory speech', and the adjective 'of or relating to a eulogy, flattering'. The noun had been borrowed into Classical Latin by around the second century CE, as ''panēgyris'' 'festival' (in post-Classical usage also 'general assembly'). Correspondingly, Classical Latin also included the adjective ''panēgyricus'', whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahnameh
The ''Shahnameh'' (, ), also transliterated ''Shahnama'', is a long epic poem written by the Persian literature, Persian poet Ferdowsi between and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 distichs or couplets (two-line verses), the ''Shahnameh'' is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the Persian mythology, mythical and to some extent the historical past of the Persian Empire from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest of Persia, Muslim conquest in the seventh century. Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and the greater Greater Iran, region influenced by Persian culture such as Armenia, Dagestan, Georgia (country), Georgia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic. The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural ide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shivaji
Shivaji I (Shivaji Shahaji Bhonsale, ; 19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680) was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle dynasty. Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the Sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned the ''Chhatrapati'' of his realm at Raigad Fort. Shivaji offered passage and his service to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb to invade the declining Sultanate of Bijapur. After Aurangzeb's departure for the north due to a war of succession, Shivaji conquered territories ceded by Bijapur in the name of the Mughals. Following his defeat at the hands of Jai Singh I, the senior most general ("Mirza (noble), Mirza Raja") of the Mughal Empire, in the Battle of Purandar, Shivaji entered into vassalage with the Mughal empire, assuming the role of a Mughal chief and was conferred with the title of ''Raja (title), Raja'' by Aurangzeb. He undertook military expeditions on behalf of the Mughal Empire for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan Of Bijapur
Mohammed Adil Shah (reigned 12 September 1627 – 4 November 1656) was the seventh sultan of Adil Shahi, Bijapur, ascending the throne in 1627. During his reign, he assisted the Mughals with their campaigns against the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, Ahmednagar Sultanate and signed a peace treaty with them in 1636. He died in 1656 and was buried in the Gol Gumbaz. Rule Although Darvesh Padshah was Ibrahim's eldest son, Mohammed Adil Shah was raised to the throne in 1627 on his father's death, at the age of fifteen. Mohammed Adil Shah of Bijapur partnered with the Mughal Empire, Mughals in their conquest of Ahmednagar. Mohammed maintained friendly relations with Shah Jahan and made a peace treaty of 1636, after the extinction of Ahmednagar. By a firman of Shah Jahan, he got assurances for the end of Mughal aggression against Bijapur, Karnataka, Bijapur and due to his good relations with the Mughals, Shah Jahan formally recognized Muhammad's sovereignty and bestowed upon him the title o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Umrani
The Battle of Umrani was a 1673 Indian conflict between the Bijapur Sultanate and the Marathas west of Bijapur. Background Panhala was captured by Shivaji in 1673 alerted Bijapur. Bahlol Khan set out with 12000 troops to check Maratha The Marathi people (; Marathi: , ''Marāṭhī lōk'') or Marathis (Marathi: मराठी, ''Marāṭhī'') are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are native to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-A ... offensive and reached Umarrani (45 km west of Bijapur). Shivaji, who was at Panhala learnt about the advance of Bijapur army and dispatched Prataprao Gujar and Anandrao with 10,000 to 15,000 army. Battle Maratha Army reached Umarrani within 2 days and cut the enemy off from their water supply. According to ''Basatslin-us Salatin,'' Maratha Empire, Marathas numbering from 10,000 to 15,000 encircled Bholal Khan (other sources do not mention this event). The battle that followed was confined for some t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
