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Novavax
Novavax, Inc. is an American biotechnology company based in Gaithersburg, Maryland, that develops vaccines to counter serious infectious diseases. Prior to 2020, company scientists developed experimental vaccines for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), as well as Ebola and other emerging infectious diseases. During 2020, the company redirected its efforts to focus on development and approval of its NVX-CoV2373 vaccine for COVID-19. The COVID-19 vaccine Nuvaxovid was approved in the European Union at the end of 2021, and in Canada in February 2022, as the fifth vaccine against COVID-19, following Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, Janssen and AstraZeneca. History In June 2013, Novavax acquired the Matrix-M adjuvant platform with the purchase of Swedish company Isconova AB and renamed its new subsidiary Novavax AB. ResVax In March 2015, the company completed a Phase I trial for its Ebola vaccine candidate, as well as a phase II study in adults for its respirator ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NVX-CoV2373
The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Nuvaxovid and Covovax, among others, is a subunit vaccine, subunit COVID-19 vaccine developed by Novavax and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. Updated versions of the vaccine have been developed to provide coverage against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, Omicron variant, with different formulas for 2023–2024 (containing a recombinant coronavirus spike protein, spike protein from lineage XBB.1.5) and 2024–2025 (containing recombinant spike protein from lineage JN.1). Medical uses The Novavax COVID19 vaccine is Indication (medicine), indicated for active immunization to prevent COVID-19, COVID19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. In the US, Nuvaxovid is indicated for active immunization to prevent COVID19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in adults aged 65 years of age and older. Nuvaxovid is also indicated for individuals aged 12 through 64 years of age who have at least one underlying condition that puts them at hig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine
The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Nuvaxovid and Covovax, among others, is a subunit COVID-19 vaccine developed by Novavax and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. Updated versions of the vaccine have been developed to provide coverage against the Omicron variant, with different formulas for 2023–2024 (containing a recombinant spike protein from lineage XBB.1.5) and 2024–2025 (containing recombinant spike protein from lineage JN.1). Medical uses The Novavax COVID19 vaccine is indicated for active immunization to prevent COVID19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. In the US, Nuvaxovid is indicated for active immunization to prevent COVID19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in adults aged 65 years of age and older. Nuvaxovid is also indicated for individuals aged 12 through 64 years of age who have at least one underlying condition that puts them at high risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19. Efficacy In December 2021, Novavax reported that its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matrix-M
Matrix-M is a vaccine adjuvant, a substance that is added to various vaccines to stimulate the immune response. It was patented in 2020 by Novavax and is composed of nanoparticles from saponins extracted from '' Quillaja saponaria'' (soapbark) trees, cholesterol, and phospholipids. It is an immune stimulating complex ( ISCOM), which are nanospheres formed when saponin is mixed with two types of fats. Composition Matrix-M contains a complex mix of saponins extracted from the bark of soapbark trees (Quillaia) packaged into nanoparticles made of cholesterol and phospholipids. 15% of the nanoparticles are known as Matrix-C and contain saponins derived from "Fraction C" of the tree bark extract (mainly QS-21). Matrix-C has strong adjuvant activity but is also highly reactogenic (lethargy and lethality in mice). The remaining 85% are known as Matrix-A and contain "Fraction A" saponins. Matrix-A is a weaker adjuvant but is also very well tolerated. Combined, they form a strong adjuvan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quillaja Saponaria
''Quillaja saponaria'', the soap bark tree or soapbark, is an evergreen tree in the family Quillajaceae, native to warm temperate central Chile. In Chile it occurs from 32nd parallel south, 32 to 40th parallel south, 40° South Latitude approximately and at up to 2000 m (6500 ft) above sea level. It can grow to 15–20 m (50–65 ft) in height. The tree has thick, dark bark; smooth, leathery, shiny, oval evergreen Leaf, leaves 3–5 cm long; white star-shaped flowers 15 mm diameter borne in dense corymbs; and a dry fruit with five follicles each containing 10–20 seeds. The tree has several practical and commercial uses. Habitat This tree occurs at elevations up to 2000 metres. The species is drought resistant, and tolerates about −12 °C (10 °F) in its natural habitat. Examples of specific occurrences are in central Chile in the forests of La Campana National Park and Cerro La Campana, in which locales it is associated with the Chilean win ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ebola Vaccine
Ebola vaccines are vaccines either approved or in development to prevent Ebola. As of 2022, there are only vaccines against the Zaire ebolavirus. The first vaccine to be approved in the United States was rVSV-ZEBOV in December 2019. It had been used extensively in the Kivu Ebola epidemic under a compassionate use protocol. During the early 21st century, several vaccine candidates displayed efficacy to protect nonhuman primates (usually macaques) against lethal infection. Vaccines include replication-deficient adenovirus vectors, replication-competent vesicular stomatitis (VSV) and human parainfluenza (HPIV-3) vectors, and virus-like nanoparticle preparations. Conventional trials to study efficacy by exposure of humans to the pathogen after immunization are not ethical in this case. For such situations, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established the " animal efficacy rule" allowing licensure to be approved on the basis of animal model studies that repl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine
The Janssen COVID19 vaccine, (Ad26.COV2.S) sold under the brand name Jcovden, is a COVID19 vaccine that was developed by Janssen Vaccines in Leiden, Netherlands, and its Belgium, Belgian parent company Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of American company Johnson & Johnson. It is a viral vector vaccine based on a human adenovirus that has been modified to contain the gene for making the coronavirus spike protein, spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID19. The body's immune system responds to this spike protein to produce Antibody, antibodies. The vaccine requires only one dose and does not need to be stored frozen. Clinical trials for the vaccine were started in June 2020, with Phase III trials, phaseIII involving around 43,000 people. In January 2021, Janssen announced that 28 days after a completed vaccination, the vaccine was 66% effective in a one-dose regimen in preventing symptomatic COVID19, with an 85% efficacy in preventing severe COVID19 and 100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phase III Trial
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays. Description Clinical trials testing potential medical products are commonly classified into four phases. The drug development process will normally proceed through all four phases over many years. When expressed specifically, a clinical trial phase is capitalized both in name and Roman numeral, such as "Phase I" clinical trial. If the drug successfully passes through Phases I, II, and III, it will usually be approved by the national regulatory auth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phospholipid
Phospholipids are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule). Marine phospholipids typically have omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA integrated as part of the phospholipid molecule. The phosphate group can be modified with simple organic molecules such as choline, ethanolamine or serine. Phospholipids are a key component of all cell membranes. They can form lipid bilayers because of their amphiphilic characteristic. In eukaryotes, cell membranes also contain another class of lipid, sterol, interspersed among the phospholipids. The combination provides fluidity in two dimensions combined with mechanical strength against rupture. Purified phospholipids are produced commercially and have found applications in nanotechnology and materials science. The first phospholipid identified in 1847 as such in biological tissues w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body Tissue (biology), tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in Animal fat, animal fats and oils. Cholesterol is biosynthesis, biosynthesized by all animal Cell (biology)#Eukaryotic cells, cells and is an essential structural and cholesterol signaling, signaling component of animal cell membranes. In vertebrates, hepatocyte, hepatic cells typically produce the greatest amounts. In the brain, astrocytes produce cholesterol and transport it to neurons. It is absent among prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), although there are some exceptions, such as ''Mycoplasma'', which require cholesterol for growth. Cholesterol also serves as a Precursor (chemistry), precursor for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, bile acid and vitamin D. Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood, especially when bound to low-density lipoprotein (LDL, often referred to as "bad cholesterol"), may increase the risk of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dysopsis Glechomoides
''Dysopsis glechomoides'' is a plant species of the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to Chile and southern Argentina ( Río Negro, Tierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuego (, ; Spanish for "Land of Fire", rarely also Fireland in English) is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South America, South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of the main is ...).Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i–viii, 1–1181 References Acalypheae Flora of Chile Flora of Argentina Plants described in 1820 {{Euphorbiaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saponin
Saponins (Latin ''sapon'', 'soap' + ''-in'', 'one of') are bitter-tasting, usually toxic plant-derived secondary metabolites. They are organic chemicals that become foamy when agitated in water and have high molecular weight. They are present in a wide range of plant species throughout the bark, leaves, stems, roots and flowers but particularly in soapwort (genus '' Saponaria''), a flowering plant, the soapbark tree ('' Quillaja saponaria''), common corn-cockle ('' Agrostemma githago'' L.), baby's breath ( ''Gypsophila'' spp.) and soybeans ('' Glycine max'' L.). They are used in soaps, medicines (e.g. drug adjuvants), fire extinguishers, dietary supplements, steroid synthesis, and in carbonated beverages (for example, being responsible for maintaining the head on root beer). Saponins are both water and fat soluble, which gives them their useful soap properties. Some examples of these chemicals are glycyrrhizin ( licorice flavoring) and quillaia (alt. quillaja), a bark ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
F Lipoprotein
Fusion glycoprotein F0 of the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a critical fusion glycoprotein that facilitates entry of the virus into host cells by mediating the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. This class I fusion protein is synthesized as an inactive precursor (F0), which undergoes cleavage to form two disulfide In chemistry, a disulfide (or disulphide in British English) is a compound containing a functional group or the anion. The linkage is also called an SS-bond or sometimes a disulfide bridge and usually derived from two thiol groups. In inorg ... linked subunits, F1 and F2, that are essential for its fusion activity. The RSV F protein exists in two conformations: a metastable prefusion form and a stable postfusion form, with the prefusion form being a major target for neutralizing antibodies due to its role in viral entry. The structural transitions of the F protein during the fusion process are crucial for its function, making it a significan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
