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Nor-LSD
Nor-LSD, or norLSD, also known as ''N'',''N''-diethyl-6-norlysergamide or as ''N''-desmethyllysergic acid diethylamide (''N''-desmethyl-LSD), is a serotonin receptor modulator and putative psychedelic of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the analogue of LSD in which the methyl group at the 6 position of the ergoline ring system has been removed. Use and effects According to Alexander Shulgin, nor-LSD showed no psychedelic effects at assessed doses of up to 500μg in humans, whereas LSD was active at doses as low as 50μg. Higher doses of nor-LSD do not appear to have been assessed. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics The drug showed 5- to 29-fold lower affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor compared to LSD (Ki = 30–158nM vs. 5.4nM, respectively). It also showed affinity for the serotonin 5-HT1 receptor. In another more recent study however, nor-LSD showed similar or even higher affinities, activational potencies, and/or efficacies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Lysergamide
Lysergamides, also known as ergoamides or as lysergic acid amides, are amides of lysergic acid (LA). They are ergolines, with some lysergamides being found naturally in ergot as well as other fungi. Lysergamides are notable in containing embedded phenethylamine and tryptamine moieties within their ergoline ring system. The simplest lysergamides are ergine (lysergic acid amide; LSA) and isoergine (iso-lysergic acid amide; iso-LSA). In terms of pharmacology, the lysergamides include numerous serotonin and dopamine receptor agonists, most notably the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) but also a number of pharmaceutical drugs like ergometrine, methylergometrine, methysergide, and cabergoline. Various analogues of LSD, such as the psychedelics ALD-52 (1A-LSD), ETH-LAD, LSZ, and 1P-LSD and the non-hallucinogenic 2-bromo-LSD (BOL-148), have also been developed. Ergopeptines like ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, and bromocriptine are also lysergamides, but with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ETH-LAD
ETH-LAD, or ETHLAD, also known as 6-ethyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide (6-ethyl-6-nor-LSD), is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; also known as METH-LAD). It is slightly more potent than LSD and is among the most potent psychedelics known. The drug has been encountered as a novel designer drug in Europe. In addition, a prodrug of ETH-LAD, 1P-ETH-LAD, has been developed and encountered. Use and effects ETH-LAD is slightly more potent than LSD in both animals and humans. It is about 1.6- to 2.3-fold more potent than LSD in rodent drug discrimination tests. The drug's human dose range is 20 to 150μg orally, compared to a range of 50 to 200μg given for LSD, and it is said to be roughly twice as potent as LSD in humans. As such, ETH-LAD is one of the most potent serotonergic psychedelics in humans known, if not the most potent known psychedelic. Moreover, it has been said that LSD can no longer be considered the most pot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German ; often referred to as acid or lucy), is a Semisynthesis, semisynthetic, Hallucinogen, hallucinogenic compound derived from ergot, known for its powerful psychological effects and Serotonin, serotonergic activity. It was historically significant in psychiatry and 1960s counterculture; it is currently legally restricted but experiencing renewed scientific interest and increasing use. When taken orally, LSD has an onset of action within 0.4 to 1.0 hours (range: 0.1–1.8 hours) and a duration of effect lasting 7 to 12 hours (range: 4–22 hours). It is commonly administered via tabs of Blotting paper, blotter paper. LSD is extremely potent, with noticeable effects at doses as low as 20 Microgram, micrograms and is sometimes taken in much smaller amounts for microdosing. Yet no fatal human overdoses have been documented. LSD is mainly used recreationally or for spiritual purposes. LSD can cause mystical experiences. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AL-LAD
AL-LAD, also known as 6-allyl-6-nor-LSD, is a psychedelic drug of the substituted lysergamide, lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It was first described by 1976. Subsequently, the drug was described by Alexander Shulgin in his 1997 book ''TiHKAL'' (''Tryptamines i Have Known And Loved''). Later, AL-LAD was encountered as a novel designer drug, designer recreational drug by 2015. Use and effects AL-LAD is taken oral administration, orally at similar doses as LSD, but has a slightly shorter duration of action, duration of 6 to 8hours instead of 8 to 12hours. While AL-LAD has subtly different effects than LSD, and appears to be slightly shorter-lasting, their potency (pharmacology), potencies are similar; an active dose of AL-LAD is reported to be between 50 and 150 micrograms. Interactions Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics AL-LAD was about 3.5-fold more potency (pharmacology), potent than LSD in substituting for LSD in drug discrimination tests in rod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PARGY-LAD
PARGY-LAD, also known as 6-propynyl-6-nor-LSD or 6-propargyl-6-nor-LSD, is an analogue of LSD. It was developed by David E. Nichols and colleagues at Purdue University in the 1980s and is described by Alexander Shulgin in his 1997 book ''TiHKAL''. PARGY-LAD is a hallucinogenic drug similar to LSD, but is considerably less potent than LSD, with a dose of 160μg producing only mild effects, and 500μg required for full activity. See also * Substituted lysergamide Lysergamides, also known as ergoamides or as lysergic acid amides, are amides of lysergic acid (LA). They are ergolines, with some lysergamides being found naturally in ergot as well as other fungi. Lysergamides are notable in containing embed ... References External links PARGY-LAD - Isomer DesignPARGY-LAD - PsychonautWiki Diethylamino compounds Propargyl compounds Psychedelic lysergamides {{Hallucinogen-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BU-LAD
BU-LAD, also known as 6-butyl-6-nor-LSD or 6-butyl-6-''nor''-lysergic acid diethylamide, is an analogue of LSD first described by David E. Nichols and colleagues in the 1980s. According to Alexander Shulgin, BU-LAD is a psychedelic drug Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness". Also referred to as classic halluc ... similar to LSD, but is significantly less potent than LSD, with a dose of 500μg producing only mild effects. References Psychedelic lysergamides {{Hallucinogen-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PRO-LAD
PRO-LAD, also known as 6-propyl-6-nor-LSD, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Use and effects PRO-LAD was described by Alexander Shulgin in his book ''TiHKAL''. It is a psychedelic similar to LSD, and has around the same potency as LSD itself, with an active dose reported at between 100 and 200μg. Interactions Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics PRO-LAD is slightly more potent in substituting for LSD in rodent drug discrimination tests than LSD itself. Society and culture Legal status Switzerland PRO-LAD is illegal in Switzerland as of December 2015. United Kingdom On June 10, 2014, the United Kingdom Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) recommended that PRO-LAD be specifically named in the UK Misuse of Drugs Act as a class A drug despite not identifying it as ever having been sold or any harm associated with its use. The UK Home office accepted this advice and announced a ban of the substance to be enacted on 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonin Receptor Modulator
5-HT receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in multiple tissues including the central and peripheral nervous systems. They mediate both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. The serotonin (i.e., 5-hydroxytryptamine, hence "5-HT") receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin, which acts as their natural ligand. The serotonin receptors modulate the release of many neurotransmitters, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine / norepinephrine, and acetylcholine, as well as many hormones, including oxytocin, prolactin, vasopressin, cortisol, corticotropin, and substance P, among others. Serotonin receptors influence various biological and neurological processes such as aggression, anxiety, appetite, cognition, learning, memory, mood, nausea, sleep, and thermoregulation. They are the target of a variety of pharmaceutical and recreational drugs, includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intrinsic Activity
Intrinsic activity (IA) and efficacy (Emax) refer to the relative ability of a drug- receptor complex to produce a maximum functional response. This must be distinguished from the affinity, which is a measure of the ability of the drug to bind to its molecular target, and the EC50, which is a measure of the potency of the drug and which is proportional to both efficacy and affinity. This use of the word "efficacy" was introduced by Stephenson (1956) to describe the way in which agonist An agonist is a chemical that activates a Receptor (biochemistry), receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are Cell (biology), cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an R ...s vary in the response they produce, even when they occupy the same number of receptors. High efficacy agonists can produce the maximal response of the receptor system while occupying a relatively low proportion of the receptors in that system. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Derivative
In chemistry, a derivative is a compound that is derived from a similar compound by a chemical reaction. In the past, derivative also meant a compound that ''can be imagined to'' arise from another compound, if one atom or group of atoms is replaced with another atom or group of atoms, but modern chemical language now uses the term structural analog for this meaning, thus eliminating ambiguity. The term "structural analogue" is common in organic chemistry. In biochemistry, the word is used for compounds that at least theoretically can be formed from the precursor compound. Chemical derivatives may be used to facilitate analysis. For example, melting point (MP) analysis can assist in identification of many organic compounds. A crystalline derivative may be prepared, such as a semicarbazone or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (derived from aldehydes or ketones), as a simple way of verifying the identity of the original compound, assuming that a table of derivative MP values is availa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metabolite
In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. The term is usually used for small molecules. Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments, odorants, and pheromones). A primary metabolite is directly involved in normal "growth", development, and reproduction. Ethylene exemplifies a primary metabolite produced large-scale by industrial microbiology. A secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has an important ecological function. Examples include antibiotics and pigments such as resins and terpenes etc. Some antibiotics use primary metabolites as precursors, such as actinomycin, which is created from the primary metabolite tryptophan. Some sugars are metabolites, such as fructose or glucose, which ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drug Discrimination
Drug discrimination (DD) is a technique in behavioral neuroscience used to evaluate the discriminative stimulus properties or interoceptive cues of psychoactive drugs. In drug discrimination, a subject is trained on a training drug, and then it is tested with novel drugs to see if the novel drugs are experienced as similar to the training drug. In essence, the drug discrimination paradigm has the subject "tell" the experimenter "I think you gave me the training drug" or "I don't think you gave me anything". The discriminative stimulus properties of drugs are believed to reflect their subjective effects. When partial or full stimulus generalization of a test drug to a training drug occurs, the test drug can be assumed to have effects that are subjectively similar to those of the training drug. Drug discrimination tests are usually performed in animals, but have also been conducted in humans. Drug discrimination assays have been employed to assess whether drugs have stimulant- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
