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Nitroamines
In organic chemistry, organic and inorganic chemistry, nitroamines or nitramides are chemical compounds with the general chemical structure . They consist of a Nitro compound, nitro group () bonded to the nitrogen of an amine. The R groups can be any group, typically hydrogen (e.g., methylnitroamine ) and organyl (e.g., diethylnitroamine ). An example of inorganic nitroamine is Chloronitramide anion, chloronitroamine, . The Parent structure, parent inorganic compound, where both R substituents are hydrogen, is nitramide or nitroamine, . ''N''-Nitroaniline rearranges in the presence of acid to give 2-Nitroaniline, 2-nitroaniline. References Further reading * Nitroamines, * Functional groups {{Orgchem-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloronitramide Anion
The chloronitramide anion, also known as chloro(nitro)azanide, is a chemical byproduct of the disinfectant chloramine first identified in 2024. It is present in the tap water of about 113 million people in the United States in varying concentrations. Its toxicity has not yet been determined, although it may be removable by an activated carbon filter. Although its molecular formula and structure were unknown, it was first recorded as a byproduct of chloramine in the early 1980s. Chloramine is often used as an alternative to chlorine for water disinfection because of chlorine's harmful byproducts, and on the basis that clean water improves health much more than small concentrations of byproducts harm it. Other methods of disinfection exist, including ozone Ozone () (or trioxygen) is an Inorganic compound, inorganic molecule with the chemical formula . It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitramide
Nitramide or nitroamine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula . Substitution reaction, Substituted derivatives are termed nitramides or nitroamines as well. Organyl derivatives of nitramide, and , are widely used as explosives: examples include RDX and HMX. It is an isomer of hyponitrous acid. Nitramide can be viewed as a nitrogen analog of nitric acid (), in which the hydroxyl group is replaced with the amino group . Structure The nitramide molecule is essentially an amine group () bonded to a nitro group (). It is reported to be non-Planar molecular geometry, planar in the gas phase, but planar in the crystal phase. Synthesis Thiele and Lachman's original synthesis of nitramide involved the hydrolysis of potassium nitrocarbamate: : Other routes to nitramide include hydrolysis of nitrocarbamic acid, : reaction of sulfamic acid, sodium sulfamate with nitric acid, : and reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide with two equivalents of ammonia. : Organic nitramides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitroamines
In organic chemistry, organic and inorganic chemistry, nitroamines or nitramides are chemical compounds with the general chemical structure . They consist of a Nitro compound, nitro group () bonded to the nitrogen of an amine. The R groups can be any group, typically hydrogen (e.g., methylnitroamine ) and organyl (e.g., diethylnitroamine ). An example of inorganic nitroamine is Chloronitramide anion, chloronitroamine, . The Parent structure, parent inorganic compound, where both R substituents are hydrogen, is nitramide or nitroamine, . ''N''-Nitroaniline rearranges in the presence of acid to give 2-Nitroaniline, 2-nitroaniline. References Further reading * Nitroamines, * Functional groups {{Orgchem-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Structure
A chemical structure of a molecule is a spatial arrangement of its atoms and their chemical bonds. Its determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together and can be represented using structural formulae and by molecular models; complete electronic structure descriptions include specifying the occupation of a molecule's molecular orbitals. Structure determination can be applied to a range of targets from very simple molecules (e.g., diatomic oxygen or nitrogen) to very complex ones (e.g., such as protein or DNA). Background Theories of chemical structure were first developed by August Kekulé, Archibald Scott Couper, and Aleksandr Butlerov, among others, from about 1858. These theories were first to state that chemical compounds are not a ran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitro Compound
In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, bonds alpha (adjacent) to the nitro group can be acidic. For similar reasons, the presence of nitro groups in aromatic compounds retards electrophilic aromatic substitution but facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Nitro groups are rarely found in nature. They are almost invariably produced by nitration reactions starting with nitric acid. Synthesis Preparation of aromatic nitro compounds Aromatic nitro compounds are typically synthesized by nitration. Nitration is achieved using a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which produce the nitronium ion (), which is the electrophile: + The nitration product produced on the largest scale, by f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a Nonmetal (chemistry), nonmetal and the lightest member of pnictogen, group 15 of the periodic table, often called the Pnictogen, pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at Abundance of the chemical elements, seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element chemical bond, bond to form N2, a colourless and odourless diatomic molecule, diatomic gas. N2 forms about 78% of Atmosphere of Earth, Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant chemical species in air. Because of the volatility of nitrogen compounds, nitrogen is relatively rare in the solid parts of the Earth. It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772 and independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish at about the same time. The name was suggested by French chemist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amine
In chemistry, amines (, ) are organic compounds that contain carbon-nitrogen bonds. Amines are formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. The nitrogen atom in an amine possesses a lone pair of electrons. Amines can also exist as hetero cyclic compounds. Aniline is the simplest aromatic amine, consisting of a benzene ring bonded to an amino group. Amines are classified into three types: primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) amines. Primary amines (1°) contain one alkyl or aryl substituent and have the general formula RNH2. Secondary amines (2°) have two alkyl or aryl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, with the general formula R2NH. Tertiary amines (3°) contain three substituent groups bonded to the nitrogen atom, and are represented by the formula R3N. The functional group present in primary amines is called the amino group. Classification of amines Amines can be classified according to the nature and number o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the science, scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic matter, organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.Clayden, J.; Greeves, N. and Warren, S. (2012) ''Organic Chemistry''. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–15. . Study of structure determines their structural formula. Study of properties includes Physical property, physical and Chemical property, chemical properties, and evaluation of Reactivity (chemistry), chemical reactivity to understand their behavior. The study of organic reactions includes the organic synthesis, chemical synthesis of natural products, drugs, and polymers, and study of individual organic molecules in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico) study. The range of chemicals studied chemistry includes hydrocarbons (compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen) as well as compounds based on carbon, but a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organyl
In organic and organometallic chemistry, an organyl group (commonly denoted by the letter " R") is an organic substituent with one (sometimes more) free valence electron(s) at a carbon atom.. The term is often used in chemical patent literature to protect claims over a broad scope. Examples * Acetonyl group * Acyl group (e.g. acetyl group, benzoyl group) * Alkyl group (e.g., methyl group, ethyl group) * Alkenyl group (e.g., vinyl group, allyl group) * Alkynyl group ( propargyl group) * Benzyloxycarbonyl group (Cbz) * '' tert'' -butoxycarbonyl group (Boc) * Carboxyl group In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group () attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as or , sometimes as with R referring to an organyl group (e.g. ... References Functional groups {{organic-chem-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element is therefore not a compound. A compound can be transformed into a different substance by a chemical reaction, which may involve interactions with other substances. In this process, bonds between atoms may be broken or new bonds formed or both. There are four major types of compounds, distinguished by how the constituent atoms are bonded together. Molecular compounds are held together by covalent bonds; ionic compounds are held together by ionic bonds; intermetallic compounds are held together by metallic bonds; coordination complexes are held together by coordinate covalent bonds. Non-stoichiometric compounds form a disputed marginal case. A chemical formula specifies the number of atoms of each element in a compound molecule, usin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parent Structure
In chemistry, a parent structure is the structure of an unadorned ion or molecule from which derivatives can be visualized. Parent structures underpin systematic nomenclature and facilitate classification. Fundamental parent structures have one or no functional groups and often have various types of symmetry. Benzene () is a chemical itself consisting of a hexagonal ring of carbon atoms with a hydrogen atom attached to each, and is the parent of many derivatives that have substituent atoms or groups replacing one or more of the hydrogens. Some parents are rare or nonexistent themselves, as in the case of porphine, though many simple and complex derivatives are known. File:Benzene circle.png, Benzene is the parent. File:Toluene-vec.svg, Toluene is a derivative of benzene. File:Porphyrin.svg, Porphine is the parent of porphyrins. File:PPIXtransH.png, Protoporphyrin IX is a natural derivative of the parent porphine. File:H2octaethylporphyrin.png, Octaethylporphyrin is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
