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Nilüfer Gürsoy
Nilüfer Gürsoy (; 1 June 1921 – 1 July 2024) was a Turkish philologist, politician and memoirist. She served in the parliament between 1965 and 1969, and from 1973 to 1980. She was the daughter of the third president of Turkey, Celâl Bayar. Education and academic life Nilüfer Bayar received her primary education privately at home. She then attended Maarif Koleji (later TED Ankara College) for her secondary and high school education, graduating in 1939. The same year, she studied further, philosophy at Istanbul University. After one year she enrolled in the School of Language and History – Geography of Ankara University due to her family's move to Ankara, and studied classical philology. Following her graduation, she was appointed assistant in the Department of Ancient Greek Language in 1949. She worked on the doctoral thesis "Euripides' political views", and earned a Doctor of Philology degree in 1954. She was dismissed from the university after the 1960 coup d'ét ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1965 Turkish General Election
General elections were held in Turkey on 10 October 1965. The result was a victory for the Justice Party, which won 240 of the 450 seats. Voter turnout was 71.3%. Electoral system The national remnant electoral system was used. This was a two-tier system of party-list proportional representation, with the country divided into 66 districts. In each district, parties were awarded one seat for each Hare quota. Remaining votes and seats were pooled on the national level, where the remaining seats were distributed amongst the parties using the remaining votes using the Hare quota and largest remainder method.Nohlen ''et al''., p239 Results References {{Turkish elections General elections in Turkey Turkey Turkey General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colone ... Octobe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek Dark Ages, Dark Ages (), the Archaic Greece, Archaic or Homeric Greek, Homeric period (), and the Classical Greece, Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athens, fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and Ancient Greek philosophy, philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Homeric Greek, Epic and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980 Turkish Coup D'état
The 1980 Turkish coup d'état (), headed by Chief of the General Staff General Kenan Evren, was the third coup d'état in the history of the Republic of Turkey, the previous having been the 1960 coup and the 1971 coup by memorandum. During the Cold War era, Turkey saw political violence (1976–1980) between the far-left, the far-right ( Grey Wolves), the Islamist militant groups, and the state. The violence saw a sharp downturn for a period after the coup, which was welcomed by some for restoring order by quickly executing 50 people and arresting 500,000, of which hundreds would die in prison. For the next three years the Turkish Armed Forces ruled the country through the National Security Council, before democracy was restored with the 1983 Turkish general election.Amnesty International, ''Turkey: Human Rights Denied'', London, November 1988, AI Index: EUR/44/65/88, , pg. 1. This period saw an intensification of the Turkish nationalism of the state, including banni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16th Parliament Of Turkey
The 16th Grand National Assembly of Turkey existed from 5 June 1977 to 12 September 1980. There were 450 MPs in the lower house. Republican People's Party (CHP) held the plurality. Justice Party (Turkey), Justice Party (AP) was the next party. National Salvation Party (MSP), Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), Republican Reliance Party and Democratic Party (Turkey, 1970), Democratic Party (DP) were the other parties. Main parliamentary milestones Some of the important events in the history of the parliament are the following:Türkiye'nin 75 Yılı; Tempo Yayıncılık, İstanbul *21 June 1977 – Bülent Ecevit of CHP formed the 40th government of Turkey *3 July 1977 – The government couldn't receive the vote of confidence *21 July 1977 – Süleyman Demirel of AP formed the 41st government of Turkey, a political coalitions, coalition of AP, MSP, CGP and MHP so-called Second National Front *17 November 1977 – Following a crises of 6 months, Cahit Karakaş of CHP was elected as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1977 Turkish General Election
General elections were held in Turkey on 5 June 1977. Elections took place in the middle of a political race between the right-wing Justice Party (AP) and the left-wing Republican People's Party (CHP). With the charismatic leadership of Bülent Ecevit, the CHP managed to beat one of the symbolic figures of conservative politics in Turkey, Süleyman Demirel. Voter turnout was 72%.Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p257 The CHP's victory was the zenith of left-wing votes in the Turkish political history, but there were still no capable partners for the CHP to join forces to form government with since the remainder of parliament consisted of right-wing parties not eager to form a coalition led by Ecevit. Finally, the CHP could not gain a vote of confidence. They would need to wait until 1978 to gain support from some smaller parties and independents to govern. The CHP was not able to retain power for long and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15th Parliament Of Turkey
The 15th Grand National Assembly of Turkey existed from 14 October 1973 to 5 June 1977. There were 450 MPs in the lower house. Republican People's Party (CHP) held the plurality. Justice Party (AP) was the next party. National Salvation Party (MSP), Democratic Party (DP), Republican Reliance Party (CGP), Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) Turkey Unity Party (TBP) were the other parties. Main parliamentary milestones Some of the important events in the history of the parliament are the following:Türkiye'nin 75 Yılı; Tempo Yayıncılık, İstanbul *7 November 1973 – Bülent Ecevit of CHP could not form a government *17 November 1973 – Süleyman Demirel of AP could not form a government *18 December 1973 – Kemal Güven of CHP was elected as the speaker of the Turkish parliament after 27 rounds *19 January 1974 – Naim Talu, a former prime minister could not form a government *26 January 1974 - Bülent Ecevit formed the 37th government of Turkey (a coalition of CHP and MS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1969 Turkish General Election
General elections were held in Turkey on 12 October 1969. The electoral system used was party-list proportional representation using the D'Hondt method in 66 electoral districts. The result was a victory for the Justice Party, which won 256 of the 450 seats.Nohlen ''et al''., p272 Voter turnout was 64.3%. Results References {{Turkish elections General elections in Turkey General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colone ... October 1969 in Asia October 1969 in Europe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th Parliament Of Turkey
The 13th Grand National Assembly of Turkey existed from 10 October 1965 to 12 October 1969. There were 456 MPs in the lower house. The majority of the MPs were the members of Justice Party (AP). The main opposition Party was the Republican People's Party (CHP). Other parties were the Nation Party (MP), the New Turkey Party (YTP), the Workers Party (TİP), and the Republican Villagers Nation Party (CKMP). Main parliamentary milestones Some of the important events in the history of the parliament include the following:Türkiye'nin 75 Yılı; Tempo Yayıncılık, İstanbul *27 October 1965– Süleyman Demirel of AP formed the 30th government of Turkey *26 March 1966 – Upon Cemal Gürsel’s illness, Cevdet Sunay was elected as the 5th president of Turkey * 7 May 1966 – Police investigation in parliament building caused protests * 3 August 1966-''Law 780'':Amnesty Law *17 October 1966 – Unity Party (BP) was founded *12 May 1967 – Reliance Party (GP) was founded by MP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand National Assembly Of Turkey
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( ), usually referred to simply as the GNAT or TBMM, also referred to as , in Turkish, is the Unicameralism, unicameral Turkey, Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Constitution of Turkey, Turkish Constitution. It was founded in Ankara on 23 April 1920 amid the Turkish War of Independence, National Campaign. This constitution had founded its pre-government known as 1st cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey, 1st Executive Ministers of Turkey (Commitment Deputy Committee) in May 1920. The parliament was fundamental in the efforts of ''Mareşal (Turkey), Mareşal'' Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1st President of the Republic of Turkey, and his colleagues to found a new government out of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. Composition There are 600 members of parliament (deputies) who are elected for a five-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system, from 87 el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yassıada Trials
The Yassıada Trials were a series of criminal cases in Turkey brought by the military regime against politicians of the formerly ruling Democrat Party. Following the coup which removed the Democrats from power on May 27, 1960, the military junta known as the National Unity Committee (MBK) established a special court to try the politicians who had been removed. These trials were held in the prison of Yassıada (later renamed "''Island of Democracy and Freedom''"). The trials began on 14 October 1960 and ended on 15 September 1961. They resulted in the execution of the former prime minister Adnan Menderes and two of his ministers. Background Former President Celal Bayar, former Prime Minister Adnan Menderes and others arrested after the coup were imprisoned in Yassıada in the Sea of Marmara. A law passed on June 12, 1960, established a Supreme Court of Justice to try the prisoners. A High Investigation Board was also established to investigate the culpability of the defendants an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yassıada
Yassıada ( Turkish: Flat Island), officially renamed Democracy and Freedom Island ( Turkish: Demokrasi ve Özgürlükler Adası) in 2013, is one of the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara, to the southeast of Istanbul. In Byzantine times, it was known as Plati (). It should not be confused with Yassi Ada, a different island in the Aegean Sea. The island, which has an area of , is officially a neighbourhood of Adalar ( Turkish: Islands) district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. History The Byzantines first used Plati as a place to send prominent figures into exile. One such person was the Armenian Patriarch (Catholicos) Narses who was sent here before being imprisoned at Prinkipos in the 4th century AD. The island was still being use for political prisoners into the 11th century and the remains of four underground prison cells from this period can still be seen. The Byzantine Emperor Theofilos built the Platea Monastery on the island and Patriarch Ignatios, who was exi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1960)
The Democrat Party (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Demokrat Parti'', DP for short) was a centre-right political party in Turkey, and the country's third legal opposition party, after the Liberal Republican Party (Turkey), Liberal Republican Party (Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası) established by Ali Fethi Okyar in 1930, and the National Development Party (Turkey), National Development Party (Milli Kalkınma Partisi) established by Nuri Demirağ in 1945. Founded and led by Celâl Bayar and Adnan Menderes, it was the first of the opposition parties to rise to power, de-seating the Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi) during the national elections of 1950 and ending Turkey's One-party period of the Republic of Turkey, one party era. The party ″facilitated the resurgence of Islam, especially at the popular level, in Turkey″. History The events and outcome of World War II played a large role in the emergence of the Democrat Party. A condemnation of fascism coincided with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
