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Nhân Văn–Giai Phẩm Affair
The ''Nhân Văn-Giai Phẩm'' affair () was a cultural-political movement in North Vietnam in the late 1950s. Two periodicals were established during that time, Nhân Văn (, ''Humanities'') and Giai Phẩm (, ''Masterpieces''), many issues of which were published demanding freedom of speech, creativity and human rights. Following a loosening of political restrictions with some similarities to the Chinese Hundred Flowers Campaign, there was a hardening of attitudes. After those two major journals were closed down, their political associates were imprisoned or reeducated. Moreover, the agenda of ''Nhân Văn-Giai Phẩm'' was linked to "reactionary" political projects against the North Vietnamese government (the Ngo Dinh Diem regime reprinted Nhan Van-Giai Pham articles and distributed them as anti-communist propaganda materials. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; ; VNDCCH), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1945 to 1976, with sovereignty fully recognized in 1954 Geneva Conference, 1954. A member of the communist Eastern Bloc, it opposed the French-supported State of Vietnam and later the Western-allied South Vietnam, Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). The DRV Fall of Saigon, invaded Saigon in 1975 and ceased to exist the following year when it Reunification Day, merged with Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, the south to become the current Vietnam, Socialist Republic of Vietnam. During the August Revolution following French Indochina in World War II, World War II, Vietnamese communist revolutionary Ho Chi Minh, Hồ Chí Minh, leader of the Viet Minh, Việt Minh Front, Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, declared independence on 2 September 1945 and proclaimed the creation of the Democratic Repu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peaceful Coexistence
Peaceful coexistence () was a theory, developed and applied by the Soviet Union at various points during the Cold War in the context of primarily Marxist–Leninist foreign policy and adopted by Soviet-dependent socialist states, according to which the Socialist Bloc could peacefully coexist with the capitalist bloc (i.e., U.S.-allied states). This was in contrast to the antagonistic contradiction principle that socialism and capitalism could never coexist in peace. The Soviet Union applied it to relations between the western world, particularly NATO countries, and nations of the Warsaw Pact. Debates over differing interpretations of peaceful coexistence were one aspect of the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s and 1960s. During the 1970s, the People's Republic of China under the leadership of its founder, Mao Zedong, argued that a belligerent attitude should be maintained towards capitalist countries, and so initially rejected the peaceful coexistence theory as essentially Marxist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tran Duy
{{Disambiguation ...
Tran may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Tran'' (novel), a novel in the ''Janissaries'' series named for a fictional planet * '' Dr. Tran'', an animated miniseries People * Trần (陳), a Vietnamese surname, including a list of people named Trần or Tran * Tran, member of the Nazi-era comedy duo Tran and Helle Other uses * Tran, Bulgaria, a small town * Trần dynasty, 陳朝 a Vietnamese dynasty from 1225 to 1400 See also * * * Trana (other) * Trans (other) * Tron (other) ''Tron'' is a 1982 science fiction film produced by Walt Disney Productions. Tron may also refer to: Tron franchise * Tron (franchise), ''Tron'' (franchise), an American science fiction media franchise begun with the 1982 film ''Tron'' * Tron (ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phan Khôi
Phan Khôi (October 06, 1887 – January 16, 1959) was an intellectual leader who inspired a North Vietnamese variety of the Chinese Hundred Flowers Campaign, in which scholars were permitted to criticize the government, but for which he himself was ultimately persecuted by the Communist Party of Vietnam. Biography Early life and education Phan Khôi was born in an elite Confucian family in Bảo An village, Điện Bàn county, Quảng Nam Province. His father was (Second-rank, under Doctorate) Phan Trân, a son of Nam Định Judge Phan Khắc Nhu. His mother was Hoàng Thị Lệ, a daughter of Hà Ninh Governor-general Hoàng Diệu. Phan Khôi learned Chinese characters from a young age and was very well read. He read many progressive writings and developed a belief in civil rights and a new society. In 1906, he joined the Progressive Movement (Duy Tân) led by Phan Chu Trinh (1872–1926), Huỳnh Thúc Kháng (1876–1947) and Trần Quý Cáp (1870–1906). Phan Khô ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanoi
Hanoi ( ; ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Vietnam, second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river" (Hanoi is bordered by the Red River (Asia), Red and Black River (Asia), Black Rivers). As a Municipalities of Vietnam, municipality, Hanoi consists of 12 List of urban districts of Vietnam, urban districts, 17 Huyện, rural districts, and 1 District-level town (Vietnam), district-level town. The city encompasses an area of . and as of 2024 has a population of 8,718,000. Hanoi had the second-highest gross regional domestic product of all Vietnamese provinces and municipalities at US$51.4 billion in 2022, behind only Ho Chi Minh City. In the third century BCE, the Cổ Loa Citadel, Cổ Loa Capital Citadel of Âu Lạc was constructed in what is now Hanoi. Âu Lạc then Vietnam under Chinese rule, fell under Chinese rule for a thousand years. In 1010, under the Lý dynasty, Vietnamese emperor Lý Thái Tổ established ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trần Dần
Trần Dần (1926–1997) was a Vietnamese poet and novelist noted for his radical works. He is the father of the painter Trần Trọng Vũ. Life Dần was best known to be one of the active participators in the Nhân Văn–Giai Phẩm affair in the mid-1950s which saw many middle class intellectuals demanding for freedom and democracy in communist-led North Vietnam. Born in Nam Định, he joined the Vietnamese Communist resistance against the French domination in 1946, but by 1953 he had fallen out with the party. In 1956, he was jailed for months in Hỏa Lò Prison Hỏa Lò Prison (, Nhà tù Hỏa Lò; ) was a prison in Hanoi originally used by the French colonists in Indochina for political prisoners, and later by North Vietnam for U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. During this later perio ... also known as the Hanoi Hilton, where he tried to commit suicide. On leaving prison he joined the Nhân Văn Giai Phẩm. Until 1988, he was banned from h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Rightist Movement
The Anti-Rightist Campaign () in the People's Republic of China, which lasted from 1957 to roughly 1959, was a political campaign to purge alleged " Rightists" within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the country as a whole. The campaign was launched by Chairman Mao Zedong. Deng Xiaoping and Peng Zhen also played important roles. The Anti-Rightist Campaign significantly damaged democracy in China and turned the country into a ''de facto'' one-party state. The definition of rightists was not always consistent, often including critics to the left of the government, but officially referred to those intellectuals who appeared to favor capitalism, or were against one-party rule as well as forcible, state-run collectivization. According to China's official statistics published during the "Boluan Fanzheng" period, the campaign resulted in the political persecution of at least 550,000 people. Some researchers believe that the actual number of persecuted is between 1 and 2 million ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong pronounced ; traditionally Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Mao Tse-tung. (26December 18939September 1976) was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 and led the country from Proclamation of the People's Republic of China, its establishment until Death and state funeral of Mao Zedong, his death in 1976. Mao served as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1943 until his death, and as the party's ''de facto'' leader from 1935. His theories, which he advocated as a Chinese adaptation of Marxism–Leninism, are known as Maoism. Born to a peasant family in Shaoshan, Hunan, Mao studied in Changsha and was influenced by the 1911 Revolution and ideas of Chinese nationalism and anti-imperialism. He was introduced to Marxism while working as a librarian at Peking University, and later participated in the May Fourth Movement of 1919. In 1921, Mao became a founding member of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hu Feng
Hu Feng (, November 2, 1902 – June 8, 1985) was a Chinese Marxist writer, poet and literary theorist. He was a prominent member of the League of Left-Wing Writers. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Hu Feng became a member of the First National People's Congress of China, but was then heavily persecuted as the chief of the Hu Feng Counter-revolutionary Clique (). The persecution became a massive Purge, political purge. He was first Political rehabilitation, rehabilitated in 1980 and fully rehabilitated, posthumously, in 1988. Life Early life Hu Feng was born in Qichun, Hubei on November 2, 1902, as a son of a toufu artisan. He started school in his village in 1913 and entered middle school in Wuchang, capital of Hubei, in 1920. He transferred to the High School Affiliated to the National Southeastern University (, now High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University), which was also the school of writer Ba Jin. He joined Socialist Youth League of Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rectification Of Errors
Rectification has the following technical meanings: Mathematics * Rectification (geometry), truncating a polytope by marking the midpoints of all its edges, and cutting off its vertices at those points * Rectifiable curve, in mathematics * Rectifiable set, in mathematics Science * GHK flux equation#Rectification, in biology, a process in cell membranes Technology * Image rectification, adjustment of images to simplify stereo vision or to map images to a map coordinate system (GIS) * The function of a rectifier, a device that converts alternating electrical current to direct current * Rectified airspeed, a means of displaying the airspeed of high-speed aircraft * Rectification (chemical/process engineering), countercurrent distillation, a unit operation also used for the production of rectified spirit (see Distillation#Fractional distillation) Other uses * Rectification (law), an equitable legal remedy whereby a court orders a change in a written document to reflect what it s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Reform In North Vietnam
Land reform in North Vietnam (Vietnamese: ''Cải cách ruộng đất tại miền Bắc Việt Nam'') was a major campaign by the Communist government of North Vietnam between 1953 and 1956. The goal was to take land from landlords and give it to poor farmers. Influenced by China’s example, the reform included land redistribution, rent reduction, and class struggle. Many landlords were accused of crimes, publicly criticized, imprisoned, or executed. The campaign caused fear and division in villages, and thousands of mistakes were later admitted by the government. In 1956, a “Rectification of Errors” campaign was launched to correct these problems. Despite its violence, the reform changed rural society and helped the government gain control over the countryside. Background The project of land reform in North Vietnam was a product of the interplay of complex internal and external factors. On 9 March 1945, several years after occupation in Indochina, Japan instigated a mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
