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Network Address Translation (file1)
Network address translation (NAT) is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. The technique was initially used to bypass the need to assign a new address to every host when a network was moved, or when the upstream Internet service provider was replaced but could not route the network's address space. It is a popular and essential tool in conserving global address space in the face of IPv4 address exhaustion. One Internet-routable IP address of a NAT gateway can be used for an entire private network. As network address translation modifies the IP address information in packets, NAT implementations may vary in their specific behavior in various addressing cases and their effect on network traffic. Vendors of equipment containing NAT implementations do not commonly document the specifics of NAT behavior. History Internet Protocol version 4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NAT Concept-en
Nat or NAT may refer to: Computing * Network address translation (NAT), in computer networking Chemistry, biology, and medicine * Natural antisense transcript, an RNA transcript in a cell * N-acetyltransferase, an enzyme; also NAT1, NAT2, etc. * Nucleic acid test, for genetic material * Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, a disease * Noradrenaline transporter (NAT), also called norepinephrine transporter (NET) * Nucleobase ascorbate transporter (NAT) family, or Nucleobase cation symporter-2 (NCS2) family * Sodium ammonium tartrate tetrahydrate, the material crystallized by Pasteur as enantiomers Organizations * National Actors Theatre, New York City, U.S. * National AIDS trust, a British charity * National Archives of Thailand * National Assembly of Thailand, the national parliament People * Nat (name), a given name or nickname, usually masculine, and also a surname * Nat (Muslim), a Muslim community in North India * Nat caste, a Hindu caste found in northern India and Nepal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Web Browser
A web browser, often shortened to browser, is an application for accessing websites. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the user's screen. Browsers can also display content stored locally on the user's device. Browsers are used on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, smartwatches and consoles. As of 2024, the most used browsers worldwide are Google Chrome (~66% market share), Safari (~16%), Edge (~6%), Firefox (~3%), Samsung Internet (~2%), and Opera (~2%). As of 2023, an estimated 5.4 billion people had used a browser. Function The purpose of a web browser is to fetch content and display it on the user's device. This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), such as ''https://en.wikipedia.org/'', into the browser's address bar. Virtually all URLs on the Web start with either ''http:'' or ''h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communication Endpoint
A communication endpoint is a type of Node (networking), communication network node. It is an interface exposed by a communicating party or by a communication channel. An example of the latter type of a communication endpoint is a publish–subscribe topic or a group in group communication systems. See also * Connection-oriented communication * Data terminal equipment * Dial peer * End system * Host (network) * Terminal (telecommunication) References Computing terminology Telecommunications {{compu-network-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ephemeral Ports
An ephemeral port is a communications endpoint (port) of a transport layer protocol of the Internet protocol suite that is used for only a short period of time for the duration of a communication session. Such short-lived ports are allocated automatically within a predefined range of port numbers by the IP stack software of a computer operating system. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) typically use an ephemeral port for the client-end of a client–server communication. At the server end of the communication session, ephemeral ports may also be used for continuation of communications with a client that initially connected to one of the services listening with a well-known port. For example, the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) and Remote Procedure Call (RPC) applications can behave in this manner. The allocation of an ephemeral port is temporary and only valid for the duration of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TCP Hole Punching
TCP NAT traversal and TCP hole punching (sometimes NAT punch-through) in computer networking occurs when two hosts behind a network address translation (NAT) are trying to connect to each other with outbound TCP connections. Such a scenario is particularly important in the case of peer-to-peer communications, such as Voice-over-IP (VoIP), file sharing, teleconferencing, chat systems and similar applications. TCP hole punching is an experimentally used NAT traversal technique for establishing a TCP connection between two peers on the Internet behind NAT devices. ''NAT traversal'' is a general term for techniques that establish and maintain TCP/IP network and/or TCP connections traversing NAT gateways. Terminology In the following, the terms host, client and peer are used almost interchangeably. ; ''local endpoint'', ''internal endpoint'' : the local IP:port as seen locally by the host and the internal part of the NAT. ; ''public endpoint'', ''external endpoint'' : the externa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NAT Traversal
Network address translation traversal is a computer networking technique of establishing and maintaining Internet Protocol connections across Gateway (telecommunications), gateways that implement network address translation (NAT). NAT traversal techniques are required for many network applications, such as peer-to-peer file sharing and voice over IP. Network address translation Network address translation typically uses private IP addresses on private networks with a single public IP address for the router facing the Internet. The network address translator changes the source address in network protocols for outgoing requests from that of an internal device to its external address, so that internal devices can communicate with hosts on the external network, while relaying replies back to the originating device. This leaves the internal network ill-suited for hosting services, as the NAT device has no automatic method for determining the internal host for which incoming packets fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Port Mapping
In computer networking, port forwarding or port mapping is an application of network address translation (NAT) that redirects a communication request from one address and port number combination to another while the packets are traversing a network gateway, such as a router or firewall. This technique is most commonly used to make services on a host residing on a protected or masqueraded (internal) network available to hosts on the opposite side of the gateway (external network), by remapping the destination IP address and port number of the communication to an internal host. Purpose Port forwarding facilitates the connection by remote computers, for example, Internet hosts, to a specific computer or service within a local area network (LAN). In a typical residential network, nodes obtain Internet access through a DSL or cable modem connected to a router or network address translator (NAT/NAPT). Hosts on the private network are connected to an Ethernet switch or communicate v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hairpinning
Network address translation (NAT) is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. The technique was initially used to bypass the need to assign a new address to every host when a network was moved, or when the upstream Internet service provider was replaced but could not route the network's address space. It is a popular and essential tool in conserving global address space in the face of IPv4 address exhaustion. One Internet-routable IP address of a NAT gateway can be used for an entire private network. As network address translation modifies the IP address information in packets, NAT implementations may vary in their specific behavior in various addressing cases and their effect on network traffic. Vendors of equipment containing NAT implementations do not commonly document the specifics of NAT behavior. History Internet Protocol version 4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Port Restricted Cone NAT
A port is a maritime law, maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge Affreightment, cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Port of Hamburg, Hamburg, Port of Manchester, Manchester and Duluth; these access the sea via rivers or canals. Because of their roles as ports of entry for immigrants as well as soldiers in wartime, many port cities have experienced dramatic multi-ethnic and multicultural changes throughout their histories. Ports are extremely important to the global economy; 70% of global merchandise trade by value passes through a port. For this reason, ports are also often densely populated settlements that provide the labor for processing and handling goods and related services for the ports. Today by far the greatest growth in port development is in Asia, the continent with some of the World's busiest ports, world's largest and busiest po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
