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Neologisms Of Stanisław Lem
Neologisms constitute a notable part of the writing style of Stanisław Lem, a Polish science fiction author and essayist. Lem says that in building his neologisms, particularly of grotesque character, he uses the peculiarities of the Polish language. Lem's interview to Peyman Esmaeili page 2 ''Shargh'' newspaper This presents difficulties to translators into non-Slavic languages, and critics often accused Lem of abusiveness in his creation of new words."Голос жителя Земли" by Владимир Борисов, ''Новое литературное обозрение'' (М.), 2006, no. 82, pp. 315-325 Lem said that neologisms come up to him naturally in the course of writing only when they are necessary and that he is incapable of inventing one outside a context. Discus ...
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Neologism
In linguistics, a neologism (; also known as a coinage) is any newly formed word, term, or phrase that has achieved popular or institutional recognition and is becoming accepted into mainstream language. Most definitively, a word can be considered a neologism once it is published in a dictionary. Neologisms are one facet of lexical innovation, i.e., the linguistic process of new terms and meanings entering a language's lexicon. The most precise studies into language change and word formation, in fact, identify the process of a "neological continuum": a '' nonce word'' is any single-use term that may or may not grow in popularity; a '' protologism'' is such a term used exclusively within a small group; a ''prelogism'' is such a term that is gaining usage but is still not mainstream; and a ''neologism'' has become accepted or recognized by social institutions. Neologisms are often driven by changes in culture and technology. Popular examples of neologisms can be found in science, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Search Engine
A search engine is a software system that provides hyperlinks to web pages, and other relevant information on World Wide Web, the Web in response to a user's web query, query. The user enters a query in a web browser or a mobile app, and the search engine results page, search results are typically presented as a list of hyperlinks accompanied by textual summaries and images. Users also have the option of limiting a search to specific types of results, such as images, videos, or news. For a search provider, its software engine, engine is part of a distributed computing system that can encompass many data centers throughout the world. The speed and accuracy of an engine's response to a query are based on a complex system of Search engine indexing, indexing that is continuously updated by automated web crawlers. This can include data mining the Computer file, files and databases stored on web servers, although some content is deep web, not accessible to crawlers. There have been ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamiętnik Znaleziony W Wannie
''Memoirs Found in a Bathtub'' (a literal translation of the original Polish-language title: ''Pamiętnik znaleziony w wannie'') is a science fiction novel by Polish writer Stanisław Lem, first published in 1961. It was first published in English in 1973; a second edition was published in 1986. Plot summary ''Memoirs Found in a Bathtub'' starts with the finding of a diary in the distant future. The introduction dwells on the difficulties of historical research on the fictional 'Neogene Era', "the period of the heyday of the pre-Chaotic culture, which preceded the Great Decomposition". "Great Decomposition" refers to the apocalyptic event of "papyrolysis", decomposition of all paper on the planet in the pre-information-technology era, causing all records and money to turn into dust––the end of the "epoch of papycracy". The diary, known as the 'Notes of a Man from the Neogene', was found in the lava-filled ruins of Third Pentagon within the territory of the disappeared state of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kongres Futurologiczny
''The Futurological Congress'' () is a 1971 black humour science fiction novel by Polish author Stanisław Lem. It details the exploits of the hero of a number of his stories, Ijon Tichy, as he visits the Eighth World Futurological Congress at a Hilton Hotel in Costa Rica.Lem sets the story in a fictional republic of Kostarykana (Costarikana; Costa Rica is called Kostaryka in Polish). In most foreign translations, except the English one by Michael Kandel, the name is rendered as "Costaricana", thus retaining its fictional reference. The book is Lem's take on the science fictional trope of an apparently Utopian future that turns out to be an illusion. Overview The book opens at the eponymous congress. A riot breaks out, and the hero, Ijon Tichy, is hit by various psychoactive drugs that were put into the drinking water supply lines by the government to pacify the riots. Ijon and a few others escape to the safety of a sewer beneath the Hilton where the congress was being held, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyberiada
''The Cyberiad'' (), sometimes subtitled ''Fables for the Cybernetic Age'', is a series of humorous science fiction short stories by Polish writer Stanisław Lem published during 1964–1979. The first collected set of stories was originally published in 1965, with an English translation by Michael Kandel first appearing in 1974. The main protagonists of the stories are Trurl and Klapaucius, two "constructor" robots who travel the galaxy, constructing fantastic machines. Nearly every character is either a humanoid robot or some sort of intelligent machine, with few living creatures ever appearing. These robots have for the most part organized themselves into proto-feudal societies with strict ranks and structures. The timeline of each story is relatively constrained, with the majority of the individual tales following one or both of the two protagonists as they find and aid civilizations and people in need of their creations, advice, or intervention. Though the thematic content ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bajki Robotów
''Fables for Robots'' () is a series of humorous science fiction short stories by Polish writer Stanisław Lem, first printed in 1964. The fables are written in the grotesque form of folk fairy tales, set in the universe populated by robots. In this universe there are robot kings, robot peasants, robot knights, robot scientists; a robot damsel in distress is pestered by a robot dragon, robot dogs have robot fleas, etc. The ''Fables'' constitute the bulk of the collection ''Mortal Engines'' () of translations by Michael Kandel. Two of them were also included into the 1981 collection ''The Cosmic Carnival of Stanislaw Lem'' (). ''Fables for Robots'' share the peculiar robot's universe, as well as the style, with the cycle ''The Cyberiad''. Stories In 1965 three of the fables, "Jak ocalał świat" ("How the World Survived"), "Maszyna Trurla" ("Trurl's Machine"), and "Wielkie lanie" ("The Great Spanking") were included into the cycle ''The Cyberiad ''The Cyberiad'' (), somet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Word Formation
In linguistics, word formation is an ambiguous term that can refer to either: * the processes through which words can change (i.e. morphology), or * the creation of new lexemes in a particular language Morphological A common method of word formation is the attachment of inflectional or derivational affixes. Derivation Examples include: * the words ''governor'', ''government'', ''governable'', ''misgovern'', ''ex-governor'', and ''ungovernable'' are all derived from the base word ''(to) govern'' Inflection Inflection is modifying a word for the purpose of fitting it into the grammatical structure of a sentence. For example: * ''manages'' and ''managed'' are inflected from the base word ''(to) manage'' * ''worked'' is inflected from the verb ''(to) work'' * ''talks'', ''talked'', and ''talking'' are inflected from the base ''(to) talk'' Nonmorphological Abbreviation Examples includes: * ''etc.'' from et cetera Acronyms & Initialisms An acronym is a word formed from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monika Krajewska
Monika Krajewska is a Polish activist, mizrah artist, writer, photographer, and Jewish gravestone art and Hebrew language calligraphy specialist. Biography Monika Krajewska was born in Warsaw. She is married to a philosopher and Polish consultant of American Jewish Committee, Stanisław Krajewski. At present Monika Krajewska is a teacher at Lauder-Morash Private Jewish School in Warsaw. She is a member of The Guild of American Papercutters and Jewish Community of Warsaw. A recipient (jointly with her husband) of the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Taube Foundation for Jewish Life & Culture and American Jewish Committee, presented during the 23rd Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków. Books * 1982 – ''Czas kamieni'' – translated to English as ''Stones time'' and French as ''Le temps des pierres'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Ton Beau De Marot
''Le Ton beau de Marot: In Praise of the Music of Language'' is a 1997 book by Douglas Hofstadter in which he explores the meaning, strengths, failings and beauty of translation. The book is a long and detailed examination of translations of a minor French poem and, through that, an examination of the mysteries of translation (and indeed more generally, language and consciousness) itself. Hofstadter himself refers to it as "my ruminations on the art of translation". The title itself is a pun, revealing many of the themes of the work: means 'the beautiful tone' or 'the sweet tone', but the word order is unusual for French. It would be more common to write . A French speaker hearing the title spoken () would be more likely to interpret it as ''le tombeau de Marot''; where may mean 'tomb' (as per the cover picture), but also ''tombeau'', 'a work of art (literature or music) done in memory and homage to a deceased person' (the title is intended to parallel the title of Maurice Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Douglas Hofstadter
Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born 15 February 1945) is an American cognitive and computer scientist whose research includes concepts such as the sense of self in relation to the external world, consciousness, analogy-making, Strange loop, strange loops, artificial intelligence, and discovery in mathematics and physics. His 1979 book ''Gödel, Escher, Bach, Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid'' won the Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction,"General Nonfiction" . ''Past winners and finalists by category''. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 17 March 2012. and a National Book Award (at that time called The American Book Award) for Science."National Book Awards – 1980" [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
