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Nehalennia
Nehalennia (also Nehalenia, Nehalaenniae, Nehalaenia) is a tutelary goddess who was worshipped in 2nd- and 3rd-centuryLendering (2006). Gallia Belgica by travelers, especially sailors and traders, at the mouth of the Scheldt. Her origin is unclear, perhaps Germanic or Celtic. She is attested on and depicted upon numerous votive altars discovered around what is now the province of Zeeland, the Netherlands, where the Schelde River flowed into the North Sea. Worship of Nehalennia dates back at least to the 2nd century BC and veneration of the goddess continued to flourish in northwestern Europe in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. Name While the meaning of the name ''Nehalennia'' remains disputed, linguists agree that its origin is not Latin. Given the locations where most references and artifacts have been found, her name is likely from either a Germanic or Celtic language. Gutenbrunner (1936) related it to Proto-Germanic ''*nehwa'' "close", but could not explain the rest of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganventa
Ganventa was a settlement of Roman antiquity near the Zeelandic town of Colijnsplaat. It was situated on the southern shore of the river Scheldt. There was a temple for the goddess Nehalennia here. Little is known about Nehalennia, but she must have been a Celtic or Germanic goddess, with power over trade and seafaring. Many travelers visited Ganventa on their journey, and prayed to Nehalennia for a safe journey over sea. The large number of altar stones found indicates that Ganventa was a major site for the worship of the goddess. Altars and remains of the temple were lifted out of the Eastern Scheldt in 1970. In 2005, a replica of the Gallo-Roman temple in Colijnsplaat was opened to the public. Finds after 1970 On 14 April 1970m fisherman K. J. Bout found parts of an altar to Nehalennia in his nets while fishing near Colijnsplaat. Focused searches in 1970, 1971, and 1974 resulted in the find of about 240 altars and statues, votive stones and remains of a Roman building. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germanic Paganism
Germanic paganism or Germanic religion refers to the traditional, culturally significant religion of the Germanic peoples. With a chronological dating, chronological range of at least one thousand years in an area covering Scandinavia, the British Isles, modern Germany, the Netherlands, and at times other parts of Europe, the beliefs and practices of Germanic paganism varied. Scholars typically assume some degree of continuity between the beliefs and practices of the Roman era and those found in Norse paganism, as well as between Germanic religion and reconstructed Indo-European religion and post-conversion folklore, though the precise degree and details of this continuity are subjects of debate. Germanic religion was influenced by neighboring cultures, including that of the Celts, the Roman people, Romans, and, later, by Christianity. Very few sources exist that were written by pagan adherents themselves; instead, most were written by outsiders and can thus present problems for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeeland
Zeeland (; ), historically known in English by the Endonym and exonym, exonym Zealand, is the westernmost and least populous province of the Netherlands. The province, located in the southwest of the country, borders North Brabant to the east, South Holland to the north, as well as the country of Belgium to the south and west. It consists of a number of islands and peninsulas (hence its name, meaning "Sealand") and a strip bordering the Flanders, Flemish provinces of East Flanders, East and West Flanders. Its capital is Middelburg, Zeeland, Middelburg with a population of 48,544 as of November 2019, although the largest municipality in Zeeland is Terneuzen (population 54,589). Zeeland has two Port, seaports: Vlissingen and Terneuzen. Its area is , of which is water; it had a population of about 391,000 as of January 2023. Large parts of Zeeland are below sea level. The North Sea flood of 1953, last great flooding of the area was in 1953. Tourism is an important economic activ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domburg
Domburg is a seaside resort on the North Sea, on the northwest coast of Walcheren in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Veere, and lies about 11 km northwest of the city of Middelburg, the provincial capital. Demographics In 2010, the town of Domburg had 1,490 inhabitants, up from 1,251 in 2001. The built-up area of the town was 0.78 km2, and contained 881 residences. History The area of Domburg has been inhabited since at least 4,000 BCE. In 1647 after heavy storms on the beach of Domburg a sanctuary was discovered with around 40 stones with Latin inscriptions and carvings of several gods, among them of Neptune (sea) and Mercury (trade), but the majority of a local female deity: Nehalennia who appears to have protected both trade and shipping. According to the inscriptions the stones were erected by tradesmen and captains to fulfil their vows after a safe journey, mentioning explicitly on one stone a merchant of pottery doing business ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schelde River
The Scheldt ( ; ; ) is a river that flows through northern France, western Belgium, and the southwestern part of the Netherlands, with its mouth at the North Sea. Its name is derived from an adjective corresponding to Old English ("shallow"), Modern English ''shoal'', Low German , West Frisian , and obsolete Swedish ("thin"). Course The headwaters of the Scheldt are in Gouy, in the Aisne department of northern France. It flows north through Cambrai and Valenciennes, and enters Belgium near Tournai. Ghent developed at the confluence of the Lys, one of its main tributaries, and the Scheldt, which then turns east. Near Antwerp, the largest city on its banks, the Scheldt flows west into the Netherlands toward the North Sea. Originally there were two branches from that point: the Oosterschelde (Eastern Scheldt); and the Westerschelde (Western Scheldt). In the 19th century, however, the Dutch built a dyke that cuts the river off from its eastern (northern) branch and connec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandraudiga
Sandraudiga is a Germanic peoples, Germanic goddess, attested on a stone with a Latin inscription, found in North Brabant, the Netherlands. Today the stone is housed in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, National Museum of Antiquities, Leiden, the Netherlands. The meaning of her name is still subject of discussion, but it has been suggested that it might mean "she who dyes the sand red".''Nordisk Familjebok'' (1916:665). Other indigenous (southern) Dutch deities who are locally known at that time are: Vagdavercustis, Burorina, Hludana, Viradectis, Hurstrga/Hurst(ae)rga, Nehalennia and Seneucaega. Discovery and Inscription The stone was discovered in 1812 in Tiggelt, Zundert near the village of Rijsbergen and is now in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden. It is made of limestone (139 × 81 × 41 cm). Above the circular base there is an inscription panel and above it a cornice corresponding to the base with an attachment with foliage or scaled decorated scrolls on both sides. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hludana
Hludana (or Dea Hludana) is a Germanic goddess attested in five ancient Latin inscriptions from the Rhineland and Frisia, all dating from 197–235 AD. Based on the prevalence of *hlud- as an element of Frankish war-leader names, she is believed to have been the goddess of the initial organization of the Franks, which would have been at first a clandestine organization of officers in the Frankish auxiliaries of the Roman border guards; hence the secrecy enshrouding the formation of the Franks. Etymologically the word means "Fame," a suitable name for the meaning of "bold" for Franks. The Franks first appear as rebels in the Roman army. Subsequently they were a substantial part of it. Three of these inscriptions come from the lower Rhine (; ; ), one from Münstereifel () and one from Beetgum, Frisia (). The name appears as ''Hluθena'' on the Iversheim inscription from Münstereifel, and as ''Hlucena'' on that from Monterberg in the lower Rhine. The name is abbreviated in an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welsh Language
Welsh ( or ) is a Celtic languages, Celtic language of the Brittonic languages, Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people. Welsh is spoken natively in Wales by about 18% of the population, by some in England, and in (the Welsh colony in Chubut Province, Argentina). It is spoken by smaller numbers of people in Canada and the United States descended from Welsh immigrants, within their households (especially in Nova Scotia). Historically, it has also been known in English as "British", "Cambrian", "Cambric" and "Cymric". The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 gave the Welsh language official status in Wales. Welsh and English are ''de jure'' official languages of the Senedd (the Welsh parliament), with Welsh being the only ''de jure'' official language in any part of the United Kingdom, with English being merely ''de facto'' official. According to the 2021 United Kingdom census, 2021 census, the Welsh-speaking population of Wales aged three or older was 538,300 ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victoria (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion Victoria was the deified personification of victory. She first appeared during the first Punic War, seemingly as a Romanised re-naming of Nike, the goddess of victory associated with Rome's Greek allies in the Greek mainland and in Magna Graecia. Thereafter she comes to symbolise Rome's eventual hegemony and right to rule. She is a deified abstraction, entitled to a cult. But unlike Nike, she has virtually no mythology of her own. History and iconography Victoria first appears during the first Punic War, as a translation or renaming of Nike, the Greek goddess of victory in peace or war. Nike would have become familiar to the Roman military as a goddess of Rome's Greek allies in the Punic Wars. She was worshipped in Magna Graecia and mainland Greece, and was a subject of Greek myth. Around this time, various Roman war-deities begin to receive the epithet ''victor'' (conqueror) or ''invictus'' (unconquered). By the late republican and early imper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
