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Neem Cake
Neem cake organic manure is the by-product obtained in the process of cold pressing of neem tree fruits and kernels, and the solvent extraction process for neem oil cake. It is a potential source of organic manure under the Bureau of Indian Standards, Specification No. 8558. Neem has demonstrated considerable potential as a fertilizer. For this purpose, neem cake and neem leaves are especially promising. Puri (1999), in his book Neem : The Divine Tree Azadirachta, has given details about neem seed cake as manure and nitrification inhibitor. The author has described that, after processing, neem cake can be used for partial replacement of poultry and cattle feed. Components Neem cake has an adequate quantity of NPK in organic form for plant growth. Being a totally botanical product it contains 100% natural NPK content and other essential micro nutrients as N (Nitrogen 2.0% to 5.0%), P (Phosphorus 0.5% to 1.0%), K (Potassium 1.0% to 2.0%), Ca (Calcium 0.5% to 3.0%), Mg (Magnesium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neem
''Azadirachta indica'', commonly known as neem, margosa, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of the two species in the genus '' Azadirachta''. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and to parts of Southeast Asia, but is naturalized and grown around the world in tropical and subtropical areas. Its fruits and seeds are the source of neem oil. ''Nim'' is a Hindustani noun derived from Sanskrit ''nimba'' (). Description Margosa is a fast-growing tree that can reach a height of , and rarely . It is evergreen, shedding many of its leaves during the dry winter months. The branches are wide and spreading. The fairly dense crown is roundish and may reach a diameter of . The opposite, pinnate leaves are long, with 20 to 30 medium to dark green leaflets about long. The terminal leaflet often is missing. The petioles are short. White and fragrant flowers are arranged in more-or-less drooping axillary panicles which are up to long. The i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insecticide
Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. The major use of insecticides is in agriculture, but they are also used in home and garden settings, industrial buildings, for vector control, and control of insect parasites of animals and humans. Acaricides, which kill mites and ticks, are not strictly insecticides, but are usually classified together with insecticides. Some insecticides (including common bug sprays) are effective against other non-insect arthropods as well, such as scorpions, spiders, etc. Insecticides are distinct from insect repellents, which repel but do not kill. Sales In 2016 insecticides were estimated to account for 18% of worldwide pesticide sales. Worldwide sales of insecticides in 2018 were estimated as $ 18.4 billion, of which 25% were neonicotinoids, 17% were pyrethroids, 13% were diamides, and the rest were many other classes which sold for less th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azadirachtin
Azadirachtin, a chemical compound belonging to the limonoid group, is a secondary metabolite present in neem seeds. It is a highly oxidized tetranortriterpenoid which boasts a plethora of oxygen-bearing functional groups, including an enol ether, acetal, hemiacetal, tetra-substituted epoxide and a variety of carboxylic esters. Chemical synthesis Azadirachtin has a complex molecular structure; it presents both secondary and tertiary hydroxyl groups and a tetrahydrofuran ether in its molecular structure, alongside 16 stereogenic centres, 7 of which are tetrasubstituted. These characteristics explain the great difficulty encountered when trying to prepare this compound from simple precursors, using methods of synthetic organic chemistry. Hence, the first total synthesis was published over 22 years after the compound's discovery: this first synthesis was completed by the research group of Steven Ley at the University of Cambridge in 2007. The described synthesis was a relay appro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neem Oil
Neem oil, also known as margosa oil, is a vegetable oil pressed from the fruits and seeds of the neem (''Azadirachta indica''), a tree which is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and has been introduced to many other areas in the tropics. It is the most important of the commercially available products of neem, and is a potent pesticide used in organic farming. Composition Azadirachtin is the most well known and studied triterpenoid in neem oil. nimbin (chemical), Nimbin is another triterpenoid which has been credited with some of neem oil's properties as an antiseptic, antifungal, antipyretic and antihistamine. Uses Ayurveda Neem oil has a history of use in Ayurvedic traditional medicine, folk medicine. Pesticide Formulations that include neem oil have found wide usage as a biopesticide for horticulturists and for organic farming, as it repels a wide variety of insect pests including mealy bugs, beet armyworms, aphids, cabbage worms, thrips, whiteflies, mites, fungu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neem
''Azadirachta indica'', commonly known as neem, margosa, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of the two species in the genus '' Azadirachta''. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and to parts of Southeast Asia, but is naturalized and grown around the world in tropical and subtropical areas. Its fruits and seeds are the source of neem oil. ''Nim'' is a Hindustani noun derived from Sanskrit ''nimba'' (). Description Margosa is a fast-growing tree that can reach a height of , and rarely . It is evergreen, shedding many of its leaves during the dry winter months. The branches are wide and spreading. The fairly dense crown is roundish and may reach a diameter of . The opposite, pinnate leaves are long, with 20 to 30 medium to dark green leaflets about long. The terminal leaflet often is missing. The petioles are short. White and fragrant flowers are arranged in more-or-less drooping axillary panicles which are up to long. The i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arid Forest Research Institute
Arid Forest Research Institute (ICFRE-AFRI) is a research institute situated in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. The institute conducts scientific research in forestry in order to provide technologies to increase the Permanent vegetative cover, vegetative cover and to conserve biodiversity in the hot arid and Semi-arid climate, semi-arid regions of Rajasthan and Gujarat. It helps to provide data and information to prevent and mitigate water scarcity related problems which affect the environment and people. It operates under the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. About The Arid Forest Research Institute was established in 1985 to cater the forestry research needs of the arid and Semi-arid climate, semi-arid region of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu, Daman-Diu. The institute is situated on Jodhpur Pali Road (National Highway 65 (India), NH 65) in a campu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Academy Press
The US National Academies Press (NAP) was created to publish the reports issued by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (formerly known as the National Research Council (United States), National Research Council), the National Academy of Engineering, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and the National Academy of Medicine. It publishes nearly 500 titles a year on a wide range of topics in the sciences, engineering, medicine, and transportation . The NAP's stated mission is seemingly self-contradictory: to disseminate as widely as possible the works of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and to be financially self-sustaining through sales. This mission has led to great experimentation in openness regarding online publishing and open access. The National Academy Press, as it was known in 1993, was the first self-sustaining publisher to make its material available on the Web, for free, in an open access m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States National Research Council
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), also known as the National Academies, is a congressionally chartered organization that serves as the collective scientific national academy of the United States. The name is used interchangeably in two senses: (1) as an umbrella term or parent organization for its three sub-divisions that operate as quasi-independent honorific learned society member organizations known as the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM); and (2) as the brand for studies and reports issued by the unified operating arm of the three academies originally known as the National Research Council (NRC). The National Academies also serve as public policy advisors, research institutes, think tanks, and public administration consultants on issues of public importance or on request by the government. The National Research Council, National Academy of Engineer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azadiradione
Azadiradione is a naturally occurring compound found in several plants, most notably the neem tree (''Azadirachta indica''). It is a tetracyclic triterpenoid. Sources Azadiradione is the principal active ingredient in neem oil, which is extracted from the seeds of the neem tree. Smaller quantities of azadiradione can also be found in other plants like ''Cedrela odorata'' (Spanish cedar), '' Chisocheton spp.'', '' Xylocarpus granatum'' (cannonball mangrove) and '' Azalea indica'' (common azalea). Applications Azadiradione acts as an antioxidant and has been used in traditional medicine in Asia, Africa and the Middle East for ages. Research suggests azadiradione may have properties that fight microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses), reduce inflammation, protect cells from damage, and even have anti-cancer Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azadirachtin
Azadirachtin, a chemical compound belonging to the limonoid group, is a secondary metabolite present in neem seeds. It is a highly oxidized tetranortriterpenoid which boasts a plethora of oxygen-bearing functional groups, including an enol ether, acetal, hemiacetal, tetra-substituted epoxide and a variety of carboxylic esters. Chemical synthesis Azadirachtin has a complex molecular structure; it presents both secondary and tertiary hydroxyl groups and a tetrahydrofuran ether in its molecular structure, alongside 16 stereogenic centres, 7 of which are tetrasubstituted. These characteristics explain the great difficulty encountered when trying to prepare this compound from simple precursors, using methods of synthetic organic chemistry. Hence, the first total synthesis was published over 22 years after the compound's discovery: this first synthesis was completed by the research group of Steven Ley at the University of Cambridge in 2007. The described synthesis was a relay appro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nimbin (chemical)
Nimbin is a triterpenoid isolated from the Azadirachta indica, neem tree (''Azadirachta indica''). Nimbin is thought to be responsible for much of the biological activities of neem oil, and is reported to have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, fungicide, fungicidal, antihistamine and antiseptic properties. The neem tree is found in multiple Asian countries such as China, Thailand, and India. Nimbin is part of the chemical family of limonoids and Triterpene, triterpenoids. Nimbin was first extracted in 1942 from neem seeds by Siddiqi ''et al''. Its molecular formula was established by Mass spectrometry, mass-spectrometry along with salannin, a compound whose chemical formula and properties are very close those of nimbin. Nimbin can be extracted from different parts of the neem tree with a solvent or supercritical carbon dioxide. Nimbin is used for different purposes because it has multiple properties such as insecticide, Antiviral drug, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salanine
Benzethonium chloride, also known as hyamine is a synthetic quaternary ammonium salt. This compound is an odorless white solid, soluble in water. It has surfactant, antiseptic, and anti-infective properties and it is used as a topical antimicrobial agent in first aid antiseptics. It is also found in cosmetics and toiletries such as soap, mouthwashes, anti-itch ointments, and antibacterial moist towelettes. Benzethonium chloride is also used in the food industry as a hard surface disinfectant. Uses Antimicrobial Benzethonium chloride exhibits a broad spectrum of microbiocidal activity against bacteria, fungi, mold, and viruses. Independent testing shows that benzethonium chloride is highly effective against such pathogens as methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'', ''Salmonella'', ''Escherichia coli'', ''Clostridioides difficile'', hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
