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Natione Polonus, Gente Ruthenus
''Gente Ruthenus, natione Polonus'' ( Ruthenian origin, of Polish nationality) — a term describing the political and national self-identification of Polonized Ruthenians (modern Belarusians, Rusyns, Ukrainians). History The authorship of this phrase has historically been attributed to the Ruthenian-Polish Renaissance thinker Stanisław Orzechowski, who, in the absence of a Ruthenian state, outlined a new political identity for the Ruthenian nobility. This identity emphasized a strong awareness of their Ruthenian origins while simultaneously acknowledging their belonging to the "Polish political nation". Later research, however, has shown that Orzechowski did not use the exact phrase ''gente ruthenus, natione polonus''. The closest formulation he used was ''gente Roxolani, natione vero Polon''i or, as he described himself, ''homo ex Ruthenis ortus, Romano tamen ritu''. The latter was meant to emphasize that Ruthenians could belong to different religious rites. Today, such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenians
A ''Ruthenian'' and ''Ruthene'' are exonyms of Latin language, Latin origin, formerly used in Eastern and Central Europe as common Ethnonym, ethnonyms for East Slavs, particularly during the late medieval and early modern periods. The Latin term was used in medieval sources to describe all Eastern Slavs of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as an exonym for people of the former Kievan Rus, Rus, thus including ancestors of the modern Belarusians, Rusyns and Ukrainians. The use of ''Ruthenian'' and related exonyms continued through the early modern period, developing several distinctive meanings, both in terms of their regional scopes and additional religious connotations (such as affiliation with the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church). In medieval sources, the Latin term was commonly applied to East Slavs in general, thus encompassing all endonyms and their various forms (; ). By opting for the use of exonymic terms, authors who wrote in Latin were relieved from the need to be specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leon Sapieha
Leon Sapieha (18 September 1803–1 September 1878), sometimes written as Leon Sapiega, was a Galician noble (''szlachcic'') and statesman. Biography Leon was born and educated in Warsaw, and studied law and economics in Paris and Edinburgh from 1820 to 1824. He began to work in the administration in the Polish (Congress) Kingdom. After the outbreak of the November Uprising in 1830, he left Russian Empire and took part in diplomatic missions of the Polish National Government in France and Great Britain. After that, he returned and participated in the Uprising in the rank of an Artillery Captain, among others in the defence of Warsaw on 6 and 7 September. He was awarded for that the Virtuti Militari Order. After the collapse of the Uprising he settled in Galicia, then part of the Austrian Empire. In 1835 Russian authorities confiscated his estates in Congress Poland as punishment for his participation in the failed Uprising. Leon Sapieha was one of the leaders of the Ruthenia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
