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Nathan Birnbaum
Nathan Birnbaum (; pseudonyms: "Mathias Acher", "Dr. N. Birner", "Mathias Palme", "Anton Skart", "Theodor Schwarz", and "Pantarhei"; 25 April 1864 – 4 April 1937) was an Austrian writer and journalist, Jewish thinker and nationalist. His life had three main phases, representing a progression in his thinking: a Zionist phase (c. 1883 – c. 1900); a Jewish cultural autonomy phase (c. 1900 – c. 1914), which included the promotion of the Yiddish language; and a religious phase (c. 1914–1937), when he turned to Orthodox Judaism and became staunchly anti-Zionist. He married Rosa Korngut (1869–1934) and they had three sons: Solomon (Salomo) (1891–1989), Menachem (1893–1944), and Uriel (1894–1956). Early life Birnbaum was born in Vienna into an Eastern European Jewish family with roots in Austrian Galicia and Hungary. His father, Menachem Mendel Birnbaum, a merchant, hailed from Ropshitz, Galicia (now Poland), and his mother, Miriam Birnbaum (née Seelenfreund), wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Burns
George Burns (born Nathan Birnbaum; January 20, 1896March 9, 1996) was an American comedian, actor, writer, and singer, and one of the few entertainers whose career successfully spanned vaudeville, radio, film, and television. His arched eyebrow and cigar-smoke punctuation became familiar trademarks for over three-quarters of a century. He and his wife Gracie Allen appeared on radio, television and film as the comedy duo Burns and Allen. At age 79, Burns experienced a sudden career revival as an amiable, beloved, and unusually active comedy elder statesman in the 1975 film ''The Sunshine Boys (1975 film), The Sunshine Boys'', for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Early life George Burns was born Nathan Birnbaum () on January 20, 1896, in New York City, the ninth of 12 children born to Hadassah "Dorah" (née Bluth; ; 1857–1927) and Eliezer Birnbaum (; 1855–1903), known as Louis or Lippa, Jewish immigrants who had come to the United States from Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ropczyce
Ropczyce () is a town in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship in south-eastern Poland, situated in the valley of the Wielopolka River (a tributary of the Wisłoka River). The town has a population of 15,098 (). and is the seat of Ropczyce-Sędziszów County. Geography Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, it is the capital of Ropczyce-Sędziszów County. Ropczyce is located east of Kraków and west of Rzeszów. The coordinates for Ropczyce: Latitude 50°0500' and Longitude 21°6167. In DMS or Degree, Minutes, & Seconds; Latitude 50°2'60N and Longitude is 21°37'0E. Its elevation is above sea level. The time zone for Poland is UTC+1. Population Ropczyce has a total population of 26,055 according to the Polish Official Census 2008 of whom 15,098 live in the Ropczyce urban area and 10,957 live in the surrounding rural areas ( radius).' It is the seat of Ropczyce-Sędziszów County, which has a total population of 713,350 people (30 June 2008). History The first reference to Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golus Nationalism
''Golus'' nationalism (Yiddish: ''Golus natsionalizm'' after '' golus'', ), or diaspora nationalism, is a national movement of the Jewish people that argues for furthering Jewish national and cultural life in centers of large Jewish communities throughout the world while simultaneously seeking recognition for a Jewish national identity from world powers. The term ''golus'' has been understood to mean both "diaspora" and "exile." Origins ''Golus'' nationalism was conceived of by Nathan Birnbaum (1864–1937): the Austrian philosopher who had given Zionism its name. Although Birnbaum was an early theorist of Zionism and participated in the First Zionist Congress (1897), he broke with the movement shortly thereafter. Birnbaum began to develop a theory of pan-Judaism (''Alljudentum'') that embraced Jewish life in the Diaspora. Birnbaum studied Yiddish and was interested in the degree to which Eastern European Jewry preserved its internal culture relative to that of the Wester ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Diaspora
The Jewish diaspora ( ), alternatively the dispersion ( ) or the exile ( ; ), consists of Jews who reside outside of the Land of Israel. Historically, it refers to the expansive scattering of the Israelites out of their homeland in the Southern Levant and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the world, which gave rise to the various Jewish communities. In the Hebrew Bible, the term () denotes the fate of the Twelve Tribes of Israel over the course of two major exilic events in ancient Israel and Judah: the Assyrian captivity, which occurred after the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the 8th century BCE; and the Babylonian captivity, which occurred after the Kingdom of Judah was conquered by the Neo-Babylonian Empire in the 6th century BCE. While those who were taken from Israel dispersed as the Ten Lost Tribes, those who were taken from Judah—consisting of the Tribe of Judah and the Tribe of Benjamin—becam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zionist Organization
The World Zionist Organization (; ''HaHistadrut HaTzionit Ha'Olamit''), or WZO, is a non-governmental organization that promotes Zionism. It was founded as the Zionist Organization (ZO; 1897–1960) at the initiative of Theodor Herzl at the First Zionist Congress, which took place in August 1897 in Basel, Switzerland. The goals of the Zionist movement were set out in the Basel Program. Operating under the aegis of the WZO are organizations that define themselves as Zionist, such as WIZO, Hadassah, B'nai B'rith, Maccabi, the International Sephardic Federation, the World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS), and more. The Jewish Agency for Israel is a parallel organization, with goals, attributes and leadership closely intertwined with those of the Zionist Organization during the years before the establishment of the State of Israel, and to varying degrees after that. Significant changes to the statutes of both organizations occurred in 1952, 1970 and 1979. History Founded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Zionist Congress
The First Zionist Congress () was the inaugural congress of the Zionist Organization, Zionist Organization (ZO) held in the Stadtcasino Basel in the city of Basel on August 29–31, 1897. Two hundred and eight delegates from 17 countries and 26 press correspondents attended the event. It was convened and chairperson, chaired by Theodor Herzl, the founder of the modern Zionism movement. The Congress formulated a Zionist platform, known as the Basel Program, Basel program, and founded the Zionist Organization. The conference was covered by the international press, making a significant impression. History The first Zionist Congress was convened by Theodor Herzl as a symbolic parliament for the small minority of Jews, Jewry in agreement with the implementation of Zionism, Zionist goals. While Jewish majority indifference or opposition to Zionism would continue until after revelation of the Holocaust in World War II, some proponents point to several directions and streams of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emancipation Of The Jews
Jewish emancipation was the process in various nations in Europe of eliminating Jewish disabilities, to which European Jews were then subject, and the recognition of Jews as entitled to equality and citizenship rights. It included efforts within the community to integrate into their societies as citizens. It occurred gradually between the late 18th century and the early 20th century. Jewish emancipation followed after the Age of Enlightenment and the concurrent Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment. Various nations repealed or superseded previous discriminatory laws applied specifically against Jews where they resided. Before the emancipation, most Jews were isolated in residential areas from the rest of the society; emancipation was a major goal of European Jews of that time, who worked within their communities to achieve integration in the majority societies and broader education. Many became active politically and culturally within wider European civil society as Jews gained full ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodor Herzl
Theodor Herzl (2 May 1860 – 3 July 1904) was an Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Jewish journalist and lawyer who was the father of Types of Zionism, modern political Zionism. Herzl formed the World Zionist Organization, Zionist Organization and promoted Aliyah, Jewish immigration to Palestine (region), Palestine in an effort to form a Jewish state. Due to his Zionist work, he is known in Hebrew as (), . He is specifically mentioned in the Israeli Declaration of Independence and is officially referred to as "the spiritual father of the Jewish State". Herzl was born in Pest, Hungary, Pest, then part of Kingdom of Hungary, to a prosperous Neolog Judaism, Neolog Jewish family. After a brief legal career in Vienna, he became the Paris correspondent for the Viennese newspaper ''Neue Freie Presse''. Confronted with antisemitic events in Vienna, he reached the conclusion that anti-Jewish sentiment would make Jewish assimilation impossible, and that the only solution for Jews was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Student Association
A students' union or student union, is a student organization present in many colleges, universities, and high schools. In higher education, the students' union is often accorded its own building on the campus, dedicated to social, organizational activities, representation, and academic support of the membership. It may also be a club (organization), club. In the United States, ''student union'' often only refers to a physical building owned by the university with the purpose of providing services for students without a governing body. This building is also referred to as a student activity center, although the Association of College Unions International (largely US-based) has hundreds of campus organizational members. Outside the US, ''student union'' and ''students' union'' more often refer to a representative body, as distinct from a ''student activity centre'' building, and may also refer to a building run by that representative body. Purpose Depending on the country, the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadimah (student Association)
Kadimah (, lit. ''Onward'') (German: A.V. Kadima Wien) was the first Jewish student association in Vienna, founded many years before Theodor Herzl became the leading spokesman of the Zionist movement. History The national Jewish and Zionist ''Kadimah'' was founded by Nathan Birnbaum together with Moses Schnirer, Ruben Bierer and Peretz Smolenskin in Vienna on 25 October 1882. Well-known members of ''Kadimah'' include Sigmund Freud, Isidor Schalit and Fritz Löhner-Beda. Members of the Kadimah founded the Jewish studentenverbindung ''Hasmonaea Czernowitz'' in 1891, ''Moriah Vienna'' in 1893 and ''Barissia Radautz'' in 1912. This movement was founded by Galician students in Vienne, but dominated by Western Jews around 1900.Hitler's Vienna, by Brigitte Hamann, page 272 ''Kadimah'' itself was liquidated by then Nazi Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Vienna
The University of Vienna (, ) is a public university, public research university in Vienna, Austria. Founded by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, Duke Rudolph IV in 1365, it is the oldest university in the German-speaking world and among the largest institutions of higher learning in Europe. The university is associated with 17 List of Nobel laureates, Nobel Prize winners and has been the home to many scholars of historical and academic importance. History Middle Ages to the Enlightenment The university was founded on March 12, 1365, by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, hence the name "Alma Mater Rudolphina". After the Charles University in Prague (1347) and Jagiellonian University in Kraków (1364), the University of Vienna is the third oldest university in Central Europe and the oldest university in the contemporary German-speaking world; it remains a question of definition as the Charles University in Prague was German-speaking when founded, too. However, Pope Urban V did not ratify th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarnów
Tarnów () is a city in southeastern Poland with 105,922 inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of 269,000 inhabitants. The city is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east–west connection from Lviv to Kraków, and two additional lines, one of which links the city with the Slovakia, Slovak border. Tarnów is known for its traditional architecture of Poland, Polish architecture, which was influenced by foreign cultures and foreigners that once lived in the area, most notably Jews, Germans and Austrians. The Old Town, featuring 16th century tenements, houses and defensive walls, has been preserved. Tarnów is also the warmest city of Poland, with the highest long-term mean annual temperature in the whole country. Companies headquartered in the city include Poland's largest chemical industry company Grupa Azoty and defence industry company Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów, ZMT. The city is currently subdivided into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
