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Nahui Ollin
Nahui Ollin is a concept in Aztecs, Aztec/Mexica cosmology with a variety of meanings. Nahui translates to "four" and Ollin translates to "movement" or "motion." Ollin was primarily portrayed in Aztec codices as two interlaced lines which are each portrayed with two central ends. Nahui Ollin has been used as an educational framework, particularly in social justice and ethnic studies institutions. Philosophy The concept is also described as alluding to the four preceding suns or ages in history. Nahui Ollin has been described as the Fifth Sun, fifth sun over our current world. Nahui Ollin has been described as "the sun (Tōnatiuh) in its four movements." When the fourth sun ended, Nahui Ollin emerged "from the remnant matter of an earlier age of humanity." It is believed that Quetzalcoatl traveled to Mictlān (underworld or land of the dead) to gather bones from the previous age and initiate a process of re-birthing humanity after its previous catastrophic end. According to sour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ollin Codex Barbonicus
Nahui Ollin is a concept in Aztec/Mexica cosmology with a variety of meanings. Nahui translates to "four" and Ollin translates to "movement" or "motion." Ollin was primarily portrayed in Aztec codices as two interlaced lines which are each portrayed with two central ends. Nahui Ollin has been used as an educational framework, particularly in social justice and ethnic studies institutions. Philosophy The concept is also described as alluding to the four preceding suns or ages in history. Nahui Ollin has been described as the fifth sun over our current world. Nahui Ollin has been described as "the sun (Tōnatiuh) in its four movements." When the fourth sun ended, Nahui Ollin emerged "from the remnant matter of an earlier age of humanity." It is believed that Quetzalcoatl traveled to Mictlān (underworld or land of the dead) to gather bones from the previous age and initiate a process of re-birthing humanity after its previous catastrophic end. According to sources describing Azte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nahui Ollin Codex Borbonicus Hieroglyph
Nahui may refer to: Geography * Nāhui, Peru, region of Cusco in Peru * Nahui, Hainan ( zh, 那会, link=no), village in Tianya District, Sanya, Hainan * Nahui, Guangxi ( zh, 那会, link=no), village in Lingyun County, Baise, Guangxi Other * Nahui, is a species in the family Amaranthaceae See also * Nahui Ollin Nahui Ollin is a concept in Aztecs, Aztec/Mexica cosmology with a variety of meanings. Nahui translates to "four" and Ollin translates to "movement" or "motion." Ollin was primarily portrayed in Aztec codices as two interlaced lines which are eac ... - a concept in Aztec/Mexica cosmology * Phyllophaga nahui - an insect of genus Phyllophaga {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latina/o
Feminist language reform has proposed gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender, such as Spanish. Grammatical gender in Spanish refers to how Spanish nouns are categorized as either masculine (often ending in -o) or feminine (often ending in -a). As in other Romance languages—such as Portuguese, to which Spanish is very similar—a group of both men and women, or someone of unknown gender, is usually referred to by the masculine form of a noun and/or pronoun. Advocates of gender-neutral language modification consider this to be sexist, and exclusive of gender non-conforming people. They also stress the underlying sexism of words whose feminine form has a different, often less prestigious meaning. Some argue that a gender neutral Spanish can reduce gender stereotyping, deconstructing sexist gender roles and discrimination in the workplace. Grammatical background In Spanish, the masculine is often marked with the suffix ''-o'', and it is generally easy to make a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnic Studies
Ethnic studies, in the United States, is the interdisciplinary study of difference—chiefly race, ethnicity, and nation, but also sexuality, gender, and other such markings—and power, as expressed by the state, by civil society, and by individuals. Its antecedents came before the civil rights era, as early as the 1900s. During that time, educator and historian W. E. B. Du Bois expressed the need for teaching black history. However, Ethnic Studies became widely known as a secondary issue that arose after the civil rights era. Ethnic studies was originally conceived to re-frame the way that specific disciplines had told the stories, histories, struggles and triumphs of people of color on what was seen to be their own terms. In recent years, it has broadened its focus to include questions of representation, racialization, racial formation theory, and more determinedly interdisciplinary topics and approaches. As opposed to international studies, which was originally created t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aztec Mythology And Religion
The Aztecs ( ) were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the Post-Classic stage, post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different Indigenous peoples of Mexico, ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl, Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Aztec culture was organized into city-states (''altepetl''), some of which joined to form alliances, political confederations, or empires. The Aztec Empire was a confederation of three city-states established in 1427: Tenochtitlan, the capital city of the Mexica or Tenochca, Tetzcoco (altepetl), Tetzcoco, and Tlacopan, previously part of the Tepanec empire, whose dominant power was Azcapotzalco (altepetl), Azcapotzalco. Although the term Aztecs is often narrowly restricted to the Mexica of Tenochtitlan, it is also broadly used to refer to Nahuas, Nahua polities or peoples of central Pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emma Pérez
Emma Pérez is an American author and professor, known for her work in queer Chicana feminist studies. Biography Pérez was born in El Campo, Texas in October 25, 1954. In 1979, she received an undergraduate degree in political science and women's studies from the University of California, Los Angeles. She obtained her master's and doctorate in history from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1982 and 1988, respectively. Pérez was a professor at the University of Texas at El Paso (1990–2003), where she became the Chair of the History Department. In 2003, she became a professor and the chair of the department of Ethnic Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and taught in their Ph.D. in Comparative Ethnic Studies. Since 2017, Pérez has been a research social scientist at the Southwest Studies Center at the University of Arizona where she is also a professor in the Gender and Women's Studies department. As a scholar, she specializes in Chicana history, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Epistemology
Indigenous American philosophy is the philosophy of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. An Indigenous philosopher is an Indigenous American person who practices philosophy and draws upon the history, culture, language, and traditions of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Many different traditions of philosophy exist in the Americas, and have from Precolumbian times. Indigenous-American philosophical thought consists of a wide variety of beliefs and traditions among different American cultures. Among some of U.S. Native American communities, there is a belief in a metaphysical principle called the 'Great Spirit' (Siouan: '' wakȟáŋ tȟáŋka''; Algonquian: ''gitche manitou''). Another widely shared concept was that of ''orenda'' ('spiritual power'). According to Whiteley (1998), for the Native Americans, "mind is critically informed by transcendental experience (dreams, visions and so on) as well as by reason." The practices to access these transcendental experiences ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupac Enrique Acosta
Tupac Enrique Acosta (February 7, 1952 – November 9, 2023) was an Indigenous activist. Early life Born in San Antonio, Texas, Tupac Enrique Acosta identified as Izkaloteka, descendants of the Mexica Indigenous people of modern-day Mexico and the Southwestern U.S. Tupac Enrique Acosta, originally referred to as Enrique Acosta, switched names in representation of Incan leader, Túpac Amaru. Acosta was also known as Tupac Huehuecoyotl after Huehuecoyotl, a Nahuatl word meaning ancient coyote. Career Acosta was involved in the Chicano Movement in the early seventies. His guidance was critical in the formation of the Nahui Ollin educational framework implemented in the former K-12 Mexican American Studies Department Programs in Tucson Unified School District and in its evolution, the Xicanx Institute for Teaching & Organizing. The Maricopa County Organizing Project(MCOP) was founded in 1977 for farmworkers and undocumented workers to protect human rights and represent the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xipe Totec
In Aztec mythology, Xipe Totec (; ) or XipetotecRobelo 1905, p. 768. ("Our Lord the Flayed One") was a life-death-rebirth deity, god of agriculture, vegetation, the east, spring, goldsmiths, silversmiths, liberation, deadly warfare, the seasons, and the earth. The female equivalent of Xipe Totec was the goddess Xilonen- Chicomecoatl. Xipe Totec connected agricultural renewal with warfare. He flayed himself to give food to humanity, symbolic of the way maize seeds lose their outer layer before germination and of snakes shedding their skin. He is often depicted as being red beneath the flayed skin he wears, likely referencing his own flayed nature. Xipe Totec was believed by the Aztecs to be the god that invented war. His insignia included the pointed cap and rattle staff, which was the war attire for the Mexica emperor. He had a temple called Yopico within the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan.Miller & Taube 1993, 2003, p.188. Xipe Totec is associated with pimples, inflammation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huītzilōpōchtli
Huitzilopochtli (, ) is the Solar deity, solar and war deity of sacrifice in Aztec religion. He was also the patron god of the Aztecs and their capital city, Tenochtitlan. He wielded Xiuhcoatl, the fire serpent, as a weapon, thus also associating Huitzilopochtli with fire. The Spanish Empire, Spaniards recorded the deity's name as ''Huichilobos''. During their discovery and conquest of the Aztec Empire, they wrote that Human sacrifice in Aztec culture, human sacrifice was common in worship ceremonies. These took place frequently throughout the region. When performed, typically multiple victims were sacrificed per day at any one of the numerous temples. Etymology There continues to be disagreement about the full significance of Huītzilōpōchtli's name. Generally it is agreed that there are two elements, "hummingbird" and "left hand side." The name is often translated as "Left-Handed Hummingbird" or "Hummingbird of the South" on the basis that Aztec mythology, Aztec cosmology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tezcatlipoca
Tezcatlipoca ( ) or Tezcatl Ipoca was a central deity in Aztec religion. He is associated with a variety of concepts, including the night sky, hurricanes, obsidian, and conflict. He was considered one of the four sons of Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl, the primordial dual deity. His main festival was Toxcatl, which, like most religious festivals of Aztec culture, involved human sacrifice. Tezcatlipoca's nagual, his animal counterpart, was the jaguar. In the form of a jaguar he became the deity Tepeyollotl ("Mountainheart"). In one of the two main Aztec calendars (the Tonalpohualli), Tezcatlipoca ruled the trecena ''1 Ocelotl'' ("1 Jaguar"); he was also patron of the days with the name ''Acatl'' ("reed"). A strong connection with the calendar as a whole is suggested by his depiction in texts such as the Codex Borgia and Codex Fejéváry-Mayer, where Tezcatlipoca is surrounded by day signs, implying a sort of mastery over them. A talisman related to Tezcatlipoca was a disc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
