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N,N-Dimethylphenylenediamine
''N'',''N''-Dimethylphenylenediamine is an organic compound with the formula . It is one of the phenylenediamines, a class of compounds that have long attracted attention for their redox properties. This diamine is, for example, easily oxidized to a deep red radical cation, which is called Wurster's Red. The related Wurster's Blue cation has four N-methyl groups Synthesis Dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine is prepared by the nitration of dimethylaniline followed by reduction of the resulting 4-nitrodimethylaniline. A variety of methods have been examined. Applications Dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine can be converted to methylene blue by reaction with dimethylaniline and sodium thiosulfate in several steps: : It reacts with carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide (also spelled as carbon disulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula and structure . It is also considered as the anhydride of thiocarbonic acid. It is a colorless, flammable, neurotoxic liquid that is used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wurster's Blue
Tetramethylphenylenediamine (TMPD) is an organic compound with the formula . It is most studied of three isomers of this formula. It is a colorless solid. With two dimethylamino substituents, the ring is particularly electron rich. Redox behavior One-electron oxidation of TMPD gives the deep blue radical cation called Wurster's blue, . It was one of the first radical cations to be reported. Many properties have been described including its rapid rate of Outer sphere electron transfer, self-exchange: : X-ray crystallography of the TMPD and its iodide salt reveals that oxidation most strongly contracts the C-N(CH3)2 and the HC---CH bonds, indicating that oxidation gives a quinoid-like species. The monocation illustrates an early step in the oxidation of p-phenylenediamine derivatives, which are widely used for hair dying. N,N-Dimethylphenylenediamine () also easily oxidizes to a radical cation, called Wurster's Red. The hydrochloride salt of TMPD has been used as a redox ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merck Index
''The Merck Index'' is an encyclopedia of chemical substance, chemicals, pharmaceutical drug, drugs and biomolecule, biologicals with over 10,000 monographs on single substances or groups of related chemical compound, compounds published online by the Royal Society of Chemistry. History The first edition of the Merck's Index was published in 1889 by the German chemical company Merck Group, Emanuel Merck and was primarily used as a sales catalog for Merck's growing list of chemicals it sold. The American subsidiary was established two years later and continued to publish it. During World War I the US government seized Merck's US operations and made it a separate American "Merck" company that continued to publish the Merck Index. In 2012 the Merck Index was licensed to the Royal Society of Chemistry. An online version of The Merck Index, including historic records and new updates not in the print edition, is commonly available through research libraries. It also includes an append ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes (e.g. methane ) and its derivatives are universally considered organic, but many others are sometimes considered inorganic, such as certain compounds of carbon with nitrogen and oxygen (e.g. cyanide ion , hydrogen cyanide , chloroformic acid , carbon dioxide , and carbonate ion ). Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, and even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylenediamine
Phenylenediamine may refer to: * ''o''-Phenylenediamine or OPD, a chemical compound C6H4(NH2)2 * ''m''-Phenylenediamine or MPD, a chemical compound C6H4(NH2)2 * ''p''-Phenylenediamine or PPD, a chemical compound C6H4(NH2)2 Related compounds * ''N,N''-Dimethyl-''p''-phenylenediamine or DMPD * ''N,N,N′,N′''-Tetramethyl-''p''-phenylenediamine or TMPD, used in microbiology * ''N'',''N''-Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine or DPD {{Chemistry index Diamines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diamine
A diamine is an amine with two amino groups. Diamines are used as monomers to prepare polyamides, polyimides, and polyureas. The term ''diamine'' refers mostly to Primary (chemistry), primary diamines, as those are the most reactive. In terms of quantities produced, 1,6-diaminohexane (a precursor to Nylon 6-6) is most important, followed by ethylenediamine. Vicinal (chemistry), Vicinal diamines (1,2-diamines) are a structural motif in many biological compounds and are used as ligands in coordination chemistry. Aliphatic diamines Linear * 2 carbon backbone: ethylenediamine (1,2-diaminoethane). Related derivatives include the N-alkylated compounds, 1,1-dimethylethylenediamine, 1,2-dimethylethylenediamine, ethambutol, tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene, TMEDA. Many 1,2-diamine derivatives are of practical interest such as penicillin. * 3 carbon backbone: 1,3-diaminopropane (propane-1,3-diamine) * 4 carbon backbone: putrescine (butane-1,4-diamine) * 5 carbon backbone: cadaverine (pen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radical Cation
Radical cations are denoted M^. Salts of these species have been isolated in the cases of dibenzocyclooctatetraene, various tertiary amines, and some polymethylated derivatives of azulene. Radical cations, like radical anions, have one unpaired electron, i.e. they are paramagnetic. Mass spectrometry Radical cations appear prominently in mass spectrometry. When a gas-phase molecule is subjected to electron ionization one electron is abstracted by an electron in the electron beam to create a radical cation M+.. This species represents the molecular ion or parent ion. A typical mass spectrum shows multiple signals because the molecular ion fragments into a complex mixture of ions and uncharged radical species. For example, the methanol radical cation fragments into a methenium cation and a hydroxyl radical. In naphthalene the unfragmented radical cation is by far the most prominent peak in the mass spectrum. Secondary species are generated from proton gain (M+1) and proton loss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitration
In organic chemistry, nitration is a general class of chemical processes for the introduction of a nitro group () into an organic compound. The term also is applied incorrectly to the different process of forming nitrate esters () between Alcohol (chemistry), alcohols and nitric acid (as occurs in the Organic synthesis, synthesis of nitroglycerin). The difference between the resulting molecular structures of nitro compounds and nitrates () is that the nitrogen atom in nitro compounds is directly Chemical bond, bonded to a non-oxygen atom (typically carbon or another nitrogen atom), whereas in nitrate esters (also called organic nitrates), the nitrogen is bonded to an oxygen atom that in turn usually is bonded to a carbon atom (nitrito group). There are many major industrial applications of nitration in the strict sense; the most important by volume are for the production of nitroaromatic compounds such as nitrobenzene. The technology is long-standing and mature. : Nitration rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimethylaniline
''N'',''N''-Dimethylaniline (DMA) is an organic chemical compound, a substituted derivative of aniline. It is a tertiary amine, featuring a dimethylamino group attached to a phenyl group. This oily liquid is colourless when pure, but commercial samples are often yellow. It is an important precursor to dyes such as crystal violet. Preparation DMA was first reported in 1850 by the German chemist A. W. Hofmann, who prepared it by heating aniline and iodomethane: :C6H5NH2 + 2 CH3I → C6H5N(CH3)2 + 2 HI DMA is produced industrially by alkylation of aniline with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst:Kahl, Thomas ''et al.'' (2007) "Aniline" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry''. John Wiley & Sons: New York. :C6H5NH2 + 2 CH3OH → C6H5N(CH3)2 + 2 H2O Similarly, it is also prepared using dimethyl ether as the methylating agent. Reactions Dimethylaniline undergoes many of the reactions expected for an aniline, being weakly basic and reactive toward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylene Blue
Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia. It has previously been used for treating cyanide poisoning and urinary tract infections, but this use is no longer recommended. Methylene blue is typically given by injection into a vein. Common side effects include headache, nausea, and vomiting. Methylene blue was first prepared in 1876, by Heinrich Caro. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Medical uses Methemoglobinemia Methylene blue is used to treat methemoglobinemia by chemically reducing the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. Methemoglobinemia can arise from ingestion of certain pharmaceuticals, toxins, or broad beans in those susceptible. Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or in which there are symptoms despite oxygen therapy. Normally, through the NADH- or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Thiosulfate
Sodium thiosulfate (sodium thiosulphate) is an inorganic compound with the formula . Typically it is available as the white or colorless pentahydrate (x = 5), which is a white solid that dissolves well in water. The compound is a reducing agent and a ligand, and these properties underpin its applications. Uses Sodium thiosulfate is used predominantly in dyeing. It converts some dyes to their soluble colorless "leuco" forms. It is also used to bleach "wool, cotton, silk, ...soaps, glues, clay, sand, bauxite, and... edible oils, edible fats, and gelatin." Medical uses Sodium thiosulfate is used in the treatment of cyanide poisoning. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Other uses include topical treatment of ringworm and tinea versicolor, and treating some side effects of hemodialysis and chemotherapy. In September 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sodium thiosulfate under the trade name Pedmark to lessen the risk of oto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synthesis Of Methylene Blue
Synthesis or synthesize may refer to: Science Chemistry and biochemistry *Chemical synthesis, the execution of chemical reactions to form a more complex molecule from chemical precursors **Organic synthesis, the chemical synthesis of organic compounds ***Total synthesis, the complete organic synthesis of complex organic compounds, usually without the aid of biological processes ***Convergent synthesis or linear synthesis, a strategy to improve the efficiency of multi-step chemical syntheses **Dehydration synthesis, a chemical synthesis resulting in the loss of a water molecule *Biosynthesis, the creation of an organic compound in a living organism, usually aided by enzymes **Photosynthesis, a biochemical reaction using a carbon molecule to produce an organic molecule, using sunlight as a catalyst **Chemosynthesis, the synthesis of biological compounds into organic waste, using methane or an oxidized molecule as a catalyst **Amino acid synthesis, the synthesis of an amino acid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
