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Myroxylon
''Myroxylon'' is a genus of Fabaceae native to Latin America. History The first described species in this genus was '' M. balsamum.'' It was originally described in 1753 by Linnaeus as ''Toluifera balsamum'', based on a specimen collected in the province of Cartagena (at the time Tolú was located in the province of Cartagena). The genus ''Myroxylon'' was first established by Linnaeus filius in 1781, when he described '' M. peruiferum'' based on a specimen collected by Mutis in South America. Although ''Toluifera'' is prior in term of publication time, ''Myroxylon'' is chosen as the conserved name and ''Toluifera'' is rejected. The name derives from Greek μύρρα (''myrrha'', " myrrh") and ξύλον (''xylon'', "wood"). Species Some authors recognize infra-specific taxa based, mainly, in their balsam phytochemistry; while other authors do not recognize such categories. There are reports of differences in composition of balsams obtained from ''M. balsamum'' var. ''bals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myroxylon Balsamum
''Myroxylon balsamum'', Santos mahogany, is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to tropical forests from Southern Mexico through the Amazon regions of Peru and Brazil at elevations of . Plants are found growing in well drained soil in evergreen humid forest. Varieties According to the Germplasm Resources Information Network, there are two varieties: *''Myroxylon balsamum'' var. ''balsamum'' – Tolu balsam tree *''Myroxylon balsamum'' var. ''pereirae'' (Royle) Harms – Peru balsam tree Description The tree is large slow growing, reaching in height. Crown is round with dense foliage and the bark is yellowish with a pungent odor. Leaves alternate, petiolate, including the petioles, the petioles long, and the rachis long. The rachis and petioles are pubescent and terete. Leaflets are acute to acuminate at the apex, obtuse at the base, glabrous, with an entire margin and glandular oil dots. Plants bloom 5 years from seeds during the months of February ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myroxylon Peruiferum Tronco
''Myroxylon'' is a genus of Fabaceae native to Latin America. History The first described species in this genus was '' M. balsamum.'' It was originally described in 1753 by Linnaeus as ''Toluifera balsamum'', based on a specimen collected in the province of Cartagena (at the time Tolú was located in the province of Cartagena). The genus ''Myroxylon'' was first established by Linnaeus filius in 1781, when he described '' M. peruiferum'' based on a specimen collected by Mutis in South America. Although ''Toluifera'' is prior in term of publication time, ''Myroxylon'' is chosen as the conserved name and ''Toluifera'' is rejected. The name derives from Greek μύρρα (''myrrha'', " myrrh") and ξύλον (''xylon'', "wood"). Species Some authors recognize infra-specific taxa based, mainly, in their balsam phytochemistry; while other authors do not recognize such categories. There are reports of differences in composition of balsams obtained from ''M. balsamum'' var. ''bals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myroxylon Balsamum 0zz
''Myroxylon'' is a genus of Fabaceae native to Latin America. History The first described species in this genus was '' M. balsamum.'' It was originally described in 1753 by Linnaeus as ''Toluifera balsamum'', based on a specimen collected in the province of Cartagena (at the time Tolú was located in the province of Cartagena). The genus ''Myroxylon'' was first established by Linnaeus filius in 1781, when he described '' M. peruiferum'' based on a specimen collected by Mutis in South America. Although ''Toluifera'' is prior in term of publication time, ''Myroxylon'' is chosen as the conserved name and ''Toluifera'' is rejected. The name derives from Greek μύρρα (''myrrha'', " myrrh") and ξύλον (''xylon'', "wood"). Species Some authors recognize infra-specific taxa based, mainly, in their balsam phytochemistry; while other authors do not recognize such categories. There are reports of differences in composition of balsams obtained from ''M. balsamum'' var. ''bals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myroxylon Peruiferum
''Myroxylon peruiferum'', or quina, is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to tropical forests of North and South America. There is some historical documentation that could indicate this tree was the original species used to produce the fever remedy known as Peruvian Bark or Jesuit's Bark, which was synthesized by Jesuit missionaries in the 1600s from their observations of indigenous healers working with local flora. This remedy later became connected to the cinchona tree, also native to Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia, which produces quinine Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. This includes the treatment of malaria due to '' Plasmodium falciparum'' that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. While sometimes used for nocturnal le ..., a natural alkaloid that is effective against malaria. The two trees are not in the same taxonomic order or family. Some contemporary resources do point to other traditional m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylosma
''Xylosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae. It contains around 100 species of evergreen shrubs and trees commonly known as brushhollies, xylosmas, or, more ambiguously, " logwoods". The generic name is derived from the Greek words ξύλον (''xylon''), meaning "wood," and ὀσμή (''osmé''), meaning "smell," referring to the fragrant wood of some of the species. The Takhtajan system places it in the family Flacourtiaceae, which is considered defunct by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Description The leaves are alternate, simple, entire or finely toothed, long. The flowers are small, yellowish, produced on racemes long, usually dioecious, and have a strong scent. The fruit is a small purple-black berry in diameter that contains 2 to 8 seeds. Range The genus is predominantly native to the tropics and subtropics, from the Caribbean, Central America, northern South America, the Pacific Islands, southern Asia and northern Australasia. Two spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pipecolic Acid
Pipecolic acid (piperidine-2-carboxylic acid) is an organic compound with the formula HNC5H9CO2H. It is a carboxylic acid derivative of piperidine and, as such, an amino acid, although not one encoded genetically. Like many other α-amino acids, pipecolic acid is chiral, although the S-stereoisomer is more common. It is a colorless solid. Its biosynthesis starts from lysine. CRYM, a taxon-specific protein that also binds thyroid hormones, is involved in the pipecolic acid pathway. Medicine It accumulates in pipecolic acidemia. Pipecolic acid can be associated with some forms of epilepsy. Occurrence and reactions Like most amino acids, pipecolic acid is a chelating agent. One complex is Cu(HNC5H9CO2)2(H2O)2. Pipecolic acid was identified in the Murchison meteorite. It also occurs in the leaves of the genus ''Myroxylon'', a tree from South America. See also * Bupivacaine Bupivacaine, marketed under the brand name Marcaine among others, is a medication used to decrease ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stamen
The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament and an anther which contains '' microsporangia''. Most commonly anthers are two-lobed and are attached to the filament either at the base or in the middle area of the anther. The sterile tissue between the lobes is called the connective, an extension of the filament containing conducting strands. It can be seen as an extension on the dorsal side of the anther. A pollen grain develops from a microspore in the microsporangium and contains the male gametophyte. The stamens in a flower are collectively called the androecium. The androecium can consist of as few as one-half stamen (i.e. a single locule) as in '' Canna'' species or as many as 3,482 stamens which have been counted in the saguaro (''Carnegiea gigantea''). The androecium in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinnate
Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals, such as some forms of ice or metal crystals, and in patterns of erosion or stream beds. The term derives from the Latin word ''pinna'' meaning "feather", "wing", or "fin". A similar concept is "pectination," which is a comb-like arrangement of parts (arising from one side of an axis only). Pinnation is commonly referred to in contrast to "palmation," in which the parts or structures radiate out from a common point. The terms "pinnation" and "pennation" are cognate, and although they are sometimes used distinctly, there is no consistent difference in the meaning or usage of the two words.Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. London, 4th ed 1928 Plants Botanically, pinnation is an arrangement of di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf
A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit collectively form the shoot system. In most leaves, the primary photosynthetic tissue is the palisade mesophyll and is located on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of ''Eucalyptus'', palisade mesophyll is present on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral. Most leaves are flattened and have distinct upper (adaxial) and lower ( abaxial) surfaces that differ in color, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases), the amount and structure of epicuticular wax and other features. Leaves are mostly green in color due to the presence of a compound called chlorophyll that is essential for photosynthesis as it absorbs light ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legume
A legume () is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seed of such a plant. When used as a dry grain, the seed is also called a pulse. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for human consumption, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure. Well-known legumes include beans, soybeans, chickpeas, peanuts, lentils, lupins, mesquite, carob, tamarind, alfalfa, and clover. Legumes produce a botanically unique type of fruit – a simple dry fruit that develops from a simple carpel and usually dehisces (opens along a seam) on two sides. Legumes are notable in that most of them have symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in structures called root nodules. For that reason, they play a key role in crop rotation. Terminology The term ''pulse'', as used by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), is reserved for legume crops harvested solely for the dry seed. This excludes green beans and green peas, which are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raceme
A raceme ( or ) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the shoot grows in height, with no predetermined growth limit. Examples of racemes occur on mustard (genus '' Brassica'') and radish (genus '' Raphanus'') plants. Definition A ''raceme'' or ''racemoid'' is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing pedicellate flowers (flowers having short floral stalks called ''pedicels'') along its axis. In botany, an ''axis'' means a shoot, in this case one bearing the flowers. In indeterminate inflorescence-like racemes, the oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the shoot grows in height, with no predetermined growth limit. A plant that flowers on a showy raceme may have this reflected in its scientific name, e.g. the species ''Cimicifuga racemosa''. A comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propagated using the movements of humans and animals in a symbiotic relationship that is the means for seed dispersal for the one group and nutrition for the other; in fact, humans and many animals have become dependent on fruits as a source of food. Consequently, fruits account for a substantial fraction of the world's agricultural output, and some (such as the apple and the pomegranate) have acquired extensive cultural and symbolic meanings. In common language usage, "fruit" normally means the seed-associated fleshy structures (or produce) of plants that typically are sweet or sour and edible in the raw state, such as apples, bananas, grapes, lemons, oranges, and strawberries. In botanical usage, the term "fruit" a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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