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Matilda Hays
Matilda Mary Hays (8 September 1820 – 3 July 1897) was a 19th-century English writer, journalist and part-time actress. With Elizabeth Ashurst, Hays translated several of George Sand's works into English. She co-founded the ''English Woman's Journal''. Her love interests included the actress Charlotte Cushman, with whom she had a 10-year relationship, and the poet Adelaide Anne Procter. Early life Hays was born in London on 8 September 1820, the daughter of a corn merchant named John Hays and his wife Elizabeth Mary Atkinson. Elizabeth had previously been married to Jacob Breese until his death in February 1807, giving Matilda two elder half-sisters, Emma Marianne and Clara, who married Frederick Salmon in 1830. Matilda's full siblings were Elizabeth, Susanna and Albert. Hays was identified as a Creole or, according to Joseph Parkes, half Creole. If this is true, it must be through her mother's side, as her father's family were Londoners going back at least three generations. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Ann Ashurst Bardonneau
Elizabeth "Eliza" Ann Ashurst Bardonneau (8 July 1813 – 25 November 1850) was a member of an important family of radical activists in mid-nineteenth-century England and the first translator of George Sand's work into English. The family supported causes ranging from women's suffrage to Italian unification. Early life On 8 July 1813, Elizabeth Ashurst was born to Elizabeth Ann Brown and William Henry Ashurst (solicitor), William Henry Ashurst. She was the oldest child. Her siblings were William Henry Ashurst Jr., Caroline Ashurst Stansfeld, Caroline Ashurst (Stansfeld), Emilie Ashurst (Venturi) and Matilda Ashurst Biggs, Matilda Ashurst (Biggs). She grew up in the Ashurst home in Muswell Hill, London. George Sand translations Ashurst and the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini met and began corresponding in 1844. She sent him a translation of ''The Mosaic Workers'' by George Sand. Mazzini responded that he liked it and suggested that she also translate a work of Sand's he a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Essay
An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a letter, a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have been sub-classified as formal and informal: formal essays are characterized by "serious purpose, dignity, logical organization, length," whereas the informal essay is characterized by "the personal element (self-revelation, individual tastes and experiences, confidential manner), humor, graceful style, rambling structure, unconventionality or novelty of theme," etc. Essays are commonly used as literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e.g., Alexander Pope's ''An Essay on Criticism'' and '' An Essay on Man''). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke's ''An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susan Webb Cushman
Susan Webb Cushman (March 17, 1822 – May 10, 1859) was a Boston, Massachusetts-born American actress, the younger sister of established actress Charlotte Cushman. Susan Cushman débuted in Epes Sargent's play, ''The Genoese'' in 1836, a year after a trip with her mother to see Charlotte, an up-and-coming actress, in New York City and Albany, New York. American career Following a failed marriage that same year to Nelson Meriman, after which he left her destitute with a child, she followed Charlotte's advice to pursue an acting career with her. Together they acted in New York City and Philadelphia, circa 1841–1842, as Grace Harkaway (Susan) and Lady Gay Spanker (Charlotte). She received acclaim in the play ''Satan in Paris'' and played Desdemona to George Vandenhoff's Othello. In 1842 Susan was a member and Charlotte a stage manager of the Walnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia, where Vandenhoff performed for six nights for $180. Vandenhoff later acknowledged both Charl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodosia Blacker, Lady Monson
Theodosia Monson, Baroness Monson of Burton ''(née'' Blacker; b. 23 July 1803, Warkworth, Northumberland, d. 3 July 1891, Malvern Wells, Worcestershire) was a promoter of women's rights, horsewoman, atheist and landscape painter. According to Sharon Marcus, she was the last companion of Matilda Hays. Biography Theodosia Blacker was born on 23 July 1803 at Warkworth, Northumberland, the fifth and youngest daughter of Major Latham Blacker (1765–1846) of Drogheda, Ireland, and subsequently of Newent, Gloucestershire, and Catherine Maddison (1769–1823). Her paternal grandparents were Latham Blacker (c. 1711 – post 1765) and Martha Beaver (died 1802). Her maternal grandfather was Colonel George Maddison of Lincolnshire. She had one sister, Catherine Blacker Onslow. She married Frederick John Monson, 5th Baron Monson of Burton (1809–1841) on 21 June 1832 at St James's Church, Piccadilly in Westminster, London. Blacker took the name Monson and was styled as Baroness Monson of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Langham Place, London
Langham Place is a short street in Westminster, central London, England. Just north of Oxford Circus, it connects Portland Place to the north with Regent Street to the south in West End of London, London's West End. It is, or was, the location of many significant public buildings, and gives its name to the Langham Place group, a circle of early women's rights activists. Buildings There are several major buildings on Langham Place, including All Souls Church, Langham Place, All Souls Church, Broadcasting House, and the Langham Hotel, London, Langham Hotel. Queen's Hall and St. George's Hall, London, St. George's Hall were also here until the Blitz, their destruction during World War II. The area is associated with the architect John Nash (architect), John Nash, although all but one of his original buildings have been replaced. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victoria Press
The Victoria Press was a printing press started by Emily Faithfull, along with other feminist activists, in London, on March 26, 1860. The press, named after Queen Victoria, was created as a way to allow more women into the printing field. In 1867 management of the press was given by Faithfull to William Wilfred Head, a partner in the press. Head continued to print pieces advocating for the employment of women until 1882, even after buying Faithfull out in 1869. History Faithfull was a member of the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women and co-founder of the Women's Printing Society. She was also awarded the honor of being printer and publisher in ordinary to Queen Victoria, indicating that Faithfull was the official printer and publisher of Queen Victoria. Faithfull was convinced that work as a compositor could be a well-suited trade for women seeking occupation since by the nineteenth century this was generally a well-paid industry. After learning type-setting, Faithfull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society For Promoting The Employment Of Women
The Society for Promoting the Employment of Women (SPEW) was one of the earliest British women's organisations. The society was established in 1859 by Jessie Boucherett, Barbara Bodichon and Adelaide Anne Proctor to promote the training and employment of women. The ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography'' says Maria Rye was also a founding member. In its early years it was affiliated to the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, though formal connections between them were severed in 1889. The society's journal was the ''English Woman's Journal'' published by Emily Faithfull's Victoria Press. When SPEW was founded, there were few acceptable occupations for middle-class women other than a governess or a lady's companion. SPEW made it acceptable for women to be typists, hairdressers, printers, and bookkeepers. In 1926 it was renamed the Society for Promoting the Training of Women. It changed its name again in 2014, becoming Futures for Women. It still operates toda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bessie Rayner Parkes
Elizabeth Rayner Belloc (; 16 June 1829 – 23 March 1925) was one of the most prominent English feminists and campaigners for women's rights in Victorian times and also a poet, essayist and journalist. Early life Bessie Rayner Parkes was born in Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, daughter of Joseph Parkes (1796–1865), a prosperous solicitor and a liberal with Radical sympathies, and Elizabeth ("Eliza") Rayner Priestley (1797–1877), granddaughter of the scientist and Unitarian minister Joseph Priestley (1733–1804). Eliza always considered herself an American, having been born in Northumberland, Pennsylvania. Although not in great sympathy with her daughter over Bessie's strong wish to make changes in the status of women, Elizabeth nevertheless loved her dearly and did not actively oppose her; Joseph Parkes's support for his daughter's aspirations was moderate. Unusually for girls of her background, Bessie was sent to a progressive Unitarian boarding school at age 11, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbara Bodichon
Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon (born Barbara Leigh Smith; 8 April 1827 – 11 June 1891) was an English educationalist and artist, and a leading mid-19th-century feminist and women's rights activist. She published her influential ''Brief Summary of the Laws of England concerning Women'' in 1854 and the ''English Woman's Journal'' in 1858. Bodichon co-founded Girton College, Cambridge (1869). Her brother was the Arctic explorer Benjamin Leigh Smith. Family and upbringing Barbara Bodichon was the extra-marital child of Anne Longden, a milliner from Alfreton, Derbyshire and a Whig politician, Benjamin "Ben" Leigh Smith (1783–1860), the only son of the Radical abolitionist William Smith. He had four sisters. One, Frances "Fanny" Smith, married William Nightingale (né Shore) and produced a daughter, Florence (the nurse and statistician); another, Joanna Maria, married John Bonham-Carter (1788–1838) MP and founded the Bonham Carter family. Leigh Smith's home was in Marylebone, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domestic Servants
A domestic worker or domestic servant is a person who works within the scope of a residence. The term "domestic service" applies to the equivalent occupational category. In traditional English contexts, such a person was said to be "in service". Domestic workers perform a variety of household services for an individual, from providing cleaning and household maintenance, or cooking, laundry and ironing, or care for children and elderly dependents, and other household errands. Some domestic workers live within their employer's household. In some cases, the contribution and skill of servants whose work encompassed complex management tasks in large households have been highly valued. However, for the most part, domestic work tends to be demanding and is commonly considered to be undervalued, despite often being necessary. Although legislation protecting domestic workers is in place in many countries, it is often not extensively enforced. In many jurisdictions, domestic work is p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Working Class
The working class (or labouring class) comprises those engaged in manual-labour occupations or industrial work, who are remunerated via waged or salaried contracts. Working-class occupations (see also " Designation of workers by collar colour") include blue-collar jobs, and most pink-collar jobs. Members of the working class rely exclusively upon earnings from wage labour; thus, according to more inclusive definitions, the category can include almost all of the working population of industrialized economies, as well as those employed in the urban areas (cities, towns, villages) of non-industrialized economies or in the rural workforce. Definitions As with many terms describing social class, ''working class'' is defined and used in many different ways. The most general definition, used by many socialists, is that the working class includes all those who have nothing to sell but their labour. These people used to be referred to as the proletariat, but that term has gone out of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temperance (virtue)
Temperance in its modern use is defined as moderation or voluntary self-restraint. It is typically described in terms of what an individual voluntarily refrains from doing. This includes restraint from revenge by practicing non-violence and forgiveness, restraint from arrogance by practicing humility and modesty, restraint from excesses such as extravagant luxury or splurging, and restraint from rage or craving by practicing calmness and self-control. Temperance has been described as a virtue by religious thinkers, philosophers, and more recently, psychologists, particularly in the positive psychology movement. It has a long history in philosophical and religious thought. In classical iconography, the virtue is often depicted as a woman holding two vessels transferring water from one to another. It is one of the cardinal virtues in western thought found in Greek philosophy and Christianity, as well as eastern traditions such as Buddhism and Hinduism. Temperance is one of the si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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