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Marszałek Sejmu
The Marshal of the Sejm , also known as Sejm Marshal, Chairman of the Sejm or Speaker of the Sejm ( pl, Marszałek Sejmu, ) is the speaker (chair) of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish Parliament. The office traces its origins to the 15th century. In modern Poland, the full title is Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (). Related historical offices The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also had an office of Sejmik Marshal. In the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, from 1861, the chairman of the Provincial Sejm of Galicia with its seat at Lwów bore the title Marszałek krajowy (Province Marshal). The Kingdom of Poland, from 1916 to 1918, used the title Marszałek Rady Stanu (Marshal of the State Council). In the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939), the deputies elected one of their number as Marshal of the Sejm for the duration of the Sejm's term. Until 1935 (when superseded by the Senate Marshal), the Marshal or Chairman of the Sejm substituted for the Presid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elżbieta Witek
Elżbieta Barbara Witek (née Zbanuch; born 17 December 1957, in Jawor) is a Polish politician and former Minister of the Interior and Administration, in office from June 2019 to August 2019, currently serving as the Marshal of the Sejm (). First elected to the ''Sejm'' on 25 September 2005, obtaining 7476 votes in 1 Legnica district as a candidate on the Law and Justice list. She was voted Marshal on 9 August 2019 after her predecessor, Marek Kuchciński, stepped down upon the mass critique of his use of government airplanes for private purposes. Orders and honours * Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise The Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise ( uk, Орден князя Ярослава Мудрого) is an award of Ukraine. It is awarded for distinguished services to the state and people of the Ukrainian nation in the field of state building, ... See also * Members of Polish Sejm 2005–2007 References External linksElżbieta Witek – parliamentary page– includes decl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marszałek Rady Stanu
Marszałek ( en, Marshal, , be, Маршалак, ) was one of the highest officials in the Polish royal court since the 13th century and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the 15th century. He was the oldest-ranking of all court officials and was considered the most important advisor to the King of Poland. History The term ''marszałek'', derived from Old German ''marh-skalk'' or ''horse-servant'' came to Polish language in the 13th century from Bohemia. Initially it retained its original meaning but then evolved to denote the primary military leader in various courts of princes, most notably in Silesia. However, soon the term evolved and started denoting one of the functions at the court. In the 14th century the royal court in Kraków introduced an office of the ''Marshal of the Polish Kingdom'' (''marszałek Królestwa Polskiego''), which was one of the offices reserved for kings' advisors. The first recorded mention of a Marszałek is at the Battle of Legnica in Silesia o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Occupations
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a State (polity), state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, Executive (government), executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. In many countries, the government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. While all types of organizations have governance, the term ''government'' is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 List of sovereign states, independent national governments and Governmental organization, subsidiary organizations. The major types of political systems in the modern era are democracies, monarchies, and authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. Historically prevalent forms of government include monarchy, aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Titles
Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken *Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwriters Polish may refer to: * Polishing, the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing or chemical action ** French polishing, polishing wood to a high gloss finish * Nail polish * Shoe polish * Polish (screenwriting), improving a script in smaller ways than in a rewrite See also * * * Polonaise (other) A polonaise ()) is a stately dance of Polish origin or a piece of music for this dance. Polonaise may also refer to: * Polonaises (Chopin), compositions by Frédéric Chopin ** Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 (french: Polonaise héroïque, lin ... {{Disambiguation, surname Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Offices In The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
An office is a space where an organization's employees perform administrative work in order to support and realize objects and goals of the organization. The word "office" may also denote a position within an organization with specific duties attached to it (see officer, office-holder, official); the latter is in fact an earlier usage, office as place originally referring to the location of one's duty. When used as an adjective, the term "office" may refer to business-related tasks. In law, a company or organization has offices in any place where it has an official presence, even if that presence consists of (for example) a storage silo rather than an establishment with desk-and- chair. An office is also an architectural and design phenomenon: ranging from a small office such as a bench in the corner of a small business of extremely small size (see small office/home office), through entire floors of buildings, up to and including massive buildings dedicated entirely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senior Marshal
The Senior Marshal ( pl, Marszałek senior) is an honorary post in Sejm given to one of the oldest (in age) members of the body. He is nominated by the President of Poland and functions as Marshal of the Sejm ( pl, Marszałek sejmu) until that holder of office is elected by the newly elected Sejm and Senate. Election of the marshal of the Sejm is usually the first item on the agenda for the new Sejm. Senior Marshal of the first Sejm of the Communist Poland Franciszek Trąbalski during his short term as the Senior Marshal acted also as a head of state. List Third Republic Sejm * Zbigniew Rudnicki ( SD), July 4, 1989 * Aleksander Małachowski (SP), November 25, 1991 * Aleksander Małachowski ( UP), October 14, 1993 * Józef Kaleta ( SLD), October 20, 1997 * Aleksander Małachowski (UP), October 19, 2001 * Józef Zych ( PSL), October 19 - October 24, 2005 * Zbigniew Religa (PiS), November 5, 2007 * Józef Zych (PSL), November 8, 2011 * Kornel Morawiecki ( WiS), November 12, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deputy Marshal Of The Sejm Of The Republic Of Poland
Deputy Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Wicemarszałek Sejmu RP) is a person elected to preside over Sejm (Polish lower chamber of parliament) sessions when the Sejm Marshal is not presiding. Throughout the course of the Third Republic, there have always been several Deputy marshals, usually elected from some or all of the various parliamentary caucuses, rather than from the Government majority (although governing parties always have a majority in the Sejm Presidium, which is composed of the Marshal and Deputy Marshals). Third Republic 9th term (2019-present) * Włodzimierz Czarzasty (Democratic Left Alliance) * Małgorzata Gosiewska (Law and Justice) * Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska (Civic Platform) * Ryszard Terlecki (Law and Justice) * Piotr Zgorzelski (Polish People's Party) Under Marshal Elżbieta Witek 8th term (2015-2019) * Małgorzata Gosiewska (Law and Justice) since 12 June 2019 * Beata Mazurek (Law and Justice) 9 January 2018 - 4 June 2019 * Joach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of Poland
The Senate ( pl, Senat) is the upper house of the Parliament of Poland, Polish parliament, the lower house being the Sejm of the Republic of Poland, Sejm. The history of the Polish Senate stretches back over 500 years; it was one of the first constituent bodies of a bicameral parliament in Europe and existed without hiatus until the final Partitions of Poland, partition of the Polish state in 1795. The contemporary Senate is composed of 100 senators elected by a universal ballot and is headed by Marshal of the Senate (''Marszałek Senatu''). The incumbent Marshal of the Senate is Tomasz Grodzki. Following a brief period of existence under the Second Polish Republic, the Senate was again abolished by the authorities of the Polish People's Republic. It was not re-established until the collapse of the communist government and reinstatement of democracy in Poland in 1989. The Senate is based in Warsaw and is located in a building which forms part of the Sejm Complex on Wiejska Street ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acting President Of The Republic Of Poland
The acting president of the Republic of Poland ( pl, pełniący obowiązki prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, or ''p.o. prezydenta RP'') is a temporary post provided for by the Polish Constitution. The constitution states that the president is the head of state. If the president dies in office, resigns, is removed from office or unable to execute his/her powers and duties, a predetermined person will assume the powers and duties as acting president. In the incapacity scenario, the acting president is just a temporary deputy. In the case of a vacancy, however, he becomes the head of state until the next election, albeit without the title of president, and retaining his previous office. In either case, all the powers of the president devolve to the acting president, with the exception of the right to dissolve the Parliament. The first person in line to become acting president is the Marshal of the Sejm. Should he be unable to serve, the next is the Marshal of the Senate. This ord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Poland
The president of Poland ( pl, Prezydent RP), officially the president of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), is the head of state of Poland. Their rights and obligations are determined in the Constitution of Poland. The president heads the executive branch. In addition, the president has a right to dissolve parliament in certain cases, can veto legislation and represents Poland in the international arena. History The first president of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz, was sworn in as president of the Second Polish Republic on 11 December 1922. He was elected by the National Assembly (the Sejm and the Senate) under the terms of the 1921 March Constitution. Narutowicz was assassinated on 16 December 1922. Previously Józef Piłsudski had been "Chief of State" (''Naczelnik Państwa'') under the provisional Small Constitution of 1919. In 1926 Piłsudski staged the " May Coup", overthrew President Stanisław Wojciechowski and had the National Assembly elec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marszałek Senatu
The Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Marszałek Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) is the presiding officer of the Senate of Poland. The marshal is also third person according to the Polish order of precedence, after President of the Republic of Poland and Sejm Marshal, and second in line to become Acting President of the Republic of Poland (after Sejm Marshal; in period 1935-1939 Senate Marshal was the first). Because of both precedence order and succession order, the marshal is commonly referred to as the "third person in state". The person who functions as their second-in-command is the Deputy Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland. Role Marshal: * Represent Senate * Preside over Senate sessions * Preside over Senate Presidium and caucus of heads of Senatorial caucuses (''Konwent Seniorów'') meetings * Performing some representative roles on the state level * Becoming Acting President when Sejm Marshal cannot do so * Is in charge on peacekeeping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legislator
A legislator (also known as a deputy or lawmaker) is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature. Legislators are often elected by the people of the state. Legislatures may be supra-national (for example, the European Parliament), national (for example, the United States Congress), or local (for example, local authorities). Overview The political theory of the separation of powers requires legislators to be independent individuals from the members of the executive and the judiciary. Certain political systems adhere to this principle, others do not. In the United Kingdom, for example, the executive is formed almost exclusively from legislators (members of Parliament) although the judiciary is mostly independent (until reforms in 2005, the Lord Chancellor uniquely was a legislator, a member of the executive - indeed, the Cabinet - and a judge, while until 2009 the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary were both judges and legislators as membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
