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Macronarians
Macronaria is a clade of sauropod dinosaurs. Macronarians are named after the large diameter of the nasal opening of their skull, known as the external naris, which exceeded the size of the orbit, the skull opening where the eye is located (hence ''macro''- meaning large, and –''naria'' meaning nose). Fossil evidence suggests that macronarian dinosaurs lived from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) through the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian). Macronarians have been found globally, including discoveries in Argentina, the United States, Portugal, China, and Tanzania. Like other sauropods, they are known to have inhabited primarily terrestrial areas, and little evidence exists to suggest that they spent much time in coastal environments. Macronarians are diagnosed through their distinct characters on their skulls, as well as appendicular and vertebral characters. Macronaria is composed of several subclades and families notably including Camarasauridae and Titanosauriformes, among sever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fukuititan
''Fukuititan'' (meaning " Fukui giant") is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur that lived in the Early Cretaceous (either Barremian or Aptian age) in what is now Japan. It is known from FPDM-V8468, the associated partial skeleton of a single individual, recovered from the Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry (Kitadani Formation) of the Tetori Group, at Katsuyama City. The type species, ''Fukuititan nipponensis'', was described in 2010 by Japanese scientists Yoichi Azuma and Masateru Shibata of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum The , located in Katsuyama, Fukui, Japan, is one of the leading dinosaur museums in Asia that is renowned for its exhibits of fossil specimens of dinosaurs and paleontological research. It is sited in the Nagaoyama Park ( Katsuyama Dinosaur Fore .... The discovery sheds light on Japanese titanosauriforms, which are poorly known in the region. References Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia Fossil taxa described in 2010 Macronarians Fossils o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camarasauridae
Camarasauridae is a family of sauropod dinosaurs. Among sauropods, camarasaurids are small to medium-sized, with relatively short necks. They are visually identifiable by a short skull with large nares, and broad, spatulate teeth filling a thick jaw.1. Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., & Osmólska, H. (Eds.). (1990). ''The dinosauria''. Univ of California Press. Based on cervical vertebrae and cervical rib biomechanics, camarasaurids most likely moved their necks in a vertical, rather than horizontal, sweeping motion, in contrast to most diplodocids. Taxonomy Camarasauridae was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1877. Its type genus is ''Camarasaurus'', and it is defined as the clade containing all species more closely related to ''Camarasaurus supremus'' than ''Saltasaurus loricatus''. Phylogenetic relationships Camarasauridae is typically regarded as belonging to Macronaria, one of the two major branches of Neosauropoda. Within Macronaria, it occupies a basal position, outsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceanotitan
''Oceanotitan'' (meaning "ocean giant") is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod known from the Upper Jurassic Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Formation of Portugal. It contains one species, ''Oceanotitan dantasi''. The holotype consists of the scapula The scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on eith ..., almost all of the pelvis, a complete leg and pes, and nine caudals. References Macronarians Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe Jurassic Portugal Fossils of Portugal Fossil taxa described in 2019 {{sauropodomorph-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiutaisaurus
''Jiutaisaurus'' (meaning "Jiutai lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Quantou Formation of Jilin, China. ''Jiutaisaurus'' was a sauropod which lived during the Cretaceous. The type species, ''Jiutaisaurus xidiensis'', was described by Wu ''et al.'' in 2006, and is based on eighteen vertebra The spinal column, a defining synapomorphy shared by nearly all vertebrates, Hagfish are believed to have secondarily lost their spinal column is a moderately flexible series of vertebrae (singular vertebra), each constituting a characteristi ...e. It probably lived alongside '' Changchunsaurus'' and '' Helioceratops''. References Macronarians Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia Fossil taxa described in 2006 {{Sauropodomorph-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somphospondyli
Somphospondyli is an extinct clade of titanosauriform sauropods that lived from the Late Jurassic until the end of the Late Cretaceous, comprising all titanosauriforms more closely related to Titanosauria proper than Brachiosauridae. The remains of somphospondylans have been discovered in all six continents. Classification The group has officially been defined under the PhyloCode as the largest clade containing ''Saltasaurus loricatus'', but not ''Giraffatitan brancai.'' Features found as diagnostic of this clade by Mannion ''et al.'' (2013) include the possession of at least 15 cervical vertebrae; a bevelled radius bone end; sacral vertebrae with camellate internal texture; convex posterior articular surfaces of middle to posterior caudal vertebrae; biconvex distal caudal vertebrae; humerus anterolateral corner "squared"; among multiple others. The following cladogram depicts the reference phylogeny used to defined Somphospondlyi under the PhyloCode The ''International Code ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fushanosaurus
''Fushanosaurus'' (meaning "Fushan lizard", after the Fushan Museum where its remains are stored) is a genus of basal titanosauriform dinosaur from the Shishugou Formation from Xinjiang Province in China. The type and only species is ''Fushanosaurus qitaiensis''. It is solely known from the holotype specimen (FH000101), which consists of a complete right femur. Using "Huanghetitan" ''ruyangensis'' and ''Daxiatitan ''Daxiatitan'' (; meaning "Daxia giant" after a tributary of the Yellow River) is a genus of sauropod dinosaur known from the Lower Cretaceous of Gansu, China. Its type and only species is ''Daxiatitan binglingi'' (). It is known from a single p ...'' as a basis, ''Fushanosaurus'' was estimated to have been approximately long, which would then make it one of the longest known dinosaurs. It was published in the journal Global Geology. References Macronarians Callovian life Oxfordian life Middle Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia Late Jurassic dinosaurs of A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucamerotus
''Eucamerotus'' (meaning "well-chambered", in reference to the hollows of the vertebrae) was a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Barremian-age Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation ( Wealden) of the Isle of Wight, England. History and taxonomy John Hulke erected the genus in 1872 for " R.2522", a neural arch found by William Fox near Brighstone Bay, but provided no species name. He considered the ''Ornithopsis hulkei'' lectotype referable to the genus.Naish, D., and Martill, D.M. (2001). Saurischian dinosaurs 1: Sauropods. In: Martill, D.M., and Naish, D. (eds.). ''Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight''. The Palaeontological Association:London 185-241. He later referred NMHUK R.2522 to '' Ornithopsis'', synonymizing ''Eucamerotus'' with Seeley's name based on the discovery of additional vertebrae from the Isle of Wight. Later authors treated ''Eucamerotus'' as a synonym of '' Pelorosaurus''. von Huene, F. (1909). Skizze zu einer Systematik und Stammesgeschichte der Dinosaurier. ''Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brohisaurus
''Brohisaurus'' is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic, based on largely indeterminate fragments of some ribs, vertebrae, and limb bones. The type and only species, ''B. kirthari'', was described by M. Sadiq Malkani in 2003 and it is currently the only valid genus of dinosaur known from Pakistan to date. The genus name means "Baluchi lizard" and refers to the Baluchi people who live in the area where it was found. The species name refers to the Kirthar Mountains. The fossils were discovered in the lowest portion of the Kimmeridgian Sembar Formation from the Kirthar foldbelt in Pakistan. Description ''Baluchisaurus'', like all sauropod dinosaurs, would have been a large-bodied, long-necked herbivore. Its femur was only 12 cm across. The 15 to 20 meter long titanosauriform '' Phuwiangosaurus'', by contrast, had a femur 20 cm in diameter. Classification ''Brohisaurus'' was originally described as a titanosaur. Malkani suggested it was si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pukyongosaurus
''Pukyongosaurus'' (meaning "Pukyong lizard", after the Pukyong National University) is a genus of titanosauriform dinosaur that lived in South Korea during the Early Cretaceous period ( Aptian - Albian). It may have been closely related to ''Euhelopus'', and is known from a series of vertebrae in the neck and back. The characteristics that were originally used to distinguish this genus have been criticized as being either widespread or too poorly preserved to evaluate, rendering the genus an indeterminate nomen dubium among titanosauriforms. The 2022 study noted that ''Pukyongosaurus'' is probably a somphospondylan. Discovery In 2001, several fragments of a sauropod skeleton were discovered in the Hasandong Formation in Hadong County, South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrodon
''Astrodon'' (aster: star, odon: tooth) is a genus of large herbivorous sauropod dinosaur, measuring in length, in height and in body mass. It lived in what is now the eastern United States during the Early Cretaceous period, and fossils have been found in the Arundel Formation, which has been dated through palynomorphs to the Albian about 112 to 110 million years ago. Discovery and species Two dinosaur teeth were received in late November 1858 by chemist Philip Thomas Tyson from John D. Latchford. They had been found in Latchford's open iron ore pit in the Arundel Formation at Swampoodle near Muirkirk in Prince George's County, Maryland. Tyson let them be studied by the dentist Christopher Johnston, professor at the Baltimore Dental College, who cut one tooth in half and thereby discovered a characteristic star-formed cross-section. Johnston named ''Astrodon'' in 1859. However, he did not attach a specific epithet, so Joseph Leidy is credited with naming ''Astrodon johns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marmarospondylus
''Marmarospondylus'' ("marble eference to the Forest Marble Formation">Forest_Marble_Formation.html" ;"title="eference to the Forest Marble Formation">eference to the Forest Marble Formationvertebra") is a nomen dubium, dubious genus of sauropod dinosaur from Middle Jurassic deposits in the English Midlands. The type species, ''Marmarospondylus robustus'', was described by Richard Owen as a species of the Late Jurassic genus '' Bothriospondylus'' in 1875. The holotype, NHMUK R.22428, a dorsal, was found in the Bathonian-age Forest Marble Formation The Forest Marble is a geological formation in England. Part of the Great Oolite Group, it dates to the late Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic.Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Middle Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weisha ... at Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire. Owen himself in an addendum to the same publication coined ''Marmarospondylus'' for ''B. robustus'', presumably due to its being older than ''B. suffossu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lapparentosaurus
''Lapparentosaurus'' is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic. Its fossils were found in Madagascar (Isalo III Formation). The type species is ''L. madagascariensis''. Discovery and naming In 1895 Richard Lydekker named a new species of ''Bothriospondylus'', ''B. madagascariensis'' based on fossils found before 1894 by Joseph Thomas Last in the Majunga Basin in layers of the Bathonian, the Isalo III Formation. Because there was no real connection with this English form, in 1986 José Fernando Bonaparte named a separate genus. The type species, the only known, is ''Lapparentosaurus madagascariensis''. The generic name honours Albert-Félix de Lapparent. The holotype assigned by Bonaparte, MAA 91-92, consists of two neural arches. Much more abundant material has been referred, from at least three but perhaps as much as ten individuals from different growth stages. This includes vertebrae and limb elements but no skulls. The species is still lacking a good descrip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
